| € million | ||
| 2017 | 2018 | |
| Flows - Abroad | -1,813 | 616 |
| Flows - In Ireland | 46,770 | -23,786 |
| Positions - Abroad - end year | 822,832 | 823,501 |
| Positions - In Ireland - end year | 882,171 | 873,742 |
| Positions - Net - end year | -59,339 | -50,241 |
| Net Income Flows | -51,810 | -59,277 |
Irish stocks of direct investment abroad increased marginally to €824bn at the end of 2018 from a stock position of €823bn at the end of 2017. The end 2018 stock of direct investment abroad comprised of Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings of €725bn and Other Capital of €98bn - see Table 3. The marginal increase in stock of direct investment abroad mainly resulted from increased investment stock in Luxembourg (+€47bn) and offshore centres (+€36bn) which was offset by a decrease in investment stock in Netherlands (-€82bn).
The stock of direct investment in Ireland decreased between the end of 2017 and the end of 2018 - from €882bn to €874bn. This decrease was largely due to decreases in Irish investment stock held by Netherlands (-€106bn), Luxembourg (-€58bn), UK (-€5bn) and Switzerland (-€3bn) which were offset by increases in investment stock held by US (+€94bn) and offshore centres (+€77bn) - see Table 4.
Ireland had a net foreign liability of €50bn at the end of 2018, a decrease of €9bn from a net foreign liability of €59bn at the end of 2017.
| X-axis label | United States | Offshore Centres | Luxembourg | Other | Switzerland | UK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 289 | 221 | 165 | 75 | 69 | 53 |
| X-axis label | United States | Ireland | Other | Offshore Centres | United Kingdom | France |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 649 | 92 | 68 | 34 | 18 | 13 |
In line with International recommendations the geographic allocation of direct investment flows and stocks in Tables 1 to 9 is based on the country of location of the immediate owner of the direct investment enterprise.
An alternative presentation of the stock of direct investment in Ireland by ultimate investor displays a different geographic pattern. Figure 2 presents the value of investment stock in Ireland by location of the immediate owner (of the direct investment enterprise). Figure 3 presents the value of investment stock in Ireland by location of the ultimate investor. In 2018, the stock of investment from the US as ultimate investor at €649bn was €360bn greater than the stock of US investment presented by immediate owner (€289bn). Investment stock from Ireland as ultimate investor at €92bn primarily represents former US-based corporate inversion enterprises which are now located in Ireland (see Figure 3).
Flows of direct investment into Ireland decreased by €24bn in 2018. Reinvested earnings inflows of €57bn were offset by decreases in equity and other capital investment of €48bn and €32bn, respectively. Although investment from the US, Bermuda and Asia increased by €73bn, €42bn and €19bn respectively, investment from Europe decreased by €155bn largely due to a decrease in investment from Netherlands (-€96bn), Luxembourg (-€59bn) and UK (-€17bn) - see Table 2.
| X-axis label | US | Offshore Centres | Belgium | Other | Netherlands | Luxembourg | UK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flows | 73.312 | 62.769 | 11.327 | 1.05800000000001 | -96.34 | -59.177 | -16.735 |
In 2015, the flow of direct investment into Ireland escalated to €196bn mainly due to increased investment from Europe (€80bn) and the US (€76bn). Flows of direct investment into Ireland decreased by €24bn in 2018 - investment from Europe decreased by €155bn while investment from US increased by €73bn - see Table 2.
| X-axis label | Total | Europe | US |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 38.046 | 25.113 | 3.757 |
| 2013 | 38.107 | 24.443 | 9.615 |
| 2014 | 36.317 | 19.549 | 6.892 |
| 2015 | 196.363 | 79.976 | 76.457 |
| 2016 | 35.607 | 96.488 | -55.433 |
| 2017 | 47 | 101 | -53 |
| 2018 | -24 | -155 | 73 |
Direct investment abroad increased by €0.6bn in 2018 - from a decrease in outflows of €1.8bn in 2017. Reinvested earnings abroad and other capital investments abroad of €13.3bn and €9.1bn were offset by a decrease in equity abroad of €21.8bn. The decrease in equity investment was mainly from Europe (€29bn) - see Table 1.
