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International Trade in Services 2021

Ireland’s International Trade in Services recorded a surplus of €0.6bn in 2021

CSO statistical publication, 08 December 2022, 11am

Key Findings

Ireland’s Trade in Services recorded a surplus of €0.6bn in 2021 up €72.3bn from a deficit of €71.7bn in 2020.
Total service exports increased by €38.9bn while total service imports decreased by €33.4bn in 2021.
US, UK, Germany and the Netherlands remained Ireland’s most significant trading partners.
Exports to Europe rose by €18.9bn to €150.7bn mainly due to increased computer service exports while exports to the US grew by €7.9bn to €41.1bn due to increased computer and business services exports in 2021.
Imports from Europe rose by €8.2bn to €75.7bn due to increased business and financial services imports while imports from the US rose by €40.2bn to €143.7bn due to a growth in royalty imports in 2021.
Computer services exports at €172.9bn remained the largest export category and Royalties/Licences service imports at €112.8bn was still the largest import category.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) today (08 December 2022) released the International Trade in Services 2021.

Commenting on the release, Annette Hayes, Statistician in the International Accounts Division said: "Ireland’s Trade in Services recorded a surplus of €0.6bn in 2021 up €72.3bn from a deficit of €71.7bn in 2020. This surplus was largely due to an increase in computer service exports of €35.4bn and a decrease in Research & Development (R&D) service imports related to Intellectual Property (IP) of €79.4bn. The US, UK, Germany and the Netherlands remained Ireland’s most significant trading partners".

International Trade in Services						€ million
	2020			2021
	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Total	254,750	326,465	-71,715	293,629	293,052	577
of which:
USA	33,230	103,427	-70,197	41,117	143,667	-102,550
UK	39,006	23,909	15,097	40,241	23,405	16,836
Germany	17,512	6,004	11,508	21,174	7,075	14,099
Netherlands	10,814	9,194	1,620	12,972	12,497	475

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2021 Headline Table (XLS 10KB)

	Exports	Imports
Europe	150687	75697
North America	44002	144642
Asia	61923	27247
Other	37017	45466

Service surplus of €577m in 2021

Total service exports increased by €38.9bn from €254.8bn in 2020 to €293.6bn in 2021. Total service imports decreased by €33.4bn from €326.5bn in 2020 to €293.1bn in 2021. The increase in service exports was principally due to increased computer service exports (+€35.4bn) while the decrease in service imports was predominantly due to decreased R&D service imports related to Intellectual Property (IP) (-€79.4bn). As a result, the services balance moved from a deficit of €71.7bn in 2020 to a surplus of €0.6bn in 2021. US, UK, Germany and the Netherlands remain Ireland’s most significant trading partners.

Computer services exports at €172.9bn remained the largest export category and accounted for 59 per cent of total service exports in 2021. Royalties/Licences service imports, at €112.8bn, along with R&D service imports at €46bn, were the largest import categories. When combined, these two import categories accounted for 54.2 per cent of total service imports in 2021 (see Table 1).

Service exports to Europe increased by €18.9bn to €150.7bn between 2020 and 2021.

Service exports to Europe (€150.7bn) increased by €18.9bn between 2020 and 2021 due mainly to increased Computer service exports (+€16.5bn). The increased Computer service exports were predominantly to Germany (+€3bn), the UK (+€2.6bn), the Netherlands (+€1.1bn) as well as France and Switzerland (+€1bn) respectively. (see Tables 2a & 2b).

Service exports to the US (€41.1bn) increased by €7.9bn in the same period, mainly in Other Business services (+€3.3bn) and Computer Services (+€2.1bn). Service exports to Japan (€11.5bn) and China (€9.4bn) increased by €1.4bn and €1.5bn respectively.

Services imports from the US increased by €40.2bn to €143.7bn between 2020 and 2021.

