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Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2023 (Final) Q3 2023 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 4.6% in the 12 months to Q3 2023

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical publication, 28 November 2023, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €907.72 in Q3 2023, up 4.6% from €867.63 in Q3 2022.
Average hourly earnings rose by 6.2% to €27.82 in Q3 2023, from €26.19 in Q3 2022.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.6 in Q3 2023, down by 1.5% from the Q3 2022 hours of 33.1.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q3 2023 was 1.2%, lower than the 1.6% recorded at the end of Q3 2022, and slightly down from 1.3% at the end of Q2 2023.
Average hourly other labour costs grew by 12.9% to €4.65 in Q3 2023, from €4.12 in Q3 2022.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q3 2023 were €53.16 in Information & Communication, and €47.24 in Education.
The lowest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q3 2023 were €18.04 in Accommodation & Food Service Activities, and €24.74 in Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Services.
The Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 2.8% in Q3 2023, followed by 2.6% in the Public Administration & Defence sector.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (28 November 2023) issued Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 3 (Q3) 2023 and Final estimates for Q2 2023.

Commenting on the data, Louise Egan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Preliminary estimates for July, August, and September (Q3) 2023 show average weekly earnings were €907.72, up 4.6% compared with €867.63 in Q3 2022.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings increased across 12 out of 13 sectors in the year to Q3 2023. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q3 2023 was 10.6% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 6.2% to €27.82, while average weekly paid hours decreased by 1.5% to 32.6 in the year from Q3 2022 to Q3 2023. Over the five years from Q3 2018 to Q3 2023, average hourly earnings rose by 23.0% from €22.62 to €27.82, while average paid hours decreased 0.6% from 32.8 to 32.6 hours.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs rose by 12.9% across all economic sectors to €4.65 in Q3 2023 from €4.12 in Q3 2022, while average hourly total labour costs grew by 7.1% in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q3 2023 was the Information & Communication sector at €53.16. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €18.04.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q3 2023, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.2%, down from 1.3% at the end of Q2 2023 and down from 1.6% at the end of Q3 2022."

Preliminary Estimates Q3 2023

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q3 2022	867.63	26.19	30.31	33.1
Q3 2023	907.72	27.82	32.47	32.6
Annual % change	4.6	6.2	7.1	-1.5
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q2 2023	913.14	28.20	32.83	32.4
Q3 2023	925.66	28.66	33.60	32.3
Quarterly % change	1.4	1.6	2.3	-0.3

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2023 HLT (XLS 11KB)

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and P35 dataset for 2015-2018. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2018 was estimated to range from -3.8% to +0.1% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the Pension Levy.

See most recent analysis for 2015-2018 here. See also previous versions for 2009-2010 here (PDF 678KB) and for 2011-2014 here (PDF 686KB)

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €907.72 in Q3 2023, an increase of 4.6% when compared with €867.63 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q3 2023 in average weekly earnings was 10.6% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Services sector, with a rise from €563.11 to €623.04. The second largest increase was 7.7% in the Public Administration & Defence sector which rose from €1,020.17 to €1,098.50 over the year.

In the five years to Q3 2023, average weekly earnings rose by 22.2%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 6.2% to €27.82 in Q3 2023, while average weekly paid hours fell from 33.1 in Q3 2022 to 32.6 in Q3 2023. Over the five years from Q3 2018 to Q3 2023, average hourly earnings rose by 23.0% from €22.62 to €27.82, while average paid hours decreased 0.6% from 32.8 to 32.6 hours.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	29.7018504660181
Arts & entertainment	26.2671503556736
Health & social	23.7410172524676
Professional & technical	22.8252548897789
All sectors	22.2107034668462
Admin & support service	22.0722757469306
Accommodation & food	19.569232440654
Wholesale & retail	19.4146823645703
Financial & real estate	17.7666319674458
Industry	17.0466226557325
Construction	16.5751755498888
Public admin & defence	16.1856008122944
Education	15.1009606416713
Transportation	3.94159692100922

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q316	21.56	22.03
Q416	22.18	22.19
Q117	22.69	22.16
Q217	22.27	22.31
Q317	22.16	22.64
Q417	22.6	22.63
Q118	23.4	22.84
Q218	22.94	22.96
Q318	22.62	23.15
Q418	23.33	23.38
Q119	24.05	23.43
Q219	23.69	23.69
Q319	23.53	24.12
Q419	24.23	24.3
Q120	24.76	24.05
Q220	25.39	25.38
Q320	24.38	25.07
Q420	25.56	25.62
Q121	26.83	26.08
Q221	26.07	26.07
Q321	25.29	26.07
Q421	26.27	26.27
Q122	27.42	26.62
Q222	26.72	26.74
Q322	26.19	27.02
Q422	27.85	27.78
Q123	28.51	27.73
Q223	28.17	28.2
Q323	27.82	28.66

	Q3 2022	Q3 2023
Industry	25.37	26.81
Construction	24.15	25.25
Wholesale & retail	20.51	21.83
Transportation	22.99	23.15
Accommodation & food	14.93	16.24
Information & communication	40.05	40.81
Financial & real estate	34.55	36.1
Professional & technical	30.1	32.48
Admin & support service	21.38	22.51
Public admin & defence	28.28	30.17
Education	39.52	42.32
Health & social	25.45	27.47
Arts & entertainment	19.33	21.6
All sectors	26.19	27.82

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q316	32.6	32.4
Q416	32.4	32.3
Q117	32	32.5
Q217	32.4	32.4
Q317	32.4	32.2
Q417	32.4	32.3
Q118	31.8	32.2
Q218	32.5	32.5
Q318	32.8	32.6
Q418	32.5	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.5
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.4
Q419	32.5	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.4
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.3
Q420	33.1	32.9
Q121	32.1	32.5
Q221	32.6	32.7
Q321	33.1	32.8
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.8
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.8
Q422	32.4	32.2
Q123	32.4	32.9
Q223	32.3	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.3

Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €32.47 across all economic sectors in Q3 2023.