Investment abroad by enterprises located in Ireland was primarily from the services sector – an investment position of €716bn at the end of 2018 was down €6bn compared to the position at the end of 2017 (€721bn). The stock position for services sector investment to the EU was €479bn (67%). The investment position from the manufacturing sector amounted to €85bn - see Table 7.
The services sector remains the largest sector for inward investment - at the end of 2018 the investment position of €558bn was down €53bn on end year 2017 position (€611bn). The investment position in financial intermediation and administrative & support activities decreased from €199bn and €63bn in 2017 to €197bn and €61bn in 2018 respectively. Investment in the manufacturing sector increased by €45bn to a stock position of €315bn in the same period - see Table 8.
| X-axis label | Manufacturing | Services |
|---|---|---|
| In Ireland | 315 | 558 |
| Abroad | 85 | 716 |
Income outflows of foreign owned direct investment enterprises were €77bn in 2018, an increase of €4bn compared with 2017. Earnings of European owned companies were €53bn in 2018, up €5bn on the 2017 figure. Income earned abroad by investors located in Ireland was €18bn in 2018 down €3bn on 2017. The earnings abroad were mainly from Luxembourg (€9bn), the Netherlands (€7bn), the UK and offshore centres (€3bn & €3bn) - see Table 9.
| Table 1 Direct Investment1 Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment | € million | |||||||||
| Region/Country | 20172 | 2018 | ||||||||
| Equity | Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | Equity | Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | |||
| Europe | -69,274 | 17,567 | 26,836 | -24,871 | -28,664 | 16,599 | -337 | -12,401 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||||
| Belgium | -10 | 29 | 483 | 502 | 506 | 48 | 195 | 751 | ||
| France | * | * | 583 | 1,248 | -603 | 39 | 132 | -430 | ||
| Germany | 76 | 144 | -596 | -376 | * | * | -755 | -636 | ||
| Italy | 64 | 6 | 17 | 87 | 111 | * | * | -478 | ||
| Luxembourg | -92,699 | 8,475 | 3,464 | -80,760 | 51,363 | 8,594 | -31,449 | 28,507 | ||
| Netherlands | 8,900 | 4,144 | 14,882 | 27,927 | * | * | 26,405 | -75,190 | ||
| Spain | 46 | -15 | -217 | -186 | * | * | -481 | -152 | ||
| Switzerland | * | * | -3,455 | 1,616 | * | 14 | * | * | ||
| United Kingdom | 771 | 1,984 | -746 | 2,010 | -237 | 2,035 | 544 | 2,342 | ||
| EU 283 | -79,901 | 16,468 | 17,451 | -45,982 | -61,953 | 15,980 | -6,684 | -52,656 | ||
| EMU 194 | -83,381 | 13,271 | 18,443 | -51,668 | -54,410 | 13,552 | -7,675 | -48,533 | ||
| Americas | -13,914 | 2,977 | 6,220 | -4,717 | -280 | 508 | -1,582 | -1,355 | ||
| North America | -6,973 | -57 | 10,935 | 3,904 | * | -1,059 | * | -5,392 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||||
| Canada | 256 | 15 | 19 | 290 | * | 17 | * | 101 | ||
| United States | -7,230 | -73 | 10,916 | 3,614 | 123 | -1,075 | -4,541 | -5,493 | ||
| Central America | * | 2,935 | * | * | -1,057 | 1,462 | 3,451 | 3,855 | ||
| South America | * | 99 | * | * | * | 106 | * | 181 | ||
| Asia | * | * | -930 | * | * | * | 553 | 3,961 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||||
| China | * | * | -16 | * | * | * | -7 | * | ||
| Hong Kong | -2,434 | -10 | * | * | * | 7 | * | * | ||
| Japan | * | * | -1,220 | -1,464 | * | * | -348 | 280 | ||
| Africa | * | * | * | * | 239 | 44 | * | * | ||
| Oceania and Polar Regions | 14 | -9 | 28 | 34 | * | * | * | * | ||
| Not geographically allocated5 | 3,821 | 688 | * | * | -831 | 420 | * | * | ||
| Total | -32,637 | 17,425 | 13,400 | -1,813 | -21,769 | 13,259 | 9,123 | 616 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||||
| All offshore centres6 | 39,374 | 4,170 | -4,055 | 39,488 | * | * | * | 36,798 | ||
| 1Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment. | ||||||||||
| 2Revised. | ||||||||||
