The annual Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Household Survey 2022 contributes to the EU requirement under Regulation (EC) No 808/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 concerning Community Statistics on the Information Society (OJ L143, 30.04.2004, p. 49). It covers a range of topics related to internet penetration and use of ICT by households and individuals.
The survey is conducted annually and asks respondents about their ICT activities over the previous three months. Each year, the survey includes a specific group of questions relating to a particular area of ICT. In 2022, additional questions were included relating to smart technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), and the sustainable/non sustainable choices that we make when disposing of/replacing out personal ICT devices.
The ICT Household Survey 2022 was designed in line with the European Community Survey on ICT Usage in Households and By Individuals 2022 Model Questionnaire. The survey is harmonised across EU member states and meets EU regulation requirements to allow comparability of results published by other countries. The specific data requirements of the survey are defined annually through a consultation process with users and policy makers within Eurostat and EU member states. Once the details of the survey requirements have been agreed, an annual implementing regulation is passed to turn the requirements into EU law. The CSO, engages in this annual consultation process and in the development of the questionnaire for each year. The collection of the data under the aforementioned European Regulation implies that harmonised data can be obtained across all EU member states.
Data in this domain is collected annually by the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) and is based on the aforementioned Eurostat's annual Model Questionnaire on ICT usage in households and by individuals. The Eurostat Model Questionnaire has a core set of questions, which are asked on an annual basis. Additional modules on ICT are repeated annually, biennially or triennially. In addition, special modules or topics on new emerging concepts or technologies are also included each year. In 2022, additional modules on the Internet of Things (a similar module was asked previously in 2020) and the sustainabiity of our personal devices were included.
The ICT Household Survey was based on the implementing Regulation (EU) No 808/2004 and the Information Society Statistics 2022 Model Questionnaire (DOC 131KB) provided by Eurostat.
The ICT Household Survey 2022 was designed in line with the European Community Survey on ICT Usage in Households and By Individuals 2022 Model Questionnaire. Data given in this domain are collected annually by the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) and are based on Eurostat's annual Model Questionnaire on ICT usage in households and by individuals. The collection of the data under the aforementioned European Regulation implies that harmonised data can be obtained across the European continent.
The 2022 ICT household questionnaire is available at: Household Survey Questionnaire 2022.
More information on DESI is available on the European Commission website.
The data collected in this domain by Ireland and other National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) contribute to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and Digital Scoreboard. DESI is a composite index published every year by the European Commission since 2014, measuring the progress of EU countries towards a digital economy and society. As such, it brings together a set of relevant indicators on Europe’s current digital policy mix, as follows:
The aim of the European ICT surveys is the timely provision of statistics on individuals and households on the use of Information and Communication Technologies at European level.
Once these three levels of skills ("none", "basic" and "above basic") are computed for each of the four dimensions outlined above, an overall composite indicator is created. The figures of the overall indicator are used by the Commission as part of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and presented in the Digital Agenda Scoreboard visualization tool. See Digital Scoreboard - Data & Indicators for more information.
In 2022, the headline indicator questions of the ICT Household Survey on household internet connectivity and frequency of individual usage of the internet, were asked of all respondents of the Labour Force Survey (LFS), using both Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) and Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). For the purposes of achieving sufficient sample size and Eurostat reporting requirements, the ICT Household Survey headline indicator questions were included in the LFS survey for two quarters in 2022, Quarters 1 and 2.
The LFS data collection is carried out in 5 waves over 5 quarters. These ICT Household Survey questions on household internet access and individual frequency of internet usage were asked of all waves of the LFS in Quarters 1 and 2. Wave 5 respondents in Quarter 1 and Wave 4 and 5 respondents in Quarter 2 were asked if they would be willing to participate in a survey on ICT usage where all other questions on the ICT Household Survey on detailed ICT usage were covered.
Respondents who were willing to partake in this ICT survey could complete the survey online (CAWI mode) or they could choose to do so by telephone interview.