Information & Communication had the highest average for hourly total labour costs at €53.16, followed by €47.24 in the Education sector. The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were Accommodation & Food Services Activities at €18.04 and Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities at €24.74.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 24.3% over the five years to Q3 2023, from €26.12 per hour to €32.47. The percentage changes across the sectors ranged from 2.9% in Transportation & Storage to 33.1% in the Information & Communication sector.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	33.1329827197596
Arts & entertainment	28.3195020746888
Admin & support services	27.6606179499755
Professional & technical	26.6601243048741
Accommodation & food	26.5964912280702
All sectors	24.3108728943338
Wholesale & retail	22.3028543783261
Construction	21.8336886993604
Health & social	21.1439842209073
Financial & real estate	18.7088274044796
Public admin & defence	18.3826148913431
Education	18.2774161241863
Industry	17.9421457341633
Transportation	2.86684270086759

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings grew by 6.3% across the public sector in the year to Q3 2023, rising from €1,058.98 to €1,125.92. An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings in Q3 2023 in the public sector at €1,579.28. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €46.89 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q3 2022	Q3 2023
Civil service	1004.87	1072.28
Defence	900.33	944.54
Garda Siochana	1361.13	1579.28
Education	1093.92	1145.48
Regional bodies	904.98	948.67
Health	1042.91	1129.06
Semi-state	1119.05	1160.77
All public sector	1058.98	1125.92

	Q3 2022	Q3 2023
Civil service	44800	45800
Defence	9000	9700
Garda Siochana	14300	14300
Education	108800	110200
Regional bodies	35600	37700
Health	168000	163200
Semi-state	59200	61800

Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q3 2023, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was down at 1.2% from 1.6% in Q3 2022. It was slightly down from 1.3% recorded at the end of Q2 2023.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q3 2023 were 2.8% in Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities, followed by 2.6% in Public Administration & Defence.

There were 25,500 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q3 2023, down by 8,100 from the end of Q3 2022.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q316	1
Q416	0.9
Q117	1
Q217	1.1
Q317	1.1
Q417	1
Q118	1
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.4
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2