| 3For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | ||||||||||
| 4The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | ||||||||||
| 5This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown. | ||||||||||
| 6This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu and Samoa. | ||||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | ||||||||||
| Table 2 Direct Investment1 Flows into Ireland Classified by Location of Investor | € million | ||||||||
| Region/Country | 20172 | 2018 | |||||||
| Equity | Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | Equity | Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | ||
| Europe | 38,976 | 40,514 | 21,747 | 101,238 | -65,797 | 44,580 | -133,373 | -154,592 | |
| of which: | |||||||||
| Belgium | 1,767 | 1,807 | -4,980 | -1,407 | * | 3,052 | * | 11,327 | |
| France | 1,971 | 1,572 | -1,068 | 2,475 | 1,604 | 1,421 | 2,541 | 5,566 | |
| Germany | -110 | 290 | -965 | -786 | 446 | 367 | 1,548 | 2,361 | |
| Italy | * | 1,485 | * | 1,647 | -132 | 1,427 | 239 | 1,533 | |
| Luxembourg | 34,939 | 10,309 | 12,073 | 57,322 | * | 12,218 | * | -59,177 | |
| Netherlands | -1,076 | 2,884 | 21,540 | 23,348 | * | 3,455 | * | -96,340 | |
| United Kingdom | 1,463 | 2,838 | 361 | 4,661 | -4,917 | 2,422 | -14,241 | -16,735 | |
| EU 283 | 40,678 | 21,869 | 24,923 | 87,470 | -69,327 | 24,971 | -126,310 | -170,667 | |
| EMU 194 | 39,173 | 18,877 | 24,892 | 82,941 | -64,259 | 22,389 | -90,637 | -132,508 | |
| North America | -19,496 | 8,140 | -43,365 | -54,721 | 5,464 | 5,300 | 61,556 | 72,324 | |
| of which: | |||||||||
| Canada | -1,097 | -24 | -534 | -1,657 | 27 | -76 | -940 | -988 | |
| United States | -18,398 | 8,165 | -42,830 | -53,064 | 5,437 | 5,377 | 62,496 | 73,312 | |
| Central America | * | 4,499 | * | 23,153 | 9,445 | 5,387 | 22,233 | 37,068 | |
| of which: | |||||||||
| Bermuda | -1,162 | 2,713 | -291 | 1,260 | 11,001 | 3,855 | 27,023 | 41,880 | |
| South America | * | 0 | * | -12 | 0 | 0 | -274 | -274 | |
| of which: | |||||||||
| Brazil | 0 | 0 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | -172 | -172 | |
| Asia | -258 | 876 | -2,051 | -1,433 | 991 | 1,051 | 17,043 | 19,084 | |
| of which: | |||||||||
| China | * | * | 10 | 107 | * | * | -615 | -69 | |
| Japan | -13 | 325 | -2,631 | -2,319 | * | * | 2,574 | 3,867 | |
| Africa | -12 | 4 | 115 | 108 | 16 | 5 | 47 | 70 | |
| Oceania and Polar Regions | * | * | 744 | 762 | * | * | -434 | -412 | |
| Not geographically allocated5 | * | * | -3,339 | -22,329 | * | * | 1,276 | 2,947 | |
| Total | -982 | 54,364 | -6,612 | 46,770 | -48,381 | 56,519 | -31,924 | -23,786 | |
| of which: | |||||||||
| All offshore centres6 | 3,460 | 13,832 | 19,036 | 36,328 | 7,729 | 12,834 | 42,207 | 62,769 | |
| 1Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment. | |||||||||
| 2Revised. | |||||||||
| 3For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | |||||||||
| 4The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | |||||||||
| 5This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown. | |||||||||
| 6This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu and Samoa. | |||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | |||||||||
| Table 3 Direct Investment1 Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investment | € million | |||||||
| Region/Country | 20172 | 2018 | ||||||
| Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | |||
| Europe | 498,926 | 91,478 | 590,404 | 477,878 | 99,913 | 577,791 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| France | 3,513 | 957 | 4,470 | 3,018 | 733 | 3,751 | ||
| Germany | 3,309 | -81 | 3,228 | 4,335 | -824 | 3,512 | ||
| Italy | 605 | -35 | 569 | 729 | -719 | 11 | ||
| Luxembourg | 222,645 | 60,823 | 283,468 | 290,005 | 40,642 | 330,647 | ||
| Netherlands | 135,975 | 14,976 | 150,951 | 25,813 | 43,585 | 69,397 | ||
