A CSO Frontier Series Output - What is this?
This chapter examines offenders' engagement with education & training and other themes, including housing, transport and deaths. The education component includes those presented in the Introduction as being in 'Education & training only' and 'Education & training and substantial employment'. The sources for educational data included are those which are directly funded by the state and does not include private educational institutions.
The last economic status up to April 2016 for just over one-third of offenders (35.0%) reflected engagement with education & training, and just under one-third were here in the first instance after April 2016 (32.8%). In May 2019, just over one-fifth (21.9%) of offenders were engaged in education & training.
| Table 3.1 Offenders in education & training by time period1 | ||||||
| Last economic status up to April 2016 | First economic status after April 2016 | Last economic status up to May 2019 | ||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Education & training only | 970 | 34.2 | 910 | 32.1 | 560 | 19.6 |
| Education & training and substantial employment | 20 | 0.8 | 20 | 0.8 | 60 | 2.2 |
| All engaged in education & training | 990 | 35.0 | 930 | 32.8 | 620 | 21.9 |
| All offenders who were matched | 2,850 | 100.0 | 2,850 | 100.0 | 2,850 | 100.0 |
| 1All numbers rounded to the nearest ten. | ||||||
| Up to April 2016 | After April 2016 | Up to May 2019 | |
| Education & training only | 34.1754385964912 | 32.0701754385965 | 19.6140350877193 |
| Education & training and substantial employment | 0.807017543859649 | 0.771929824561404 | 2.24561403508772 |
| All engaged in education & training | 34.9824561403509 | 32.8421052631579 | 21.859649122807 |
Over two-thirds (2,040) of offenders have an administrative education & training record that could be related to the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ). NFQ levels are presented in Table 2 in bands due to potentially disclosive figures for some specific NFQ levels.
There were 1,850 offenders engaged in education & training before April 2016. Two in three of these (64.5%) had achieved at most NFQ level 3, which is the equivalent of the Junior Certificate. Just over one in three (34.6%) had been enrolled on, or received an award for, NFQ levels 4 – 6, (the Leaving Certificate and post-Leaving Certificate courses). Just one in 100 were enrolled in further or higher education, (level 7 and above).
The most significant change in the offenders' education levels was the increase in the proportion at NFQ levels 4 - 6, which rose from 34.6% up to April 2016 to 41.8% in May 2019.
| Table 3.2 Highest NFQ level for Offenders and Census 2016 population1 | |||||||||
| Offenders | De facto Census 2016 population in April 2016 | ||||||||
| Highest NFQ up to April 2016 | Highest NFQ after April 2016 | Highest NFQ up to May 2019 | Highest NFQ up to May 2019 | ||||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||
| NFQ Levels 1 - 3 | 1,190 | 64.5 | 1,230 | 60.5 | 1,160 | 57.0 | 202,790 | 10.9 | |
| NFQ Levels 4 - 6 | 640 | 34.6 | 790 | 38.5 | 850 | 41.8 | 1,107,460 | 59.7 | |
| NFQ Levels 7 + | 10 | 0.9 | 20 | 1.0 | 30 | 1.2 | 545,620 | 29.4 | |
| Matched to a NFQ record | 1,840 | 100.0 | 2,040 | 100.0 | 2,040 | 100.0 | 1,855,870 | 100.0 | |
| 1The Census 2016 population includes those who are usually resident in the State, and successfully matched to an NFQ record in administrative data. The offender population is all those enumerated in prison setting on Census Night 2016 and successfully matched to an NFQ record in administrative data. All numbers rounded to nearest ten. | |||||||||
| Up to April 2016 | After April 2016 | Up to May 2019 | |
| 1 -3 | 64.4516477579687 | 60.5198626777832 | 56.9887199607651 |
| 4-6 | 34.6299297676931 | 38.4992643452673 | 41.7851888180481 |
| 7 + | 0.918422474338196 | 0.980872976949485 | 1.22609122118686 |
The Residential Tenancies Board (RTB) require only recording the details of one tenant at each dwelling. Therefore, offenders in rented accommodation may not be captured in the RTB data. References to 2019 represent the calendar year where offenders appeared in the data as opposed to 'up to May 2019 only', as in previous sections.