Tables

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	875.54	883.24	890.24	945.34	970.62	1,042.99	1,024.79	-18.20	-1.7	54.17	5.6
F	Construction	796.07	804.64	818.03	869.54	920.83	900.39	928.02	27.63	3.1	7.19	0.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	566.53	597.26	605.19	629.32	645.48	673.53	676.52	2.99	0.4	31.04	4.8
H	Transportation and storage	818.45	833.22	780.66	778.36	850.90	890.41	850.71	-39.70	-4.5	-0.19	0.0
I	Accommodation and food services	368.18	376.82	387.95	403.83	421.93	432.25	440.23	7.98	1.8	18.30	4.3
J	Information and communication	1,175.92	1,241.45	1,270.40	1,335.88	1,493.83	1,554.55	1,525.19	-29.36	-1.9	31.36	2.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,056.70	1,090.20	1,119.87	1,154.70	1,211.93	1,336.21	1,244.44	-91.77	-6.9	32.51	2.7
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	901.37	948.00	906.67	1,031.24	1,034.48	1,118.99	1,107.11	-11.88	-1.1	72.63	7.0
N	Administrative and support services	575.02	607.68	624.16	682.17	685.32	714.50	701.94	-12.56	-1.8	16.62	2.4
O	Public administration and defence	945.47	966.73	978.47	1,006.19	1,020.17	1,112.23	1,098.50	-13.73	-1.2	78.33	7.7
P	Education	857.76	865.60	901.01	961.73	947.24	946.03	987.29	41.26	4.4	40.05	4.2
Q	Human health and social work	715.26	727.10	758.21	809.06	826.43	858.30	885.07	26.77	3.1	58.64	7.1
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	493.43	494.22	518.58	552.44	563.11	608.66	623.04	14.38	2.4	59.93	10.6
All Sectors		742.75	769.14	794.89	837.61	867.63	911.01	907.72	-3.29	-0.4	40.09	4.6
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		681.70	709.30	731.11	773.44	811.49	852.59	843.40	-9.19	-1.1	31.91	3.9
Public sector²		960.14	972.76	997.24	1,050.48	1,058.98	1,105.71	1,125.92	20.21	1.8	66.94	6.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		586.35	608.02	625.73	655.49	688.26	730.52	734.76	4.24	0.6	46.50	6.8
50-250 employees		684.16	706.26	738.28	780.57	807.14	849.85	826.13	-23.72	-2.8	18.99	2.4
Greater than 250 employees		871.79	900.75	923.61	971.48	999.94	1,041.04	1,042.15	1.11	0.1	42.21	4.2
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2023 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	22.70	23.00	23.55	24.56	25.37	27.49	26.81	-0.68	-2.5	1.44	5.7
F	Construction	20.92	21.42	21.83	23.23	24.15	24.62	25.25	0.63	2.6	1.10	4.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	17.88	19.15	19.15	19.73	20.51	22.23	21.83	-0.40	-1.8	1.32	6.4
H	Transportation and storage	22.77	23.24	21.29	21.87	22.99	24.36	23.15	-1.21	-5.0	0.16	0.7
I	Accommodation and food services	12.87	13.37	15.38	14.52	14.93	15.93	16.24	0.31	1.9	1.31	8.8
J	Information and communication	31.93	33.41	34.91	35.60	40.05	41.61	40.81	-0.80	-1.9	0.76	1.9
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	30.02	30.99	32.13	33.15	34.55	38.27	36.10	-2.17	-5.7	1.55	4.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	26.47	27.63	26.69	29.56	30.10	32.43	32.48	0.05	0.2	2.38	7.9
N	Administrative and support services	17.90	18.70	19.71	20.89	21.38	22.64	22.51	-0.13	-0.6	1.13	5.3
O	Public administration and defence	25.71	25.96	26.43	27.91	28.28	31.13	30.17	-0.96	-3.1	1.89	6.7
P	Education	36.10	37.15	37.97	39.13	39.52	40.80	42.32	1.52	3.7	2.80	7.1
Q	Human health and social work	22.79	23.41	24.16	24.60	25.45	27.41	27.47	0.06	0.2	2.02	7.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.02	17.80	18.12	19.19	19.33	21.52	21.60	0.08	0.4	2.27	11.7
All Sectors		22.62	23.53	24.38	25.29	26.19	28.17	27.82	-0.35	-1.2	1.63	6.2
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		20.72	21.69	22.45	23.30	24.43	26.20	25.85	-0.35	-1.3	1.42	5.8
Public sector²		29.44	29.82	30.45	31.93	32.24	34.89	34.49	-0.40	-1.1	2.25	7.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		18.82	19.59	19.96	20.72	21.78	23.76	23.83	0.07	0.3	2.05	9.4
50-250 employees		20.39	21.25	22.85	23.09	23.94	25.69	25.05	-0.64	-2.5	1.11	4.6
Greater than 250 employees		25.86	26.81	27.55	28.74	29.53	31.52	31.04	-0.48	-1.5	1.51	5.1
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2023 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	38.6	38.4	37.8	38.5	38.3	37.9	38.2	0.3	0.8	-0.1	-0.3
F	Construction	38.0	37.6	37.5	37.4	38.1	36.6	36.8	0.2	0.5	-1.3	-3.4
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	31.7	31.2	31.6	31.9	31.5	30.3	31.0	0.7	2.3	-0.5	-1.6
H	Transportation and storage	35.9	35.9	36.7	35.6	37.0	36.5	36.7	0.2	0.5	-0.3	-0.8
I	Accommodation and food services	28.6	28.2	25.2	27.8	28.3	27.1	27.1	-	-	-1.2	-4.2
J	Information and communication	36.8	37.2	36.4	37.5	37.3	37.4	37.4	-	-	0.1	0.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	35.2	35.2	34.9	34.8	35.1	34.9	34.5	-0.4	-1.1	-0.6	-1.7
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	34.1	34.3	34.0	34.9	34.4	34.5	34.1	-0.4	-1.2	-0.3	-0.9
N	Administrative and support services	32.1	32.5	31.7	32.7	32.1	31.6	31.2	-0.4	-1.3	-0.9	-2.8
O	Public administration and defence	36.8	37.2	37.0	36.1	36.1	35.7	36.4	0.7	2.0	0.3	0.8
P	Education	23.8	23.3	23.7	24.6	24.0	23.2	23.3	0.1	0.4	-0.7	-2.9
Q	Human health and social work	31.4	31.1	31.4	32.9	32.5	31.3	32.2	0.9	2.9	-0.3	-0.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	29.0	27.8	28.6	28.8	29.1	28.3	28.8	0.5	1.8	-0.3	-1.0