| Switzerland | * | * | -13,181 | 12,098 | -8,628 | 3,470 | ||
| United Kingdom | 75,239 | 13,388 | 88,626 | 71,917 | 13,959 | 85,876 | ||
| Offshore centres | 19,596 | 356 | 19,952 | * | * | 48,079 | ||
| EU 283 | 467,820 | 102,157 | 569,977 | 416,531 | 108,251 | 524,782 | ||
| EMU 194 | 378,355 | 81,686 | 460,042 | 337,112 | 86,452 | 423,565 | ||
| Americas | 163,694 | -12,668 | 151,027 | 161,548 | -5,659 | 155,889 | ||
| North America | 111,033 | -16,094 | 94,939 | 107,004 | -12,518 | 94,486 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Canada | 1,757 | 328 | 2,085 | 1,421 | 169 | 1,590 | ||
| United States | 109,276 | -16,421 | 92,854 | 105,583 | -12,687 | 92,896 | ||
| Central America | 52,291 | 3,006 | 55,297 | * | * | 60,413 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Offshore centres | 51,567 | 2,850 | 54,417 | 52,981 | 6,617 | 59,598 | ||
| South America | 370 | 420 | 791 | * | * | 989 | ||
| Asia | 56,723 | 965 | 57,688 | 62,698 | 1,258 | 63,956 | ||
| Africa | * | * | -190 | * | * | -416 | ||
| Oceania and Polar Regions | 2,086 | -653 | 1,433 | 1,523 | -624 | 898 | ||
| Not geographically allocated5 | * | * | 22,470 | * | * | 25,384 | ||
| Total | 750,436 | 72,396 | 822,832 | 725,416 | 98,085 | 823,501 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| All offshore centres6 | * | * | 118,995 | * | * | 154,886 | ||
| 1The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net asset position, while a minus sign indicates a net liability position. | ||||||||
| 2Revised. | ||||||||
| 3For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | ||||||||
| 4The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | ||||||||
| 5This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown. | ||||||||
| 6This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu and Samoa. | ||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | ||||||||
| Table 4 Direct Investment1 in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investor | € million | |||||||
| Region/Country | 20172 | 2018 | ||||||
| Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings | Other Capital | Total | |||
| Europe | 611,881 | -4,035 | 607,845 | 583,757 | -137,309 | 446,447 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Belgium | 21,610 | -15,425 | 6,186 | 38,082 | -19,575 | 18,507 | ||
| France | 20,932 | -1,074 | 19,858 | 19,757 | 1,263 | 21,020 | ||
| Germany | 8,341 | -2,388 | 5,954 | 8,557 | -2,295 | 6,262 | ||
| Italy | 7,985 | 472 | 8,457 | 7,929 | 759 | 8,688 | ||
| Luxembourg | 278,159 | -54,314 | 223,845 | 207,554 | -42,061 | 165,494 | ||
| Netherlands | 53,050 | 38,802 | 91,851 | 47,807 | -62,225 | -14,418 | ||
| Spain | * | * | 9,261 | * | * | 10,918 | ||
| Switzerland | 47,102 | 25,116 | 72,218 | 69,724 | -405 | 69,319 | ||
| United Kingdom | 70,783 | -12,252 | 58,531 | 65,236 | -12,045 | 53,191 | ||
| Offshore centres | * | 177 | * | * | 236 | * | ||
| EU 283 | 482,418 | -28,195 | 454,223 | 415,728 | -136,717 | 279,011 | ||
| EMU 194 | 406,012 | -36,053 | 369,959 | 344,807 | -122,863 | 221,944 | ||
| North America | 94,501 | 100,589 | 195,090 | 117,256 | 171,307 | 288,563 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Canada | 1,248 | -893 | 355 | 1,291 | -2,010 | -719 | ||
| United States | 93,253 | 101,482 | 194,736 | 115,965 | 173,318 | 289,282 | ||
| Central America | 69,934 | 2,573 | 72,507 | 89,735 | 23,471 | 113,206 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Offshore centres | 69,934 | -799 | 69,135 | 89,735 | 23,832 | 113,567 | ||
| South America | 0 | -140 | -140 | 0 | -407 | -407 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Brazil | 0 | -111 | -111 | 0 | -286 | -286 | ||
| Asia | 12,529 | -6,812 | 5,717 | 13,054 | 8,978 | 22,031 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| China | * | -220 | * | * | * | 5,898 | ||
| Japan | 2,376 | -2,024 | 351 | 3,363 | 510 | 3,873 | ||