Services imports from Europe (€75.7bn) increased by €8.2bn between 2020 and 2021 mainly due to increased Other Business services imports (€4.7bn) and Financial services imports (€1.2bn). Service imports from Netherlands,Belgium, Switzerland and Germany increased by €3.3bn, €1.8bn, €1.2bn. and €1.1bn respectively.

In the same period, service imports from the US (€143.7bn) increased by €40.2bn due to increased Royalty imports (€37bn), while service imports from Offshore centres (€30.8bn) decreased by €76.1bn.

	2021
Luxembourg	321.2
Malta	229.9
Ireland	137.6
Cyprus	122.5
Belgium	46.1
Denmark	44.9
Switzerland	36.6
Netherlands	34.9
Greece	31.5
Austria	28.4
Hungary	25.5
European Union - 27	25.9
Portugal	20.5
Germany	18.2
France	17.1
Spain	13.6
Italy	10.5

Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category 2020 and 2021

Table 2A Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2021

Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2021																		€ million
Region/Country Exports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D		Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	150,687	968	2,479	799	10,691	15,892	6,125	106	89,423	5,592	18,611	1,255		5,624	*	*	294	*	7,928
of which:
Belgium	4,926	0	96	19	84	268	38	4	2,245	145	2,027	*		30	*	*	12	0	*
France	11,397	*	183	91	1,123	504	88	*	6,490	1,302	1,584	8		811	*	*	37	*	598
Germany	21,174	4	344	125	1,836	745	249	13	14,640	2,496	722	-59		242	*	*	28	*	208
Italy	9,388	*	164	61	3,144	623	*	2	3,897	692	652	-8		361	7	0	9	*	*
Luxembourg	1,189	101	4	5	54	2,351	26	0	*	*	425	*		31	*	0	*	0	365
Netherlands	12,972	*	124	37	181	1,560	*	8	5,644	300	1,127	*		176	43	*	16	0	468
Spain	4,403	*	128	71	225	295	72	*	2,419	514	674	*		375	33	*	17	*	249
Sweden	5,776	*	65	8	453	245	333	*	3,515	577	576	221		192	13	0	3	0	147
Switzerland	6,156	*	35	2	155	297	426	1	4,812	*	1,036	105		39	*	*	14	*	501
United Kingdom	40,241	479	1,022	286	2,622	8,066	533	70	17,627	4,413	5,122	160		787	*	*	122	*	3,204

EMU 19³	76,024	162	1,182	457	6,909	6,748	4,690	33	46,009	685	9,149	827		2,461	*	*	133	*	3,640
EU 27⁴	93,466	164	1,392	503	7,667	7,086	5,135	35	59,761	1,406	10,316	1,014		3,038	*	*	157	*	3,921

North America	44,002	*	146	588	1,460	2,250	*	*	11,546	9,188	11,324	3,406		1,532	3,050	*	*	*	*
of which:
Canada	2,884	0	3	142	14	122	*	*	407	1,142	831	-18		387	*	*	*	0	*
United States	41,117	*	143	446	1,446	2,128	*	23	11,139	8,046	10,493	3,424		1,144	*	*	*	*	2,783

Central America	3,997	*	0	3	242	*	*	*	1,491	-120	1,541	*		903	*	*	8	*	353
of which:
Bermuda	467	143	0	0	175	80	1	0	3	0	65	*		1	5	*	4	*	*

South America	2,828	0	2	13	55	*	*	0	1,428	35	1,201	*		1,058	*	0	*	0	*
of which:
Brazil	943	*	0	13	26	37	*	0	120	122	618	-14		542	0	0	*	*	*

Asia	61,923	40	0	513	1,017	706	1,260	57	47,477	99	10,753	-119		6,553	3,199	2	11	21	1,087
of which:
China	9,417	0	0	199	334	15	*	*	*	128	2,124	-4		1,526	177	0	*	*	417
Japan	11,497	0	0	4	45	187	*	1	*	938	*	-89		136	*	0	2	0	85
South Korea	2,815	0	0	3	*	27	38	11	*	718	544			462	*	0	0	*	*
Taiwan	1,434	0	0	0	4	64	*	1	*	225	284	*		267	*	0	*	*	16