All Sectors		32.8	32.7	32.6	33.1	33.1	32.3	32.6	0.3	0.9	-0.5	-1.5
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.9	32.7	32.6	33.2	33.2	32.5	32.6	0.1	0.3	-0.6	-1.8
Public sector²		32.6	32.6	32.8	32.9	32.8	31.7	32.6	0.9	2.8	-0.2	-0.6
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		31.2	31.0	31.3	31.6	31.6	30.8	30.8	-	-	-0.8	-2.5
50-250 employees		33.6	33.2	32.3	33.8	33.7	33.1	33.0	-0.1	-0.3	-0.7	-2.1
Greater than 250 employees		33.7	33.6	33.5	33.8	33.9	33.0	33.6	0.6	1.8	-0.3	-0.9
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2023 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
Q1 2008	704.60	32.7	21.56	3.51	25.07	707.29	32.9	21.37	3.52	24.83
Q2 2008	705.28	32.8	21.50	3.40	24.90	707.54	32.8	21.56	3.41	25.00
Q3 2008	696.11	32.8	21.20	3.41	24.61	700.65	32.5	21.60	3.50	25.06
Q4 2008	721.89	32.5	22.24	3.60	25.84	712.52	32.3	21.98	3.50	25.54
Q1 2009	709.55	31.6	22.44	3.59	26.03	711.97	32.2	22.25	3.60	25.78
Q2 2009	700.75	31.9	22.00	3.64	25.64	703.01	31.9	22.07	3.65	25.74
Q3 2009	698.47	31.9	21.88	3.49	25.37	702.74	31.6	22.25	3.58	25.83
Q4 2009	721.28	32.1	22.50	3.66	26.16	712.84	31.9	22.27	3.55	25.87
Q1 2010	689.32	31.0	22.21	3.36	25.58	691.02	31.5	22.02	3.36	25.32
Q2 2010	696.90	31.6	22.03	3.30	25.33	698.97	31.6	22.08	3.31	25.42
Q3 2010	700.23	32.2	21.78	3.14	24.91	704.20	31.9	22.11	3.23	25.35
Q4 2010	704.11	31.8	22.14	3.27	25.41	697.43	31.7	21.98	3.16	25.16
Q1 2011	684.87	30.9	22.18	3.13	25.31	685.40	31.4	21.96	3.13	25.04
Q2 2011	687.49	31.4	21.90	3.14	25.04	689.14	31.4	21.93	3.16	25.11
Q3 2011	686.59	31.8	21.57	3.08	24.65	690.60	31.5	21.89	3.18	25.09
Q4 2011	696.84	31.6	22.06	3.29	25.35	691.80	31.5	21.98	3.18	25.13
Q1 2012	698.71	31.4	22.25	3.25	25.50	697.97	31.5	21.98	3.24	25.20
Q2 2012	691.62	31.5	21.96	3.28	25.24	692.44	31.5	21.96	3.30	25.30
Q3 2012	692.13	31.7	21.82	3.31	25.12	697.05	31.4	22.15	3.41	25.59
Q4 2012	691.84	31.6	21.90	3.59	25.49	688.13	31.5	21.89	3.48	25.31
Q1 2013	693.21	31.2	22.24	3.46	25.70	690.88	31.7	21.90	3.45	25.35
Q2 2013	695.65	31.6	22.02	3.32	25.34	695.92	31.6	22.01	3.34	25.39
Q3 2013	682.79	31.7	21.53	3.23	24.77	688.84	31.5	21.90	3.33	25.25
Q4 2013	694.03	31.7	21.89	3.73	25.62	691.02	31.6	21.91	3.63	25.47
Q1 2014	699.67	31.3	22.37	3.41	25.78	695.90	31.7	21.95	3.39	25.38
Q2 2014	694.08	31.8	21.81	3.38	25.19	693.94	31.8	21.81	3.40	25.23
Q3 2014	676.58	31.9	21.20	3.27	24.47	683.85	31.7	21.62	3.37	24.97
Q4 2014	702.07	31.8	22.05	3.51	25.56	699.33	31.7	22.07	3.42	25.44
Q1 2015	701.11	31.4	22.30	3.46	25.76	696.04	31.8	21.83	3.44	25.31
Q2 2015	699.22	32.0	21.86	3.45	25.31	699.15	32.0	21.88	3.46	25.36
Q3 2015	692.79	32.2	21.50	3.35	24.84	701.02	32.0	21.95	3.44	25.37
Q4 2015	711.23	32.5	21.91	3.46	25.37	708.65	32.4	21.93	3.38	25.27
Q1 2016	714.26	31.7	22.55	3.51	26.06	708.26	31.8	22.04	3.49	25.57
Q2 2016	706.33	32.1	21.97	3.48	25.45	706.21	32.1	22.00	3.48	25.50
Q3 2016	702.97	32.6	21.56	3.47	25.04	711.84	32.4	22.03	3.56	25.59
Q4 2016	717.52	32.4	22.18	3.58	25.76	715.39	32.3	22.19	3.51	25.68
Q1 2017	725.12	32.0	22.69	3.53	26.22	718.02	32.5	22.16	3.52	25.69
Q2 2017	720.52	32.4	22.27	3.59	25.86	720.58	32.4	22.31	3.58	25.91
Q3 2017	717.55	32.4	22.16	3.50	25.65	726.74	32.2	22.64	3.59	26.22
Q4 2017	731.86	32.4	22.60	3.70	26.31	730.54	32.3	22.63	3.64	26.25
Q1 2018	744.76	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.06	736.38	32.2	22.84	3.64	26.47
Q2 2018	745.09	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.57	745.02	32.5	22.96	3.61	26.61
Q3 2018	742.75	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.85	32.6	23.15	3.60	26.75
Q4 2018	757.21	32.5	23.33	3.67	27.00	756.61	32.4	23.38	3.61	26.97
Q1 2019	771.60	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.53	32.5	23.43	3.68	27.09
Q2 2019	771.63	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.51	771.52	32.6	23.69	3.78	27.53
Q3 2019	769.14	32.7	23.53	3.77	27.31	780.65	32.4	24.12	3.88	28.04
Q4 2019	786.33	32.5	24.23	3.96	28.19	785.97	32.4	24.30	3.90	28.13
Q1 2020	800.31	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.62	788.44	32.4	24.05	3.84	27.91
Q2 2020	817.55	32.2	25.39	2.29	27.68	817.63	32.2	25.38	2.25	27.67
Q3 2020	794.89	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.07	808.18	32.3	25.07	2.81	27.87
Q4 2020	847.21	33.1	25.56	2.51	28.07	846.37	32.9	25.62	2.45	28.00
Q1 2021	860.19	32.1	26.83	2.67	29.51	847.21	32.5	26.08	2.66	28.78
Q2 2021	850.81	32.6	26.07	2.91	28.98	851.47	32.7	26.07	2.87	28.95
Q3 2021	837.61	33.1	25.29	2.57	27.86	852.83	32.8	26.07	2.71	28.75
Q4 2021	863.70	32.9	26.27	3.28	29.55	862.09	32.7	26.27	3.21	29.45
Q1 2022	885.33	32.3	27.42	3.60	31.02	869.90	32.8	26.62	3.57	30.21
Q2 2022	871.93	32.6	26.72	4.22	30.94	873.34	32.7	26.74	4.17	30.89
Q3 2022	867.63	33.1	26.19	4.12	30.31	884.35	32.8	27.02	4.27	31.34
Q4 2022	902.56	32.4	27.85	4.60	32.45	899.99	32.2	27.78	4.53	32.31
Q1 2023	924.24	32.4	28.51	4.59	33.10	907.60	32.9	27.73	4.56	32.23
Q2 2023	911.01	32.3	28.17	4.74	32.90	913.14	32.4	28.20	4.69	32.83
Q3 2023¹	907.72	32.6	27.82	4.65	32.47	925.66	32.3	28.66	4.80	33.60
¹Preliminary Estimates