| Singapore | 384 | -4,429 | -4,046 | * | * | 12,001 | ||
| Offshore centres5 | 603 | -3,929 | -3,326 | 613 | 12,112 | 12,725 | ||
| Africa | * | -40 | * | * | -5 | * | ||
| Oceania and Polar Regions | 45 | 409 | 454 | 208 | -74 | 134 | ||
| Not geographically allocated6 | * | -1,494 | * | * | 4,964 | * | ||
| Total | 791,120 | 91,050 | 882,171 | 802,817 | 70,926 | 873,742 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| All offshore centres7 | 149,260 | -4,517 | 144,742 | 185,142 | 36,298 | 221,439 | ||
| 1The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net liability position, while a minus sign indicates a net asset position. | ||||||||
| 2Revised. | ||||||||
| 3For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | ||||||||
| 4The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | ||||||||
| 5This category overlaps with some of the regions referred to above. | ||||||||
| 6This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown. | ||||||||
| 7This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu and Samoa. | ||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | ||||||||
| Table 5 Direct Investment1 Flows Abroad Classified by Activity2 of Resident Investor | € million | ||||||||
| Sector | NACE2 | 20173 | 2018 | ||||||
| Total | of which: | Total | of which: | ||||||
| Section & Division | EU 284 | EMU 195 | EU 284 | EMU 195 | |||||
| All Industries | -1,812 | -45,982 | -51,668 | 616 | -52,656 | -48,533 | |||
| of which: | |||||||||
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction | A, B & F | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Total Manufacturing Sector | C | 3,336 | 6,942 | 5,799 | 10,730 | 784 | 1,282 | ||
| Food, beverages and tobacco products | 10, 11 & 12 | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Textiles and wood | 13, 14 & 16 - 18 | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations | 21 | -2,531 | 304 | 296 | 754 | * | -577 | ||
| Other manufacturing n.e.s. | 5,012 | 7,665 | 7,092 | 8,741 | -907 | -282 | |||
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply | D | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Total Services Sector | 45 - 99 | -7,960 | -53,566 | -58,308 | -11,640 | -53,751 | -50,223 | ||
| Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles | G | -1,589 | 442 | 176 | -517 | 362 | -64 | ||
| Transportation and storage | H | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Information and communication | J | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Financial and insurance activities | K | 7,177 | -271 | -99 | -11,390 | -9,218 | -7,644 | ||
| of which: | |||||||||
| Activities of holding companies | 64.2 | 2,153 | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Other service activities6 | -59206 | -64,518 | -66,693 | 49,097 | 5,962 | 7,737 | |||
| 1Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment. | |||||||||
| 2The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification. | |||||||||
| 3Revised. | |||||||||
| 4For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | |||||||||
| 5The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | |||||||||
| 6This covers residual FDI service activity. | |||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | |||||||||
| Table 6 Direct Investment1 Flows into Ireland Classified by Activity2 of Resident Enterprise | € million | ||||||||||||||
| Sector | NACE2 | 20173 | 2018 | ||||||||||||
| Total | of which: | Total | of which: | ||||||||||||
| Section & Division | United States | Japan | EU 284 | EMU 195 | Offshore Centres | United States | Japan | EU 284 | EMU 195 | Offshore Centres | |||||
| All Industries | 46,770 | -53,064 | -2,319 | 87,470 | 82,941 | 36,328 | -23,786 | 73,311 | 3,867 | -170,667 | -132,508 | 62,769 | |||
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction | A, B & F | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | ||