Africa	4,801	1	0	29	93	308	*	*	*	240	622	-14		541	*	*	2	*	85
of which:
South Africa	2,622	1	0	3	36	186	*	0	*	233	84	*		37	*	0	*	0	58

Oceania and Polar regions	8,912	0	0	8	101	93	161	*	*	1,198	946	*		118	*	0	5	0	*
of which:
Australia	8,241	0	0	7	94	69	159	*	*	1,086	858	*		82	*	0	5	0	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	16,452	*	28	317	*	*	672	42	11,616	-3,485	4,860	1,599		560	329	64	1,494	104	710
International Organisations	27	*	0	0	*	*	*	0	0	7	0	*		0	0	*	*	0	0

Total	293,629	1,718	2,656	2,271	13,681	22,152	15,444	237	172,857	12,754	49,858	6,300		16,889	9,711	*	2,019	*	13,566
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	15,036	158	0	66	424	935	*	11	*	-1,313	2,286	38		1,026	*	*	9	*	472

													€ million
Region/Country Imports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D		Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	75,697	1,843	2,226	1,586	6,654	9,087	11,420	117	1,758	1,552	39,454	5,686		518	8,850	2,712	16,410	15	5,262
of which:
Belgium	5,842	83	98	12	45	11	*	0	*	*	5,509	*		0	*	*	1,113	0	795
France	4,808	*	117	115	576	216	240	*	150	16	2,930	116		64	784	71	1,637	2	256
Germany	7,075	131	197	46	1,708	21	14	2	190	43	4,723	195		*	1,452	239	2,193	*	636
Italy	3,673	407	65	90	1,054	*	*	0	53	1	1,445	81		*	540	20	437	*	360
Luxembourg	728	0	1	0	100	118	-6	*	13	*	451	*		0	429	*	*	*	13
Netherlands	12,497	*	434	56	82	15	*	0	162	138	5,270	*		2	*	*	*	1	131
Spain	2,135	*	42	303	108	51	*	*	22	13	1,020	76		1	240	*	567	*	120
Sweden	1,159	*	70	13	*	25	*	0	*	83	671	*		*	165	*	293	*	132
Switzerland	7,180	*	77	1	183	*	*	1	12	28	2,465	*		0	66	*	858	*	321
United Kingdom	23,405	121	788	699	1,790	7,822	290	70	380	1,056	10,391	654		*	2,942	465	4,344	*	1,841

EMU 19³	39,275	1,560	1,049	795	3,762	1,087	6,832	*	668	*	23,146	4,518		*	5,291	1,085	9,639	*	2,523
EU 27⁴	43,084	1,565	1,302	880	4,077	1,097	6,895	*	1,374	*	25,383	4,782		*	5,699	1,120	10,738	*	2,940

North America	144,642	*	884	307	1,625	7,305	*	202	4,951	62	38,598	17,764		*	12,965	3,300	*	*	4,362
of which:
Canada	976	*	44	58	13	9	*	1	127	1	405	117		0	64	55	*	*	161
United States	143,667	1,020	840	249	1,612	7,296	89,370	201	4,825	61	38,194	17,647		*	12,901	3,246	*	31	4,201

Central America	*	*	29	0	999	*	*	75	108	5	*	*		*	*	*	*	*	139
of which:
Bermuda	980	1	0	0	611	*	*	75	0	0	68	0		0	*	*	*	0	0

South America	*	0	62	0	33	*	*	0	27	2	*	*		*	*	*	*	0	54
of which:
Brazil	199	0	21	0	18	7	0	0	26	2	126	*		0	37	*	*	*	17