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	21.70	22.11	22.58	23.43	24.25	25.65	25.65	-	-	1.40	5.8
F	Construction	20.40	21.04	21.25	22.78	23.88	23.96	24.71	0.75	3.1	0.83	3.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	17.23	18.20	18.34	18.89	19.51	20.67	20.67	-	-	1.16	5.9
H	Transportation and storage	21.76	22.35	20.33	20.76	21.75	22.68	22.25	-0.43	-1.9	0.50	2.3
I	Accommodation and food services	12.61	13.12	14.91	14.30	14.65	15.45	15.89	0.44	2.8	1.24	8.5
J	Information and communication	27.48	28.18	29.28	29.96	33.31	35.39	35.44	0.05	0.1	2.13	6.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	29.12	30.12	31.01	32.01	33.12	35.39	34.58	-0.81	-2.3	1.46	4.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	24.92	26.26	25.58	27.87	28.44	30.06	30.22	0.16	0.5	1.78	6.3
N	Administrative and support services	16.96	17.72	18.70	19.50	20.12	21.32	21.37	0.05	0.2	1.25	6.2
O	Public administration and defence	24.60	24.86	25.17	26.66	27.21	29.42	29.12	-0.30	-1.0	1.91	7.0
P	Education	35.78	36.72	37.73	38.75	38.63	40.50	41.81	1.31	3.2	3.18	8.2
Q	Human health and social work	21.83	22.43	23.21	23.72	24.46	26.22	26.51	0.29	1.1	2.05	8.4
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	16.52	17.27	17.81	18.89	19.00	20.98	20.79	-0.19	-0.9	1.79	9.4
All Sectors		21.64	22.49	23.29	24.13	24.90	26.45	26.53	0.08	0.3	1.63	6.5
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		19.78	20.68	21.36	22.11	23.14	24.43	24.51	0.08	0.3	1.37	5.9
Public sector³		28.31	28.68	29.37	30.87	30.96	33.38	33.37	-0.01	0.0	2.41	7.8
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		18.28	19.04	19.32	20.12	21.11	22.66	22.82	0.16	0.7	1.71	8.1
50-250 employees		19.65	20.49	21.95	22.19	22.98	24.04	24.08	0.04	0.2	1.10	4.8
Greater than 250 employees		24.52	25.36	26.13	27.15	27.76	29.45	29.47	0.02	0.1	1.71	6.2
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹- Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	1.01	0.90	0.97	1.13	1.12	1.85	1.16	-0.69	0.04
F	Construction	0.52	0.38	0.59	0.45	0.28	0.66	0.54	-0.12	0.26
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.66	0.95	0.80	0.84	1.00	1.56	1.15	-0.41	0.15
H	Transportation and storage	1.01	0.89	0.97	1.11	1.24	1.68	0.90	-0.78	-0.34
I	Accommodation and food services	0.26	0.25	0.47	0.21	0.28	0.47	0.35	-0.12	0.07
J	Information and communication	4.45	5.23	5.63	5.64	6.74	6.22	5.38	-0.84	-1.36
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.90	0.87	1.12	1.14	1.43	2.89	1.52	-1.37	0.09
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.55	1.36	1.11	1.69	1.66	2.37	2.26	-0.11	0.60
N	Administrative and support services	0.94	0.98	1.01	1.39	1.26	1.31	1.14	-0.17	-0.12
O	Public administration and defence	1.12	1.10	1.26	1.25	1.07	1.71	1.06	-0.65	-0.01
P	Education	0.33	0.43	0.23	0.38	0.88	0.31	0.51	0.20	-0.37
Q	Human health and social work	0.96	0.98	0.95	0.87	0.99	1.19	0.96	-0.23	-0.03
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.50	0.53	0.30	0.30	0.34	0.55	0.81	0.26	0.47
All Sectors		0.98	1.04	1.09	1.16	1.29	1.71	1.29	-0.42	-
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.94	1.02	1.09	1.19	1.30	1.77	1.34	-0.43	0.04
Public sector³		1.12	1.13	1.07	1.06	1.28	1.50	1.12	-0.38	-0.16
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.54	0.55	0.64	0.60	0.67	1.10	1.01	-0.09	0.34
50-250 employees		0.74	0.76	0.90	0.90	0.96	1.66	0.97	-0.69	0.01
Greater than 250 employees		1.35	1.45	1.42	1.58	1.77	2.07	1.56	-0.51	-0.21
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	4.61	5.22	4.13	4.38	5.02	6.02	5.40	-0.62	-10.3	0.38	7.6
F	Construction	2.53	2.65	1.29	0.95	3.20	3.65	3.32	-0.33	-9.0	0.12	3.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	2.79	3.04	1.81	2.17	3.08	3.65	3.46	-0.19	-5.2	0.38	12.3
H	Transportation and storage	3.74	3.72	2.71	1.34	3.75	3.95	4.12	0.17	4.3	0.37	9.9
I	Accommodation and food services	1.38	1.44	-5.77	-6.72	1.51	1.69	1.79	0.10	5.9	0.28	18.5
J	Information and communication	7.99	7.81	7.86	9.10	9.70	11.21	12.35	1.14	10.2	2.65	27.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	7.93	7.94	7.57	8.26	8.45	9.57	8.96	-0.61	-6.4	0.51	6.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	4.10	4.53	2.93	4.19	5.33	5.73	6.24	0.51	8.9	0.91	17.1
N	Administrative and support services	2.49	3.14	1.91	1.89	2.96	4.02	3.52	-0.50	-12.4	0.56	18.9
O	Public administration and defence	2.36	2.47	2.61	2.65	2.85	3.13	3.06	-0.07	-2.2	0.21	7.4
P	Education	3.84	4.03	4.03	3.60	4.51	4.76	4.91	0.15	3.2	0.40	8.9