This multi-mode approach to data collection for the ICT Houshold Survey commenced in 2020. Prior to this (since 2018), the survey was carried out using the General Household Survey, and before this, was carried out using the Labour Force Survey.
The change in mode of data collection has affected sample size. While the achieved sample size for the headline indicator questions was 18,591 (9,135 in Quarter 1 2022 and 9,456 in Quarter 2), the achieved sample size for the questions on detailed ICT usage at an individual level, was much lower – 1,282 respondents. For the purposes of this publication and Eurostat reporting requirements, data from two quarters, Quarters 1 and 2, was used.
In 2022, the ICT Household Survey was carried out in the six months from January to June (Quarters 1 and 2).
The questionnaire asks questions about ICT activities for the reference period of three months prior to the interview taking place.
The ICT Household Survey data is collected directly from private households. Institutional households, (e.g. nursing homes, barracks, boarding schools, hotels etc.) are not covered by the survey. A household is defined as a single person or group of people who usually reside together in the same accommodation and who share the same catering arrangements. The household members are not necessarily related by blood or marriage.
A person is defined as a "Usual Resident" of a private household if he or she:
The LFS is conducted using mixed mode data collection with the introduction of Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). Information is collected from each sample household over 5 successive quarters or waves. The first interview is conducted by a team of face-to-face interviewers using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). The four follow-up interviews are conducted using CATI from a dedicated call centre, where householders have agreed to conduct a telephone interview, but are conducted using face-to-face interviews where householders have not agreed to conduct a telephone interview.
The ICT Household Survey headline indicator questions was included in the LFS in Quarters 1 and 2. The headline indicator questions of the ICT Household Survey on household internet connectivity and frequency of individual usage of the internet were asked of all waves of the LFS in Quarters 1 and 2, and all other questions on the ICT Household Survey on detailed ICT usage were asked of respondents (Wave 5 in Quarter 1 and Waves 4 and 5 in Quarter 2) who indicated their willingness to partake in a survey on ICT usage. Respondents who were willing to partake in this ICT survey could complete the survey online (CAWI mode) or they could choose to do so by telephone interview.
In 2022, the ICT Household Survey was carried out using the LFS survey instrument. Full details of the LFS survey design are available in the Methodology of the LFS.
In the LFS, households are asked to take part in the survey for 5 consecutive quarters (5 waves). For the purposes of achieving sufficient sample size and Eurostat reporting requirements, the ICT Household Survey is included in the LFS survey vehicle for two quarters in 2022, Quarters 1 and 2, instead of just Quarter 1. The headline indicator questions on household internet connectivity and frequency of individual usage of the internet were asked of all waves of the LFS in Quarters 1and 2, and all other questions on the ICT Household survey on usage of the internet were asked of wave 5 respondents only.
The total achieved sample size for the ICT Household Survey headline indicator questions in Quarter 1 was 18,591 (9,135 in Quarter 1 2022 and 9,456 in Quarter 2), while the achieved sample size for the questions detailing individual ICT usage was 1,282.
Based on existing communication technologies like the internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) represents the next step towards digitalisation where all objects and people can be interconnected through communication networks, in and across private, public and industrial spaces.
The IERC/ITU official definition states that IoT is "A dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network."
IERC European Research Centre on the Internet of Things
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies - ICT's.
In the 2022 ICT Household Survey survey, the Internet of Things module was limited to the individual's use of IoT solutions in the private life context. It focussed mainly on the uptake of home automation solutions (domotics), but also the use of wearable devices, e-health solutions or cars with built-in wireless connection.
IoT solutions can be connected with e.g. other devices or systems via the internet (via mobile internet connections, WiFi) or via Bluetooth.
The use of smartphones, tablets, laptops or desktops was not the objective of the measurement performed in this module, when those devices serve to access the internet only and not to control an IoT device.
The EU actively cooperates with industry, organisations and academia to unleash the potential of the Internet of Things across Europe and beyond. Further information on Europe's Internet of Things policy is available on their website.
To provide national population results, the survey results were weighted to represent the entire population of persons aged 16 years and over. The survey results were weighted to agree with population estimates broken down by age group, sex and region and were also calibrated to nationality totals.
Household weights were calculated for all households in the initial sample. The design weights are computed as the inverse of the selection probability of the unit. The purpose of design weights is to eliminate the bias induced by unequal selection probabilities.
These design weights were then adjusted for non-response. This eliminated the bias introduced by discrepancies caused by non-response, particularly critical when the non-responding households are different from the responding ones in respect to some survey variables as this may create substantial bias in the estimates. Design weights are adjusted for non-response by dividing the design weights of each responding unit in the final/achieved sample by the (weighted) response probability of the corresponding group or strata.
To obtain the final household weights for the results, after the previous steps were carried out, the distribution of households by deprivation, NUTS3 region, sex and age was calibrated to the population of households in Quarters 1 and 2. The CALMAR2-macro, developed by INSEE, was used for this purpose.
The sum of row or column percentages in the tables in this report may not add to 100% due to rounding.
Percentage breakdowns exclude cases where the interviewee did not respond.
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables.
Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ] .
In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
Estimates for number of persons where there are less than 30 persons in a cell are too small to be considered reliable. These estimates are presented with an asterisk (*) in the relevant tables.
Where there are 30-49 persons in a cell, estimates are considered to have a wider margin of error and should be treated with caution. These cells are presented with parentheses [ ] .
In the case of rates, these limits apply to the denominator used in generating the rate. In the case of annual changes, both the current year and the preceding year are taken into account when deciding whether the estimate should be suppressed or flagged as having a wider margin of error.
The Principal Economic Status (PES) classification is based on a single question in which respondents are asked ‘what is their usual situation regarding employment’ and given the following response categories:
The Deprivation IndexPobal Haase-Pratschke Deprivation Index is used to create the underlying sample and is used to analyse the data. The Index uses Census data to measure levels of disadvantage or affluence in a geographical area.
The results are presented by quintiles, five equal-sized groups of households, with the first quintile representing the most disadvantaged areas and the fifth quintile representing the least deprived/most affluent area. More detailed information on the Index can be found on the Trutz-Haase website.
The five quintiles are described below:
For the purposes of deriving household composition, a child was defined as any member of the household aged 17 or under. Households were analysed as a whole, regardless of the number of family units within the household. The categories of household composition are:
The regional classifications in this release is based on the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units) classification used by Eurostat. Until Q4 2017, the NUTS3 regions corresponded to the eight Regional Authorities established under the Local Government Act, 1991 (Regional Authorities) (Establishment) Order, 1993, which came into operation on 1 January 1994 while the NUTS2 regions, which were proposed by Government and agreed by Eurostat in 1999, were groupings of those historic NUTS3 regions.
However, the NUTS3 boundaries were amended on 21st of November 2016 under Regulation (EC) No. 2066/2016 and have come into force from Q1 2018. These new groupings are reflected in the LFS results from Q1 2012 onwards. The changes resulting from the amendment are that County Louth has moved from the Border to the Mid-East and what was formerly South Tipperary has moved from the South-East to the Mid-West, resulting in the new NUTS2 and NUTS3 regions:
| Northern & Western NUTS2 Region | Southern NUTS2 Region | Eastern & Midland NUTS2 Region | |||
| Border | Cavan Donegal Leitrim Monaghan Sligo |
Mid-West | Clare Limerick Tipperary |
Dublin | Dublin City Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown Fingal South Dublin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South-East | Carlow Kilkenny Waterford Wexford |
Mid-East | Kildare Louth Meath Wicklow |
||
| West | Galway Mayo Roscommon |
South-West | Cork Kerry |
Midland | Laois Longford Offaly Westmeath |
The Central Statistics Office wishes to thank the participating households for their co-operation in agreeing to take part in the survey and for facilitating the collection of the relevant data.
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