Asia	27,247	*	887	28	1,042	318	*	107	431	96	10,539	2,555		510	1,903	*	4,287	*	733
of which:
China	5,645	*	275	0	*	31	11	0	154	4	899	338		*	*	*	*	*	80
Japan	2,355	*	69	27	48	90	572	1	65	*	1,454	104		366	*	171	*	*	252
South Korea	225	*	72	0	*	2	0	0	9	0	62	5		4	*	*	*	*	27
Taiwan	608	*	38	0	*	4	0	0	1	0	*	*		*	*	*	*	0	*

Africa	745	*	28	0	80	5	0	*	5	2	598	*		0	111	*	407	0	48
of which:
South Africa	435	0	9	0	51	*	0	*	4	0	342	*		0	97	*	*	0	8

Oceania and Polar regions	1,706	*	10	9	91	*	147	*	24	2	1,412	*		*	122	104	*	0	67
of which:
Australia	1,656	*	6	8	88	*	147	3	24	1	1,371	*		0	122	104	*	0	72

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	630	237	*	2,220	1,635	219	1,036	199	*	*		616	*	*	4,214	*	*
International Organisations	*	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	0		*	*	*	*	*	*

Total	293,052	8,189	4,756	2,166	10,568	19,040	112,818	750	8,341	1,918	124,506	45,993		1,687	27,920	8,854	26,634	211	13,206
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	30,808	*	64	1	1,595	294	*	78	101	5	*	*		47	686	140	*	*	202

¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means.The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia,Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
⁷United States includes Peurto Rico
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2021 Table 2(A) (XLS 29KB)

Table 2B Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2020

Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2020¹																	€ million
Region/Country Exports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	131,764	865	2,217	788	8,710	13,713	5,217	122	72,943	5,743	21,445	*	5,799	2,781	*	563	*	7,220
of which:
Belgium	3,945	*	83	19	242	246	*	4	1,842	316	1,168	*	35	*	0	27	0	*
France	9,640	*	156	91	1,070	371	46	*	5,470	1,136	1,270	9	759	*	*	43	*	345
Germany	17,512	3	270	107	1,496	633	206	14	11,687	2,240	857	42	369	*	*	37	1	*
Italy	7,923	*	129	57	2,399	563	*	1	3,348	666	628	2	290	25	0	*	*	*
Luxembourg	-903	69	3	6	43	2,047	*	0	*	*	598	*	*	206	*	*	*	349
Netherlands	10,814	*	100	36	154	1,150	*	8	4,498	262	869	*	190	53	*	16	0	415
Spain	4,020	*	132	62	216	246	30	*	2,040	546	742	2	403	60	0	*	*	*
Sweden	4,512	*	66	10	240	186	*	1	2,764	442	490	*	207	*	*	7	0	120
Switzerland	6,842	*	39	2	163	275	147	1	3,713	*	1,462	17	62	154	*	8	*	1,092
United Kingdom	39,006	469	923	306	1,964	7,140	372	85	15,031	4,091	8,625	*	806	702	*	185	*	2,880

EMU 19³	62,554	133	987	418	5,846	5,630	*	33	37,428	*	8,036	480	2,534	*	*	*	*	2,713
EU 27⁴	76,325	135	1,179	476	6,375	5,908	4,674	35	48,161	209	9,174	618	3,195	*	*	*	*	2,919

North America	35,587	*	278	539	1,227	*	*	14	9,390	8,893	7,846	*	1,470	*	*	*	*	1,712
of which:
Canada	2,357	0	10	124	16	*	*	0	320	982	635	*	374	80	*	2	0	112
United States	33,230	*	268	414	1,212	1,902	*	14	9,068	7,911	7,210	*	1,096	*	*	*	*	1,599

Central America	4,312	*	0	5	243	*	*	0	*	-39	1,302	*	794	*	*	6	0	148
of which:
Bermuda	1,359	*	0	0	154	103	*	0	3	*	52	0	*	6	0	4	*	32

South America	2,333	*	7	14	55	*	*	0	*	48	999	*	945	*	0	*	*	44
of which:
Brazil	794	0	0	14	25	*	*	0	114	88	516	*	483	*	0	*	*	32