| Total Manufacturing Sector | C | -36,308 | -24,667 | 124 | -6,919 | -9,867 | -5,373 | 54,517 | -11,050 | -317 | 9,543 | 9,498 | 50,292 | ||
| Food, beverages and tobacco products | 10, 11 & 12 | -97 | * | 0 | * | * | 714 | * | * | 0 | -3 | * | * | ||
| Textiles and wood | 13, 14 & 16 - 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations | 21 | -9,595 | 1,128 | 6 | -6,053 | -6,644 | -2,712 | 16,191 | 4,745 | 89 | 6,947 | 6,642 | 933 | ||
| Other manufacturing n.e.s. | -26,616 | * | 118 | * | * | -3,375 | * | * | -406 | 2,599 | * | * | |||
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply | D | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | ||
| Total Services Sector | 45 - 99 | 82,898 | -28,405 | -2,443 | 94,225 | 92,731 | 41,700 | -79,031 | 84,353 | 4,183 | -180,922 | -141,900 | 12,477 | ||
| Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles | G | 27,848 | * | -10 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | -1,389 | * | ||
| Transportation and storage | H | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | * | * | * | ||
| Information and communication | J | 80,461 | * | 7 | * | * | 15,121 | -55,697 | 216 | * | * | * | 6,793 | ||
| Financial intermediation | 64 | 2,855 | -10,907 | * | 32,788 | 34,455 | 2,179 | -19,703 | 99,581 | * | -127,778 | -93,257 | 6,668 | ||
| of which: | |||||||||||||||
| Activities of holding companies | 64.2 | 1,446 | 1,931 | * | * | * | 1,183 | -2,526 | * | * | * | * | -1,008 | ||
| Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding | 65 | 538 | -1,549 | * | 1,227 | 677 | 883 | 871 | -91 | * | 1,849 | 2,064 | -33 | ||
| Other financial activities | 66 | 1,092 | * | * | 722 | 735 | * | 1,009 | * | * | 1,126 | 1,099 | * | ||
| Other services activities6 | * | -8,684 | 79 | -16,901 | -19,443 | 454 | * | * | 1,294 | 9,174 | 13,212 | -779 | |||
| 1Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions. e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment. | |||||||||||||||
| 2The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification. | |||||||||||||||
| 3Revised. | |||||||||||||||
| 4For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | |||||||||||||||
| 5The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain | |||||||||||||||
| 6This covers residual FDI service activity | |||||||||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | |||||||||||||||
| Table 7 Direct Investment1 Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Activity2 of Resident Investor | € million | ||||||||
| Sector | NACE 2 | 2017 | 2018 | ||||||
| Total | of which: | Total | of which: | ||||||
| Section & Division | EU 284 | EMU 195 | EU 284 | EMU 195 | |||||
| All Industries | 822,832 | 569,977 | 460,042 | 823,501 | 524,782 | 423,565 | |||
| of which: | |||||||||
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction | A, B & F | * | * | * | * | * | 8,298 | ||
| Total Manufacturing Sector | C | 72,936 | 36,128 | 26,965 | 85,087 | 34,375 | 26,132 | ||
| Food, beverages and tobacco products | 10, 11 & 12 | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Textiles and wood | 13, 14 & 16 - 18 | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations | 21 | * | 925 | 798 | 2,174 | * | * | ||
| Other manufacturing n.e.s. | 43,257 | 12,377 | 9,314 | 48,175 | 11,922 | 9,225 | |||
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply | D | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | ||
| Total Services Sector | 45 - 99 | 721,388 | 520,840 | 422,707 | 715,686 | 479,096 | 389,135 | ||
| Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles | G | 16,128 | 9,915 | 2,992 | 13,157 | 8,360 | 3,345 | ||
| Transportation and storage | H | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Information and communication | J | * | * | * | * | * | * | ||