Between 2008 and 2019, 18.5% of offenders are known to have made at least one private rent payment. In 2013, 13.4% of offenders made a rent payment, falling to 5.3% in 2019.
| Table 3.3 Offenders making rent payments registered with Residential Tenancies Board 2008-20191 | ||
| Number | % | |
| 2008 | 100 | 3.6 |
| 2009 | 190 | 6.7 |
| 2010 | 270 | 9.6 |
| 2011 | 320 | 11.3 |
| 2012 | 360 | 12.7 |
| 2013 | 380 | 13.4 |
| 2014 | 330 | 11.5 |
| 2015 | 260 | 9.2 |
| 2016 (up to April 2016) | 190 | 6.8 |
| 2016 (after April 2016) | 210 | 7.3 |
| 2017 | 190 | 6.5 |
| 2018 | 150 | 5.4 |
| 2019 | 150 | 5.3 |
| Total offenders in RTB records 2008 - 2019 | 527 | 18.5 |
| Total offenders | 2,850 | 100.0 |
| 1All numbers rounded to nearest ten. | ||
| Offenders | |
| 2008 | 3.64912280701754 |
| 2009 | 6.66666666666667 |
| 2010 | 9.57894736842105 |
| 2011 | 11.3333333333333 |
| 2012 | 12.7368421052632 |
| 2013 | 13.3684210526316 |
| 2014 | 11.5087719298246 |
| 2015 | 9.19298245614035 |
| 2016 (up Census Night) | 6.7719298245614 |
| 2016 (after Census Night) | 7.29824561403509 |
| 2017 | 6.49122807017544 |
| 2018 | 5.40350877192982 |
| 2019 | 5.33333333333333 |
Between Census night and May 2019, the deaths of 50 offenders were recorded in the Central Records System.
Over one-third (35.6%) of offenders have a driving licence record on the National Vehicle and Driver File (NVDF) compiled by the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport in 2019. These records are categorised on the file as being 'current', 'disqualified', 'deceased', 'emigrated', 'ineligible' and 'licence in exchange'. The categories other than 'current' and 'disqualified' are combined into a single 'other' category here.
The number of offenders with a driving licence record on the National Vehicle and Drive File (NVDF) rose from 930 in 2016 to 1,010 in 2019.
The proportion of offenders with a disqualified driving licence dropped from 25.7% to 18.8% between 2016 and 2019.
| Table 3.4 Driving licence status by time period1 | |||||||||||
| Offenders | All drivers | ||||||||||
| 2016 | 2019 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||||
| Current (%) | 690 | 73.5 | 800 | 79.2 | 4,093,100 | 97.2 | 4,113,170 | 95.8 | |||
| Disqualified (%) | 240 | 25.7 | 190 | 18.8 | 20,980 | 0.5 | 23,040 | 0.5 | |||
| Other (%) | 10 | 0.8 | 20 | 2.0 | 95,890 | 2.3 | 155,740 | 3.6 | |||
| Total records | 940 | 100.0 | 1,010 | 100.0 | 4,209,970 | 100.0 | 4,291,950 | 100.0 | |||
| 1NVDF data are snapshots of the driver details records as of August 2016 and February 2019. Numbers are rounded to the nearest ten. | |||||||||||
| Current | Disqualified | Other | |
| Offenders 2016 | 73.5262593783494 | 25.7234726688103 | 0.7502679528403 |
| Offenders 2019 | 79.1913214990138 | 18.836291913215 | 1.9723865877712 |
| All drivers 2016 | 97.2187669055229 | 0.503906288961367 | 2.27732680551578 |
| All drivers 2019 | 95.8307069391315 | 0.541025558600853 | 3.62826750226767 |
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