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Economic Status

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Labour force participation

The official estimates on numbers of people at work and unemployment rates are produced from the CSO’s Labour Force Survey (LFS).  Between Q2 2018 and Q2 2019, the number of people at work in Ireland increased by 45,000 (+2.0%), rising from 2,255,000 to 2,300,000.

This analysis on the labour force in Ireland uses data from the LFS to examine tenure, family unit and type of dwelling. The breakdown of rates presented are based on the rates methodology as they appear in quarterly LFS releases. See Table 1 of LFS Q2 2019.

The labour force participation rate fell slightly from 62.3% to 62.1% between Q2 2018 and Q2 2019. The highest labour force participation rate was 75.3% among persons who ‘rent from a landlord’ in Q2 2019 while the lowest rate was 44.5% for ‘rented from a local authority’. The largest change in the participation rate over this time period was a drop of 2.2 percentage points for those who ‘rent from a landlord’, see Table 3.1.

Persons in family units composed of 'couple with children' had the highest participation rate at 71.6%. The lowest rate was among those in 'single person household' family units at 46.7%, see Table 3.2.

In Q2 2019, persons living in an 'apartment, flat, bedsit' had the highest participation rate by dwelling type at 73.2%. Excluding ‘not stated’, the lowest rate by dwelling type was 59.5% for people in a 'terraced house', see Table 3.3.

Table 3.1 Labour force participation rate of persons aged 15 years and over by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Tenure typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied60.661.1
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)77.575.3
Rented from a local authority44.744.5
Other tenure58.057.8
All persons 15 years and over62.362.1
Table 3.2 Labour force participation rate of persons aged 15 years and over by family unit type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Family unit type1Q2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household43.846.7
Couple with no children51.649.9
Couple with children71.871.6
One parent (female) household57.158.4
One parent (male) household66.666.7
2 or more family units65.266.0
All other households including non-family units69.966.7
All persons 15 years and over62.362.1
1May include other persons, with the exception of 'Single person household'
Table 3.3 Labour force participation rate of persons aged 15 years and over by dwelling type, Q2 2019
%
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house60.160.3
Semi-detached house63.162.5
Terraced house58.759.5
Apartment, flat, bedsit75.373.2
Not stated60.4[52.8]
All persons 15 years and over62.362.1
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.

Employment

The employment rate (calculated as a percentage of all persons aged 15-64) was 69.1% in Ireland in Q2 2019 for people aged 15-64. The highest rate was 73.3% for those who ‘rent from a landlord’ while the lowest was 40.6% for ‘rented from a local authority’, see Table 3.4.

Persons in households composed of a ‘couple with no children’ had the highest employment rate at 75.4% in Q2 2019, while the lowest rate was 54.1% for those in ‘one parent (female) household'. The largest change in the employment rate between Q2 2018 and Q2 2019 was for those in ‘single person household’, which rose by 4.6 percentage points from 66.5% to 71.1%, (see Table 3.5).

The highest employment rate by dwelling type was 73.6% for persons in an ‘apartment, flat, bedsit’ in Q2 2019, while the lowest rate for a stated category was 66.5% for ‘terraced house’.

Table 3.4 Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Tenure typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied70.972.0
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)73.873.3
Rented from a local authority39.340.6
Other tenure59.561.7
All persons (aged 15-64 years)68.569.1
Table 3.5 Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 by family unit type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Family unit type1Q2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household66.571.1
Couple with no children75.975.4
Couple with children69.469.7
One parent (female) household 52.654.1
One parent (male) household 64.465.5
2 or more family unit household 65.568.3
All other households including non-family units73.772.5
All persons (aged 15-64 years)68.569.1
1May include other persons, with the exception of 'Single person households'
Table 3.6 Employment rate of persons aged 15-64 by dwelling type, Q2 2019
%
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house69.469.7
Semi-detached house67.568.0
Terraced house64.666.5
Apartment, flat, bedsit74.373.6
Not stated[61.9][56.0]
All persons (aged 15-64 years)68.569.1
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate (calculated as a percentage of those in the labour force only and aged 15-74) in the State in Q2 2019 was 5.4%, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points from 6.0% in Q2 2018. The unemployment rate fell for persons across all four tenure types in Q2 2019 compared with the same quarter in the previous year. Persons in accommodation 'rented from a local authority' recorded the biggest fall (-4.6 percentage points) in unemployment rates over the year, from 21.7% in Q2 2018 to 17.1% in Q2 2019. See Table 3.7 and Figure 3.1.

The largest drop in the rate of unemployment by family unit type was in ‘single person household’ which fell from 7.2% in Q2 2018 to 5.5% in Q2 2019. See Table 3.8 and Figure 3.2.

People in a 'detached house' had the lowest unemployment rate by tenure type in Q2 2019, at 4.6%, while people in a 'terraced house' had the highest at 6.4%. See Table 3.9 and Figure 3.3.

Table 3.7 Unemployment rate of persons aged 15-74 by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Tenure typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied4.34.2
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)6.95.6
Rented from a local authority21.617.1
Other tenure**
All persons (aged 15-74 years)6.05.4
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
X-axis labelQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied4.34.2
Rented from a landlord*6.95.6
Rented from a local authority21.617.1
All persons65.4
Table 3.8 Unemployment rate of persons aged 15-74 by family unit type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Family unit typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household7.25.5
Couple with no children3.63.0
Couple with children5.65.0
One parent (female) household12.412.1
One parent (male) household**
2 or more family units[7.4]*
All other households including non-family units5.1[4.9]
All persons (aged 15-74 years)6.05.4
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error. Family units may include other persons, with the exception of 'Single person households'.
Q2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household7.169585892136015.53071418479209
Couple with no children3.618891942221063.0349118033689
Couple with children 5.619703893849264.97935646747657
One parent (female) household12.389864943103512.0742806811509
All other households including non-family units5.144231321096914.9
All persons6.002501042100885.38872891814068
Table 3.9 Unemployment rate of persons aged 15-74 by dwelling type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house4.64.6
Semi-detached house6.55.9
Terraced house7.86.4
Apartment, flat, bedsit7.45.7
Not stated**
All persons (aged 15-74 years)6.05.4
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house4.586935881889724.56836484446742
Semi-detached house6.524202529243155.86917081758846
Terraced house7.781592499669886.369540703474
Apartment, flat, bedsit7.382220622032595.71034655201753
All persons6.045627010144595.40490266512454

Full-time and part-time work

One in five (20.1%) workers were part-time in Q2 2019. The highest proportion of part-time workers at 35.7% were in accommodation ‘rented from a local authority’, while the lowest proportion was 16.7% in ‘rent from a landlord’. See Table 3.10 and Figure 3.4.

The highest proportion of part-time workers by household composition was 37.2% for ‘one parent (female) household'. Only 14.5% of people at work in ‘couple with no children’ households were part-time. See Table 3.11 and Figure 3.5.

One in five (21.7%) people in a 'terraced house' worked part-time, the highest share by dwelling type. See Table 3.12 and Figure 3.6.

Table 3.10 Proportion of persons aged 15 years and over in work by full-time or part-time status and tenure type, Q2 2019
%
 Q2 2018 Q2 2019
Tenure typePart timeFull time Part timeFull time
Owner occupied20.579.5 19.980.1
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)14.685.4 16.783.3
Rented from a local authority41.658.4 35.764.3
Other tenure21.978.1 **
All persons 15 years and over20.279.8 20.179.9
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
Full timePart time
Owner occupied19.937140795341980.0628598109683
Rented from a landlord*16.723696978599883.2763030214002
Rented-from local authority35.723771145223364.2762212350824
All persons20.085129015927179.9148709840729
Table 3.11 Proportion of persons aged 15 years and over in work by full-time or part-time status and family unit type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
 Q2 2018 Q2 2019
Family unit typePart timeFull time Part timeFull time
Single person household17.382.7 17.782.8
Couple with no children16.483.6 14.585.5
Couple with children20.579.5 19.980.1
One parent (female) household35.464.6 37.262.8
One parent (male) household20.479.6 [12.8]87.2
2 or more family units26.873.2 22.677.4
All other households including non-family units13.486.6 20.379.1
All persons 15 years and over20.279.8 20.179.9
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error. Family units may include other persons, with the exception of 'Single Person Households'.
X-axis labelFull timePart time
Single person household17.672413793103482.7586206896552
Couple with no children14.545454545454585.4545454545455
Couple with children19.903303787268380.0966962127317
One parent (female) household37.222222222222262.7777777777778
One parent (male) household12.887.2340425531915
2 or more family units22.580645161290377.4193548387097
All other households including non-family units20.261437908496779.0849673202614
All households20.086956521739179.9130434782609
Table 3.12 Proportion of persons aged 15 years and over in work by full-time or part-time status and dwelling type, Q2 2019
%
 Q2 2018 Q2 2019
Dwelling typePart timeFull time Part timeFull time
Detached house21.478.6 21.478.6
Semi-detached house20.679.4 19.180.8
Terraced house22.477.6 21.778.3
Apartment, flat, bedsit12.887.2 [16.2][83.8]
Not stated13.186.9 **
All persons 15 years and over20.279.8 20.179.9
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
X-axis labelPart timeFull time
Detached house21.435897435897478.5641025641026
Semi-detached house19.061166429587580.796586059744
Terraced house21.676300578034778.3236994219653
Apartment, flat, bedsit, other16.283.8
State20.086956521739179.9130434782609

Self-employment

Of all those in employment in Q2 2019, 13.8% were self-employed. Just 5.2% of people in employment who 'rented from a local authority' were self-employed, compared with 16.2% of those who were an 'owner occupier', see Table 3.13 and Figure 3.7.

Parents in family units comprised of 'one parent (male) household' had the highest rate of self-employment by family unit type (18.2%), while persons in 'all other households including non-family units' had the lowest (6.8%), see Table 3.14 Figure 3.8.

One in five (20.5%) people in employment and in a 'detached house' was self-employed, compared with just 5.9% living in an 'apartment, flat, bedsit, other', see Table 3.15 and Figure 3.9.

Table 3.13 Proportion of persons aged 15 years and over in employment who were self-employed by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Tenure typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied17.616.2
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)7.78.7
Rented from a local authority[6.5][5.2]
Other tenure13.513.3
All persons 15 years and over14.613.8
[Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
X-axis labelQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied17.550992195951416.1895738924442
Rented from a landlord*7.704761649997838.69284697737764
Rented-from local authority6.55.2
Other tenure13.514316540594113.2743775227089
All households14.642887114280513.8177644932394
Table 3.14 Proportion of persons aged 15 years and over in employment who were self-employed by family unit type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Family unitQ2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household19.818.0
Couple with no children19.217.5
Couple with children14.813.8
One parent (female) household7.07.0
One parent (male) household14.018.2
2 or more family units[9.0][8.7]
All other households including non-family units6.56.8
All persons 15 years and over14.613.8
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error. Family units may include other persons, with the exception of 'Single person households'.
Family unitQ2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household19.750680168150618.0302938921103
Couple with no children19.220741490243617.4823632012542
Couple with children14.776169419229413.8281323046269
One parent (female) household6.975361648721847.01733950144773
One parent (male) household14.036979969183418.2011572498298
2 or more family units98.7
All other households including non-family units6.533142584644736.84704293497145
All households14.642887868147613.8177674338929
Table 3.15 Proportion of persons aged 15 years and over in employment who were self-employed by dwelling type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house22.420.5
Semi-detached house10.29.8
Terraced house8.89.0
Apartment, flat, bedsit6.15.9
Not stated5.76.8
All persons 15 years and over14.613.8
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house22.366195348172620.5420964948995
Semi-detached house10.21800394420919.83732327107047
Terraced house8.803850988458468.98564538023857
Apartment, flat, bedsit, other6.122967571904125.94313724047074
Not stated5.72584668255646.81363870009709
All households14.642887868147613.8177674338929

Jobless households

One in ten people in the State (9.6%) lived in a jobless household in Q2 2019.

More than one in three (35.0%) people who 'rented from a local authority' lived in a jobless household, compared with just 4.6% of those who were an 'owner occupied' tenure. See Table 3.15 and figure 3.10

The highest proportion of households that were jobless by family unit type were a 'one parent (female) household' at 30.4%, compared with just 4.8% for a 'couple with children'.

People living in a 'terraced house' had the highest rate of living in a jobless household by dwelling type at 13.0%, while the lowest rate was 5.3% for people in a 'detached house'.

Table 3.16 Proportion of persons aged 0-59 in jobless households by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Tenure typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied5.34.6
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)11.511.9
Rented from a local authority39.235.0
Other tenure23.0[20.8]
All persons (aged 0-59 years)10.29.6
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
TenureQ2 2018Q2 2019
Owner occupied5.250178639846884.56396931754948
Rented from a landlord*11.451094426879211.9092138699316
Rented from local authority39.218354899496135.0218224136819
Other tenure23.018906235636820.8
All households10.22384645320319.58315926082241
Table 3.17 Proportion of persons aged 0-59 in jobless households by family unit type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Family unit typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household28.323.2
Couple with no children6.15.7
Couple with children5.54.8
One parent (female) household31.430.4
One parent (male) household14.315.6
2 or more family units8.7[6.2]
All other households including non-family units8.58.2
All persons (aged 0-59 years)10.29.6
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error. Family units may include other persons, with the exception of 'Single Person Households'.
Family unitQ2 2018Q2 2019
Single person household28.282776753129523.2339164042316
Couple with no children6.124593980409455.70343102673262
Couple with children5.484133113618444.80347349282209
One parent (female) household31.363239931057730.4482791619229
One parent (male) household14.262930828433515.6171860953633
2 or more family units8.683058138852326.2
All other households including non-family units8.512107961498028.24344740572014
All households10.22384645320319.58315926082241
Table 3.18 Proportion of persons aged 0-59 in jobless households by dwelling type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house6.25.3
Semi-detached house11.911.5
Terraced house14.613.0
Apartment, flat, bedsit13.514.5
Not stated18.8[12.7]
All persons (aged 0-59 years)10.29.6
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
Dwelling typeQ2 2018Q2 2019
Detached house6.199388031583085.3485524012947
Semi-detached house11.858325911602111.5101695821467
Terraced house14.555810801308313.0133918425486
Apartment, flat, bedsit, other13.459645439561314.5345415737001
Not stated18.836842473607412.7
All households10.22384645320319.58315926082241

Atypical work

Atypical work patterns include those who those whose employment consists of shift work, evening work, night work, or work on a Saturday or Sunday. The analysis examines those whose work always include one of these elements, or sometimes include one of these elements, as of Q2 2019.

One-fifth of persons (20.7%) always do atypical work, while 7.6% 'sometimes do atypical work'.

By tenure type, the highest rate of 'always does atypical work' was among persons who 'rent from a landlord' at 23.3%, followed by those in the category 'rented from a local authority' at 21.9%, see Table 3.18.

By family unit, persons in 'all other households including non-family units' had the highest incidence rate in the 'always does atypical work' category at 25.9%, while 'one parent (male) household' was the category most likely to 'sometimes do atypical work' at 10.3%, see Table 3.19.

By dwelling type, persons living in a 'detached house' were most likely to 'always do atypical work' at 22.4% while persons in a 'terraced house' were most likely to 'sometimes do atypical work' at 9.1%, see Table 3.20.

Table 3.19 Atypical work for persons aged 15 years and over by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
 Q2 2018 Q2 2019
Tenure typeSometimes does atypical workAlways does atypical work Sometimes does atypical workAlways does atypical work
Owner occupied7.020.4 7.319.9
Rent from a landlord (including voluntary/co-operative body/occupied free of rent)7.827.1 8.623.3
Rented from a local authority*24.0 [8.0]21.9
Other tenure8.721.5 11.013.6
All persons 15 years and over7.122.1 7.620.7
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
Table 3.20 Atypical work for persons aged 15 years and over by tenure type, Q2 2018 and Q2 2019
%
 Q2 2018 Q2 2019
Family unit typeSometimes does atypical workAlways does atypical work Sometimes does atypical workAlways does atypical work
Single person household6.223.9 7.121.1
Couple with no children6.120.8 7.219.0
Couple with children7.321.4 7.620.0
One parent (female) household7.323.5 7.623.3
One parent (male) household[12.5]23.9 [10.3]23.9
2 or more family units[6.3]22.3 8.522.3
All other households including non-family units8.324.5 8.225.9
All persons 15 years and over7.122.1 7.620.7
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error. Family units may include other persons, with the exception of 'Single person households'.
Table 3.21 Atypical work for persons aged 15 years and over by dwelling type, Q2 2019
%
 Q2 2018 Q2 2019
Dwelling typeSometimes does atypical workAlways does atypical work Sometimes does atypical workAlways does atypical work
Detached house6.523.2 6.622.4
Semi-detached house7.419.5 8.119.0
Terraced house7.422.3 9.119.2
Apartment, flat, bedsit7.824.3 8.221.1
Not stated*9.5 *6.6
All persons 15 years and over7.222.2 7.720.8
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables. Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ]. In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.