| Financial and insurance activities | K | 88,127 | 16,162 | 3,316 | 91,469 | 16,836 | 4,915 | ||
| of which: | |||||||||
| Activities of holding companies | 64.2 | 8,045 | 1,226 | 689 | 8,058 | * | * | ||
| Other service activities6 | 494,523 | 409,012 | 336,827 | 535,409 | 416,489 | 349,137 | |||
| 1The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net asset position, while a minus sign indicates a net liability position. | |||||||||
| 2The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification. | |||||||||
| 3Revised. | |||||||||
| 4For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | |||||||||
| 5The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | |||||||||
| 6This covers residual FDI service activity. | |||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | |||||||||
| Table 8 Direct Investment1 in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Activity2 of Resident Enterprise | € million | ||||||||||||||
| Sector | NACE2 | 20173 | 2018 | ||||||||||||
| Total | of which: | Total | of which: | ||||||||||||
| Section & Division | United States | Japan | EU 284 | EMU 195 | Offshore Centres | United States | Japan | EU 284 | EMU 195 | Offshore Centres | |||||
| All Industries | 882,171 | 194,736 | 351 | 454,223 | 369,959 | 144,742 | 873,742 | 289,282 | 3,873 | 279,011 | 221,944 | 221,439 | |||
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing | A | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | ||
| Mining and Quarrying; Construction | B | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | * | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total Manufacturing | C | 270,145 | 113,458 | 381 | 34,308 | 35,271 | 80,661 | 314,602 | 109,900 | 14 | 38,948 | 40,186 | 131,987 | ||
| Food, beverages and tobacco products | 10, 11 & 12 | 4,206 | * | * | 3,277 | 7,078 | * | * | * | * | 3,501 | 7,667 | * | ||
| Textiles and wood | 13, 14 & 16 - 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations | 21 | 52,641 | 4,740 | 303 | 14,437 | 12,941 | 8,450 | 71,735 | 12,625 | 391 | 18,325 | 16,746 | 8,918 | ||
| Metal and mechanical products | 24, 25, 26 & 28 | * | * | * | 11,417 | * | * | * | * | * | 10,927 | 10,230 | * | ||
| Other manufacturing | * | 3,151 | -55 | 5,177 | * | 8,081 | 25,986 | 2,994 | -136 | 6,195 | 5,543 | 8,625 | |||
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply | D | * | * | * | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | * | * | 0 | ||
| Total Services Sector | 45 - 99 | 610,977 | 81,277 | -29 | 418,867 | 334,373 | 64,081 | 558,131 | 179,381 | 3,858 | 239,057 | 181,558 | 89,452 | ||
| Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles | G | 43,986 | 2,700 | * | 10,621 | 9,622 | * | 43,831 | * | * | 10,406 | 8,462 | * | ||
| Information and communication | J | 165,428 | 212 | -4 | 174,319 | 173,661 | -12,100 | 116,594 | * | * | 114,600 | 113,455 | -6,428 | ||
| Financial intermediation | 64 | 199,457 | 45,500 | * | 112,466 | 70,369 | 24,332 | 196,736 | 156,661 | * | -12,008 | -30,581 | 32,740 | ||
| of which: | |||||||||||||||
| Activities of holding companies | 64.2 | 20,300 | * | * | * | * | 7,111 | 18,752 | * | * | * | * | 6,533 | ||
| Insurance services | 65 | 25,918 | 5,013 | * | 15,705 | 13,754 | 3,443 | 24,892 | 4,363 | * | 16,807 | 14,980 | 2,842 | ||
| Administrative and support activities | N | 63,194 | 8,979 | 1,803 | 18,915 | -13,212 | 14,307 | 60,620 | 7,102 | 2,957 | 20,890 | -7,105 | 10,937 | ||
| Other services activities6 | 112,994 | 18,873 | -1 | 86,841 | 80,179 | * | 115,458 | 3,567 | 1 | 88,362 | 82,347 | * | |||
| 1The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'In Ireland' an entry without sign indicates a net liability position, while a minus sign indicates a net asset position. | |||||||||||||||
| 2The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification. | |||||||||||||||