Asia	52,126	48	7	528	980	675	1,040	52	36,250	373	12,171	233	7,727	3,417	1	7	21	765
of which:
China	7,901	0	0	187	*	24	33	8	*	176	2,396	*	1,931	71	*	1	*	363
Japan	10,117	0	2	5	44	173	*	0	5,714	1,032	*	4	157	*	0	2	0	*
South Korea	2,742	0	0	3	*	27	32	10	*	*	624	*	540	*	0	0	*	*
Taiwan	1,383	0	0	0	4	58	*	1	*	167	289	*	273	*	0	0	0	*

Africa	4,151	*	0	23	62	253	*	4	*	170	710	0	639	*	*	*	*	*
of which:
South Africa	2,260	*	0	3	29	162	*	0	*	193	135	*	89	*	0	*	0	44

Oceania and Polar regions	7,001	0	1	9	104	*	147	6	*	1,066	820	*	177	*	0	3	0	*
of which:
Australia	6,474	0	1	7	97	*	139	6	*	967	732	*	136	*	0	3	0	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	17,436	*	97	188	*	2,183	693	50	8,944	-6,208	11,472	9,437	87	62	63	330	94	1,398
International Organisations	39	0	0	0	*	*	*	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	0

Total	254,750	1,991	2,608	2,095	11,414	19,437	12,720	246	137,414	10,055	56,767	17,665	17,638	8,079	*	1,044	*	11,498
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	13,048	*	0	67	437	888	856	10	*	-1,236	2,217	*	900	609	*	7	*	388

												€ million
Region/Country Imports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising and market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering and other technical services	Other

Europe	67,546	1,544	1,789	1,493	6,274	7,889	10,919	99	1,411	1,347	34,784	6,911	537	6,619	850	13,533	8	6,324
of which:
Belgium	4,038	65	78	16	43	13	*	0	*	14	3,708	*	0	140	*	1,262	0	1,013
France	4,226	*	116	128	591	200	224	*	125	12	2,426	83	*	679	71	1,276	*	264
Germany	6,004	143	177	59	1,596	33	32	1	133	42	3,788	175	*	885	127	1,833	*	*
Italy	3,378	464	57	81	990	*	*	1	32	0	1,180	52	*	429	*	309	*	358
Luxembourg	1,166	0	2	0	85	109	*	*	5	12	358	*	*	320	*	4	*	33
Netherlands	9,194	42	249	70	73	19	5,142	0	148	113	3,339	*	*	*	*	*	1	121
Spain	1,858	*	41	305	145	50	*	-1	11	7	878	37	13	231	22	450	*	*
Sweden	1,057	*	59	11	54	28	*	*	*	60	551	*	*	138	*	233	*	138
Switzerland	6,007	70	64	1	136	*	*	6	7	1	1,765	91	0	-83	*	741	*	1,008
United Kingdom	23,909	70	680	606	1,686	6,632	353	76	264	975	12,567	*	*	*	*	3,854	*	1,770

EMU 19³	32,255	1,375	792	802	3,618	1,012	6,425	*	475	*	17,479	2,952	87	3,518	357	7,605	5	2,955
EU 27⁴	35,744	*	1,003	883	3,952	1,037	6,484	*	1,134	368	19,466	3,160	106	3,928	392	8,537	5	3,338

North America	104,241	*	874	365	1,013	6,567	*	201	3,837	45	37,508	17,644	14	12,312	*	*	*	3,844
of which:
Canada	814	*	51	69	13	17	*	1	115	1	230	41	0	42	*	*	*	80
United States	103,427	1,136	823	296	1,000	6,550	52,378	200	3,722	44	37,278	17,603	14	12,270	3,353	*	*	3,764

Central America	95,425	*	21	0	939	*	*	26	*	4	82,256	81,750	*	*	*	*	0	143
of which:
Bermuda	49,201	*	0	0	804	*	*	26	0	0	47,889	47,835	*	10	*	*	0	6

South America	447	*	62	0	27	*	*	0	*	1	300	22	*	*	*	*	*	77
of which:
Brazil	227	*	20	0	16	*	0	0	*	1	157	11	0	*	48	*	*	18

Asia	23,500	*	615	9	1,032	343	*	*	329	82	9,273	1,548	261	2,171	*	3,953	*	668
of which:
China	5,081	*	251	0	*	*	13	14	130	3	768	273	*	*	*	*	*	88
Japan	2,020	*	77	8	*	96	556	3	37	1	1,149	93	84	*	170	*	*	252
South Korea	224	*	59	0	*	*	0	1	6	0	80	*	*	25	*	*	0	26
Taiwan	545	*	30	0	*	6	0	1	1	0	108	12	*	*	*	*	0	6

Africa	607	*	22	0	53	*	*	0	1	1	475	*	0	93	*	328	0	41
of which:
South Africa	340	0	6	0	35	20	0	0	0	0	279	*	0	76	*	*	*	19

Oceania and Polar regions	1,458	*	11	20	67	5	*	2	29	1	1,195	*	*	81	104	*	0	65
of which:
Australia	1,402	*	8	19	64	4	*	2	29	1	1,148	*	1	81	104	*	0	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	694	377	*	2,240	1,504	*	2,633	210	*	*	171	*	*	3,214	*	3,343
International Organisations	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	0	*	0	*	*	*	*	0	0

Total	326,465	7,361	4,088	2,263	9,400	17,235	84,342	679	8,342	1,692	191,062	122,478	1,061	23,328	*	22,335	*	14,505
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	106,923	*	64	1	1,424	261	18,614	*	72	4	85,931	81,793	105	1,766	206	*	*	*

¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2021 Table 2(B) (XLS 28KB)

Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by country 2020-2021

Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by country, 2020 and 2021						€ million
Region/Country	2020¹			2021
Region/Country	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Algeria	*	2	*	*	*	29
Angola	*	*	*	*	0	*
Argentina	286	117	168	301	88	213
Australia	6,474	1,402	5,072	8,241	1,656	6,585
Austria	1,773	634	1,139	1,839	620	1,218
Bahamas	15	*	*	12	*	*
Bahrain	125	*	*	133	*	*
Barbados	*	*	*	2	*	*
Belarus	191	8	183	242	2	240
Belgium	3,945	4,038	-93	4,926	5,842	-916
Bermuda	1,359	49,201	-47,842	467	980	-513
Bosnia and Herzegovina	*	1	*	*	1	*
Brazil	794	227	567	943	199	744
Virgin Islands, British	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bulgaria	124	24	100	114	28	86
Canada	2,357	814	1,543	2,884	976	1,909
Cambodia	76	4	72	*	5	*
Cayman Islands	571	*	*	705	*	*
Chile	495	43	452	670	*	*
China	7,901	5,081	2,820	9,417	5,645	3,772
Colombia	341	38	303	391	23	368
Costa Rica	64	106	-42	115	89	27
Croatia	217	32	185	254	48	206
Curacao	2	0	2	3	0	3
Cyprus	582	52	530	546	62	484
Czech Republic	718	366	353	904	362	542
Denmark	2,430	886	1,544	2,880	1,090	1,790
Dominican Republic	7	1	6	10	1	9
Ecuador	*	4	*	*	3	*
Egypt	682	114	568	805	88	717
El Salvador	1	1	1	1	1	1
Estonia	145	26	119	177	*	*
Ethiopia	251	*	*	257	2	255
Finland	1,799	*	*	1,940	682	1,258
France	9,640	4,226	5,414	11,397	4,808	6,590
Georgia	*	*	12	16	1	16
Germany	17,512	6,004	11,508	21,174	7,075	14,099
Gibraltar	182	*	*	223	*	*
Greece	713	148	564	854	193	662
Guernsey	81	15	67	86	15	71
Hong Kong	*	907	*	*	928	*
Hungary	3,114	96	3,017	4,292	105	4,187
Iceland	102	*	*	136	*	*
India	3,562	1,654	1,908	4,671	3,157	1,514
Indonesia	989	75	913	960	93	867
Isle of Man	105	78	27	50	78	-28
Israel	3,294	845	2,449	4,352	1,415	2,937
Italy	7,923	3,378	4,545	9,388	3,673	5,715
Jamaica	3	*	*	4	1	3
Japan	10,117	2,020	8,097	11,497	2,355	9,142
Jersey	106	*	*	114	*	*
Jordan	194	26	168	214	*	*
Kazakhstan	294	7	287	383	6	377
Kenya	205	24	181	229	49	181
South Korea	2,742	224	2,518	2,815	225	2,590
Kuwait	379	25	354	407	*	*
Latvia	238	16	222	285	20	265
Lebanon	*	38	*	*	24	*
Libya	35	*	*	38	*	*
Liechtenstein	50	*	*	60	*	*
Lithuania	228	25	203	304	49	255
Luxembourg	-903	1,166	-2,069	1,189	728	461
Macao	22	*	*	49	*	*
Malaysia	*	*	875	1,251	*	*
Malta	269	81	189	355	60	294
Marshall Islands	*	*	*	*	*	0
Mauritius	*	1	*	43	1	42
Mexico	1688	321	1367	1841	377	1464
Montenegro	*	*	*	*	*	*
Morocco	*	*	51	*	24	*
Myanmar	39	9	30	30	6	24
Netherlands	10,814	9,194	1,620	12,972	12,497	475
New Zealand	484	51	432	624	47	577
Nigeria	234	60	175	*	89	*
Norway	3,177	589	2,588	3,694	719	2,975
Oman	212	7	205	213	1	212
Pakistan	184	10	174	225	9	216
Panama	207	*	*	514	10	504
Peru	*	8	*	*	8	*
Philippines	201	526	-325	39	599	-560
Poland	2,164	778	1,386	2,617	764	1,853
Portugal	1,256	312	945	1,404	360	1,044
Qatar	915	15	900	1,133	16	1,117
Romania	465	249	216	554	253	301
Russian Federation	3,230	362	2,869	3,444	360	3,085
Rwanda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	1,435	363	1,072	1,663	361	1,302
Serbia	*	*	105	168	*	*
Singapore	3,132	9,641	-6,509	3,993	10,206	-6,212
Slovakia	82	80	2	197	152	45
Slovenia	256	28	228	334	30	304
South Africa	2,260	340	1,920	2,622	435	2,187
Spain	4,020	1,858	2,162	4,403	2,135	2,268
Sri Lanka	52	6	46	53	6	46
Sweden	4,512	1,057	3,455	5,776	1,159	4,617
Switzerland	6,842	6,007	835	6,156	7,180	-1,023
Taiwan	1,383	545	837	1,434	608	826
Thailand	1,824	139	1,685	*	122	*
Trinidad and Tobago	19	1	18	21	1	21
Tunisia	41	10	31	46	8	38
Turkey	1,501	198	1,303	1,737	161	1,575
Ukraine	645	48	597	785	11	774
United Arab Emirates	*	833	*	*	755	*
United Kingdom	39,006	23,909	15,098	40,241	23,405	16,836
United States	33,230	103,427	-70,197	41,117	143,667	-102,549
Uruguay	*	4	*	*	3	*
Venezuela	*	*	0	*	0	*
Viet Nam	2,317	51	2,266	*	64	*
Virgin Islands, US	*	0	*	*	0	*
International Organisations	39	*	*	27	*	*
Not geographically allocated²	19,698	*	*	18,793	*	*
Marginal trade³	655	76	579	881	80	801

World total	254,750	326,465	-71,715	293,629	293,052	577
¹Revised
²This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
³Subtotal for countries for which exports and imports are less than €10m.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in world total.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2021 Table 3 (XLS 16KB)

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International Trade in Services 2021