Q	Human health and social work	2.56	2.66	2.54	2.07	2.89	3.25	3.24	-0.01	-0.3	0.35	12.1
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	2.26	2.51	-0.62	-2.05	2.91	3.08	3.14	0.06	1.9	0.23	7.9
All Sectors		3.50	3.77	2.69	2.57	4.12	4.74	4.65	-0.09	-1.9	0.53	12.9
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		3.56	3.87	2.42	2.29	4.22	4.92	4.82	-0.10	-2.0	0.60	14.2
Public sector		3.30	3.44	3.55	3.52	3.78	4.10	4.09	-0.01	-0.2	0.31	8.2
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		2.45	2.60	0.19	-0.13	2.91	3.41	3.50	0.09	2.6	0.59	20.3
50-250 employees		3.27	3.43	2.48	1.68	3.88	4.37	4.11	-0.26	-5.9	0.23	5.9
Greater than 250 employees		4.25	4.63	4.27	4.47	4.91	5.61	5.49	-0.12	-2.1	0.58	11.8
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹- Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.20	0.19	0.18	0.18	0.21	0.63	0.22	-0.41	0.01
F	Construction	0.06	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.17	0.10	-0.07	-
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.26	0.33	0.28	0.31	0.31	0.48	0.32	-0.16	0.01
H	Transportation and storage	0.11	0.11	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.11	0.03	0.01
I	Accommodation and food services	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.02	-0.02	0.01
J	Information and communication	2.29	1.79	2.26	3.39	2.49	3.39	4.25	0.86	1.76
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.87	0.64	0.59	0.75	0.46	0.66	0.46	-0.20	-
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.22	0.44	0.24	0.30	0.37	0.38	0.32	-0.06	-0.05
N	Administrative and support services	0.15	0.50	0.25	0.23	0.10	0.78	0.36	-0.42	0.26
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-
P	Education	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	-
Q	Human health and social work	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.13	0.08	0.12	0.13	0.01	0.05
All Sectors		0.25	0.27	0.25	0.34	0.28	0.47	0.41	-0.06	0.13
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.32	0.34	0.33	0.44	0.36	0.61	0.52	-0.09	0.16
Public sector		0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-0.01
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.14	0.18	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.16	0.14	-0.02	0.01
50-250 employees		0.24	0.20	0.27	0.23	0.22	0.39	0.31	-0.08	0.09
Greater than 250 employees		0.34	0.35	0.32	0.49	0.39	0.68	0.59	-0.09	0.20
¹ Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹- Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	27.31	28.22	27.68	28.94	30.39	33.52	32.21	-1.31	-3.9	1.82	6.0
F	Construction	23.45	24.07	23.12	24.18	27.35	28.27	28.57	0.30	1.1	1.22	4.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	20.67	22.19	20.95	21.90	23.59	25.88	25.28	-0.60	-2.3	1.69	7.2
H	Transportation and storage	26.51	26.96	24.00	23.21	26.75	28.31	27.27	-1.04	-3.7	0.52	1.9
I	Accommodation and food services	14.25	14.80	9.61	7.80	16.44	17.62	18.04	0.42	2.4	1.60	9.7
J	Information and communication	39.93	41.22	42.77	44.71	49.76	52.83	53.16	0.33	0.6	3.40	6.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	37.95	38.93	39.70	41.41	43.00	47.85	45.05	-2.80	-5.9	2.05	4.8
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	30.57	32.16	29.62	33.75	35.43	38.16	38.72	0.56	1.5	3.29	9.3
N	Administrative and support services	20.39	21.85	21.62	22.78	24.34	26.66	26.03	-0.63	-2.4	1.69	6.9
O	Public administration and defence	28.07	28.44	29.04	30.56	31.13	34.26	33.23	-1.03	-3.0	2.10	6.7
P	Education	39.94	41.18	41.99	42.73	44.03	45.57	47.24	1.67	3.7	3.21	7.3
Q	Human health and social work	25.35	26.07	26.70	26.66	28.34	30.66	30.71	0.05	0.2	2.37	8.4
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	19.28	20.31	17.50	17.14	22.25	24.60	24.74	0.14	0.6	2.49	11.2
All Sectors		26.12	27.31	27.07	27.86	30.31	32.90	32.47	-0.43	-1.3	2.16	7.1
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		24.28	25.56	24.87	25.59	28.66	31.13	30.67	-0.46	-1.5	2.01	7.0
Public sector		32.73	33.25	34.00	35.45	36.02	38.99	38.58	-0.41	-1.1	2.56	7.1
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		21.26	22.18	20.15	20.59	24.69	27.17	27.33	0.16	0.6	2.64	10.7
50-250 employees		23.66	24.68	25.33	24.77	27.82	30.06	29.15	-0.91	-3.0	1.33	4.8
Greater than 250 employees		30.12	31.45	31.82	33.21	34.43	37.13	36.53	-0.60	-1.6	2.10	6.1
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3
B-E	Industry	226,400	232,600	231,200	238,300	244,000	247,800	267,300	252,900	260,600
F	Construction	87,600	91,100	109,600	111,600	107,200	112,500	134,100	139,100	133,700