| 3Revised. | |||||||||||||||
| 4For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | |||||||||||||||
| 5The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | |||||||||||||||
| 6This covers residual FDI service activity | |||||||||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | |||||||||||||||
| Table 9 Direct Investment Income1 Flows Classified by Geographic Location of Creditor/Debtor | € million | |||||||
| Region/Country | 20172 | 2018 | ||||||
| Inflows | Outflows | Net | Inflows | Outflows | Net | |||
| Europe | 19,573 | 48,354 | -28,781 | 20,212 | 53,057 | -32,845 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Belgium | 77 | 1,823 | -1,746 | 71 | 3,045 | -2,974 | ||
| France | 146 | 2,182 | -2,036 | 66 | 2,381 | -2,315 | ||
| Germany | 167 | 334 | -167 | -94 | 817 | -911 | ||
| Italy | 14 | 1,465 | -1,451 | 49 | 1,412 | -1,363 | ||
| Luxembourg | 9,615 | 11,013 | -1,398 | 9,451 | 12,449 | -2,998 | ||
| Netherlands | 5,080 | 8,019 | -2,939 | 6,973 | 7,940 | -967 | ||
| Spain | 5 | 505 | -500 | 2 | 463 | -461 | ||
| Switzerland | * | 8,145 | * | * | 11,515 | * | ||
| United Kingdom | 2,373 | 4,353 | -1,980 | 2,541 | 3,987 | -1,446 | ||
| EU 283 | 19,010 | 31,107 | -12,097 | 19,799 | 32,974 | -13,175 | ||
| EMU 194 | 15,483 | 25,458 | -9,975 | 16,875 | 28,529 | -11,654 | ||
| Americas | 4,169 | 22,624 | -18,455 | 1,369 | 22,068 | -20,699 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Canada | 30 | -16 | 46 | 55 | -49 | 104 | ||
| United States | 1,123 | 9,601 | -8,478 | -1,351 | 9,915 | -11,266 | ||
| Offshore centres | 2,865 | 13,044 | -10,179 | 2,526 | 12,200 | -9,674 | ||
| Asia | * | 1,075 | * | * | 1,483 | * | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Japan | 34 | 414 | -380 | 7 | 495 | -488 | ||
| Africa | * | * | -1 | * | 11 | * | ||
| Oceania and Polar Regions | 1 | * | * | -13 | -7 | -6 | ||
| Not geographically allocated5 | 608 | 545 | 63 | 336 | 382 | -46 | ||
| Total | 20,821 | 72,631 | -51,810 | 17,715 | 76,992 | -59,277 | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Offshore centres6 | 4,146 | 22,562 | -18,416 | 3,079 | 20,942 | -17,863 | ||
| 1Income on equity and other direct investment capital. | ||||||||
| 2Revised. | ||||||||
| 3For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area. | ||||||||
| 4The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. | ||||||||
| 5This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown. | ||||||||
| 6This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu and Samoa. | ||||||||
| *Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons. | ||||||||
The Foreign Direct Investment release updates the annual statistical series on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows and end-year stocks (or positions) for Ireland, broken down geographically by region and by country. The release includes tables with further analyses of the FDI flows and stocks presented by the principal economic activity (using NACE Rev.2 classification) of the resident direct investment enterprise. The statistics are methodologically consistent with the data already presented in the quarterly balance of payments and IIP releases. The statistics are also compatible with those supplied to Eurostat and the European Central Bank (ECB) and to other international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
For more detailed methodological information see:
Foreign Direct Investment - Background Notes (PDF 215KB)
Redomiciled PLCs in the Irish Balance of Payments
Hide Background Notes
Scan the QR code below to view this release online or go to
http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/fdi/foreigndirectinvestmentannual2018/
Show Table 1 - Direct Investment Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment
Hide Table 1 - Direct Investment Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment