Type of ownership indicates whether an enterprise is domestic or foreign controlled. A domestic enterprise is defined as either domestic indigenous or as domestic multinational (with foreign control of less than 50%). A foreign controlled multinational enterprise (MNE) is defined as having foreign control of more than 50%. A high proportion of foreign controlled services enterprises generally represent a globalised economy which is well integrated in international markets.
| Foreign | Domestic | |
| Exports | 99.7415 | 35.334068 |
| Imports | 161.661618 | 37.148198 |
Foreign controlled enterprises dominated both service exports and imports in 2016, exporting €100bn (74%) and importing €162bn (81%) of total services. The remaining €35bn (26%) of service exports and €37bn (19%) of service imports were provided by domestic enterprises. See Figure 5.1
| Foreign | Domestic | |
| Manufacturing (C) | 6.82040959472404 | 11.1393653365944 |
| Information & Communication (J) | 43.6483383878867 | 0 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | 9.63064985964005 | 8.88500354112892 |
| Other Activities (Oth) | 13.7418611484203 | 6.13437213160562 |
Foreign controlled enterprises in the information and communications sector (J) accounted for €59bn (44%) of total service exports, of which 20% were exported to EU and 24% exported to non-EU countries. There were no registered domestic controlled enterprises exporting services in the information and communication sector (J). Foreign controlled enterprises in the financial and insurance sector (K) represented €13bn (10%) of total exports while in manufacturing (C) and other sectors they represented €9bn and €19bn (7% and 14%) of total exports respectively.
Domestic enterprises in the manufacturing sector (C) and the financial & insurance sector (K) exported €15bn (11%) and €12bn (9%) of total services respectively while domestic enterprises in other sectors exported €8bn (6%) of total services. See Figure 5.2 and Table 5.1.
| Foreign | Domestic | |
| Manufacturing (C) | 38.7544606952405 | 10.2893365184745 |
| Information & Communication (J) | 26.8711958367287 | 0 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | 6.45170508079943 | 4.86207280630449 |
| Other Activities (Oth) | 9.23734469931807 | 3.53388436313426 |
All enterprises importing services in the information and communications sector (J) were foreign controlled and they account for €53bn (27%) of total service imports, of which 12% were imported from EU and 15% imported from non-EU countries. There were no registered domestic controlled enterprises importing services in the information and communication sector (J). Foreign controlled enterprises in the manufacturing sector (C) imported €77bn (39%) of total services, with 4% imported from EU and 35% imported from non-EU countries. Foreign enterprises in the financial & insurance (K) and in other sectors imported €13bn (6%) and €18bn (9%) of service respectively.
Domestic enterprises in the manufacturing sector (C) and the financial & insurance sector (K) imported just €20bn (10%) and €8bn (4%) of total services respectively while domestic enterprises in other sectors imported another €8bn (4%) of total services. See Figure 5.3 and Table 5.2.
| Foreign | Domestic | Total (where foreign/domestic split not available) | |
| Repairs & Processing | 1.7378 | 0.789141 | |
| Transport | 0 | 7.225651 | |
| Travel | 0 | 4.684519 | |
| Insurance andpension services | 0 | 0 | 9.295586 |
| Financialservices | 3.725054 | 9.563229 | |
| Royalties/Licences | 4.321913 | 3.729994 | |
| Computer &Comm. services | 58.776989 | 0 | |
| Businessservices | 22.051513 | 8.040991 | |
| Otherservices n.e.s. | 0 | 0 | 1.133187 |
All computer services exports, €59bn in 2016, were provided by foreign controlled enterprises. While all transport and travel services exports and €10bn (72%) of financial service exports were accounted for by domestic enterprises. Foreign controlled enterprises account for €22bn (73%) of business services exports and €1.7bn (69%) of repair and processing exports. Insurance/pension services exports were also dominated by foreign controlled enterprises. (Actual percentage not provided for confidentiality reasons.) See Table 5.3 and Figure 5.4.
| Foreign | Domestic | Total (where foreign/domestic split not available) | |
| Repairs & Processing | 3.38021 | 0.523625 | |
| Transport | 0 | 2.688923 | |
| Travel | 0 | 5.623006 | |
| Insurance and pension services | 6.44168 | 0.253726 | |
| Financial services | 2.315906 | 9.232519 | |
| Royalties/Licences | 65.732317 | 3.470029 | |
| Computer & Comm. services | 0 | 0 | 2.549375 |
| Business services | 81.26342 | 14.818354 | |
| Other services n.e.s. | 0 | 0 | 0.516727 |
All transport and travel services imports and €9bn (80%) of financial service imports were accounted for by domestic enterprises. Foreign controlled enterprises account for €81bn (85%) of business services imports and €3.4bn (87%) of repair and processing imports. Foreign controlled enterprises also dominated Insurance/pension services imports (96%) and accounted for €66bn (95%) of royalties imports. See Table 5.4 and Figure 5.5.
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