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	299,700	306,300	302,800	301,900	310,400	311,500	318,600	340,500	324,800
H	Transportation and storage	68,300	69,000	78,000	83,300	81,600	87,000	85,000	90,100	89,400
I	Accommodation and food services	165,700	171,600	186,100	181,900	150,900	182,700	173,200	183,700	189,700
J	Information and communication	66,800	72,200	76,400	81,300	79,800	92,900	101,300	110,700	111,600
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	93,500	93,600	87,400	98,200	104,100	119,500	109,600	116,900	113,200
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	96,700	93,100	94,800	92,200	101,300	117,800	117,700	128,800	132,700
N	Administrative and support services	80,400	91,000	102,800	108,300	88,400	97,700	105,900	105,700	105,200
O	Public administration and defence	111,000	115,800	125,900	139,000	144,500	150,700	160,300	171,600	162,000
P	Education	136,400	147,000	158,600	169,200	172,300	190,500	189,200	199,300	200,800
Q	Human health and social work	234,800	240,700	240,600	252,800	248,400	263,000	286,900	299,600	301,200
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	54,500	53,900	59,300	55,800	53,100	52,400	51,500	53,200	54,500
All Sectors		1,721,900	1,777,900	1,853,500	1,913,900	1,885,900	2,026,100	2,100,600	2,192,200	2,179,400
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,338,900	1,385,600	1,453,700	1,506,200	1,478,200	1,607,000	1,660,900	1,748,100	1,736,700
Public sector		382,900	392,300	399,800	407,700	407,700	419,100	439,700	444,100	442,700
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q2 2023			Final Q2 2023			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
B-E	Industry	1,050.39	27.76	37.8	1,042.99	27.49	37.9	-0.7	-1.0	0.3
F	Construction	909.79	24.76	36.7	900.39	24.62	36.6	-1.0	-0.6	-0.3
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	668.83	22.05	30.3	673.53	22.23	30.3	0.7	0.8	0.0
H	Transportation and storage	887.87	24.25	36.6	890.41	24.36	36.5	0.3	0.5	-0.3
I	Accommodation and food services	431.85	15.89	27.2	432.25	15.93	27.1	0.1	0.3	-0.4
J	Information and communication	1,531.79	40.97	37.4	1,554.55	41.61	37.4	1.5	1.6	0.0
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,339.81	38.55	34.8	1,336.21	38.27	34.9	-0.3	-0.7	0.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,113.75	31.96	34.9	1,118.99	32.43	34.5	0.5	1.5	-1.1
N	Administrative and support services	712.47	22.62	31.5	714.50	22.64	31.6	0.3	0.1	0.3
O	Public administration and defence	1,112.18	31.21	35.6	1,112.23	31.13	35.7	0.0	-0.3	0.3
P	Education	950.35	40.59	23.4	946.03	40.80	23.2	-0.5	0.5	-0.9
Q	Human health and social work	854.76	27.21	31.4	858.30	27.41	31.3	0.4	0.7	-0.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	601.17	21.04	28.6	608.66	21.52	28.3	1.2	2.3	-1.0
Total		909.77	28.07	32.4	911.01	28.17	32.3	0.1	0.4	-0.3
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		850.82	26.10	32.6	852.59	26.20	32.5	0.2	0.4	-0.3
Public sector		1,107.20	34.83	31.8	1,105.71	34.89	31.7	-0.1	0.2	-0.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		724.76	23.50	30.8	730.52	23.76	30.8	0.8	1.1	0.0
50-250 employees		850.41	25.75	33.0	849.85	25.69	33.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.3
Greater than 250 employees		1,042.00	31.45	33.1	1,041.04	31.52	33.0	-0.1	0.2	-0.3
¹See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	912.13	926.60	918.01	948.99	1,004.87	1,067.75	1,072.28	4.53	0.4	67.41	6.7
Defence	859.94	873.17	971.23	976.12	900.33	928.42	944.54	16.12	1.7	44.21	4.9
Garda Siochana	1,325.13	1,340.20	1,254.37	1,440.70	1,361.13	1,732.43	1,579.28	-153.15	-8.8	218.15	16.0
Education	995.93	1,005.68	1,038.12	1,104.12	1,093.92	1,088.43	1,145.48	57.05	5.2	51.56	4.7
Regional bodies	828.18	859.41	901.94	873.38	904.98	965.36	948.67	-16.69	-1.7	43.69	4.8
Health	906.31	919.34	958.64	1,040.10	1,042.91	1,091.51	1,129.06	37.55	3.4	86.15	8.3
Semi-state	1,039.17	1,040.97	1,050.69	1,059.13	1,119.05	1,169.68	1,160.77	-8.91	-0.8	41.72	3.7
Total public sector	960.14	972.76	997.24	1,050.48	1,058.98	1,105.71	1,125.92	20.21	1.8	66.94	6.3
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	947.75	962.11	988.29	1,049.13	1,049.95	1,096.44	1,120.55	24.11	2.2	70.60	6.7
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	980.32	1,000.74	1,050.35	1,078.83	1,076.59	1,108.66	1,145.95	37.29	3.4	69.36	6.4
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,062.27	1,057.55	1,050.83	1,050.39	1,138.64	1,202.22	1,167.52	-34.70	-2.9	28.88	2.5

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Annual change
									%
Civil service	41,700	43,500	44,700	44,700	44,800	45,300	45,800	1,000	2.2
Defence	9,300	9,000	8,800	8,900	9,000	9,500	9,700	700	7.8
Garda Siochana	14,200	14,500	14,700	14,700	14,300	14,300	14,300	- 0	0.0
Education	112,100	112,000	109,200	109,600	108,800	113,500	110,200	1,400	1.3
Regional bodies	34,300	35,100	35,200	35,500	35,600	37,200	37,700	2,100	5.9
Health	133,300	137,100	138,800	149,300	168,000	163,800	163,200	- 4,800	-2.9
Semi-state	54,900	56,400	56,300	56,400	59,200	60,500	61,800	2,600	4.4
Total public sector	399,800	407,700	407,700	419,100	439,700	444,100	442,700	3,000	0.7
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	344,900	351,300	351,400	362,700	380,500	383,600	380,900	400	0.1
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	13,900	14,500	15,000	15,600	16,100	16,200	16,500	400	2.5
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,100	41,900	41,300	40,800	43,100	44,300	45,300	2,200	5.1
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,631.50	1,669.04	1,693.88	1,731.45	2.2	3.7
B-N, R-S	1,463.01	1,525.81	1,565.99	1,585.30	1.2	3.9
O-Q	1,293.30	1,298.83	1,394.51	1,384.86	-0.7	6.6
Total (B-S)	1,360.02	1,396.26	1,463.87	1,467.38	0.2	5.1
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	896.58	928.36	963.28	964.96	0.2	3.9
B-N, R-S	614.33	644.21	652.32	660.86	1.3	2.6
O-Q	622.51	630.58	678.76	696.20	2.6	10.4
Total (B-S)	607.77	627.82	650.19	661.60	1.8	5.4
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	789.33	831.06	840.04	856.49	2.0	3.1
B-N, R-S	669.21	699.99	703.00	731.19	4.0	4.5
O-Q	541.47	540.20	613.50	627.94	2.4	16.2
Total (B-S)	631.18	655.99	671.72	697.02	3.8	6.3
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q2 2022	Preliminary Q2 2023	Final Q2 2023	Preliminary Q3 2023	Final Q2 2023	Preliminary Q3 2023	Final Q2 2022	Preliminary Q2 2023	Final Q2 2023	Preliminary Q3 2023
B-E	Industry	55.8	45.3	60.2	51.5	653	563	72.2	59.2	74.8	63.6
F	Construction	35.6	35.4	42.9	34.8	167	119	43.6	45.3	53.3	39.9
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	49.5	42.2	49.1	42.1	628	502	71.2	63.2	71.1	58.8
H	Transportation and storage	41.2	39.0	43.1	38.7	121	99	67.2	76.0	78.2	64.4
I	Accommodation and food services	52.9	39.5	47.5	41.1	392	341	70.8	54.8	63.6	55.1
J	Information and communication	59.6	51.9	66.4	52.0	306	239	82.1	64.8	82.4	67.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	63.3	54.4	66.8	57.3	260	216	83.5	75.5	84.5	74.9
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	52.7	45.4	53.2	44.9	288	233	64.7	51.8	64.1	53.9
N	Administrative and support services	54.3	40.5	50.9	43.2	271	220	72.6	55.2	64.9	60.1
O	Public administration and defence	88.7	84.1	90.5	83.5	124	116	97.2	81.8	88.7	94.3
P	Education	60.3	53.6	63.3	56.5	133	108	93.5	88.0	93.4	84.4
Q	Human health and social work	66.9	51.5	61.8	52.1	489	405	76.5	60.8	70.3	60.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	64.4	52.9	61.0	59.1	188	169	77.4	62.8	68.5	68.4
Total		55.3	45.9	55.6	47.8	4,020	3,330	78.1	66.2	75.9	67.8
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2023 (Final) Q3 2023 (Preliminary Estimates)