SILC data 2020 to 2022 was revised on 7 March 2024 due to changes made to weights, reflecting updated household population benchmarks, because of the availability of Census 2022 data. The data in this publication does not reflect these revisions. For revised data please see SILC 2023 or PxStat.
The income reference period of SILC in year T is the calendar year T-1, i.e. for SILC 2022 the income relates to Jan-Dec 2021.
_2022_infobytes_03.1.png)
In SILC 2022, the poorest 20% of the population had 9.4% of the nation’s equivalised disposable income, while the richest 20% had 37.3%. See figure 4.1 and table 4.1.
| Share of income (%) | Quintile 5 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 37.3 | 22.3 | 17.6 | 13.5 | 9.4 |
| 2021 | 36.5 | 22.6 | 17.7 | 13.7 | 9.6 |
| 2020 | 37.6 | 22.4 | 17.3 | 13.4 | 9.3 |
| Table 4.1 Share of equivalised income by decile and year (%) | |||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
| Deciles | |||
| 1 | 3.91 | 4.08 | 3.97 |
| 2 | 5.34 | 5.54 | 5.42 |
| 3 | 6.27 | 6.37 | 6.25 |
| 4 | 7.17 | 7.34 | 7.21 |
| 5 | 8.14 | 8.33 | 8.25 |
| 6 | 9.14 | 9.33 | 9.31 |
| 7 | 10.37 | 10.56 | 10.44 |
| 8 | 12.06 | 11.99 | 11.88 |
| 9 | 14.05 | 14.09 | 13.98 |
| 10 | 23.57 | 22.37 | 23.29 |
The quintile share ratio is the ratio of the total equivalised disposable income received by the 20% of persons with the highest income (fifth quintile) to that received by the 20% of persons with the lowest income (first quintile).
In SILC 2022, the quintile share ratio stood at 4.0, indicating that the total income of the richest 20% was almost four times that of the poorest 20%. The corresponding value for 2021 was 3.8. See table 4.2.
| Table 4.2 Income quintile share ratio by year (%) | |||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
| Income quintile share ratio | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.0 |
_2022_infobytes_03.2.png)
The Gini coefficient measures income equality across the entire income distribution. It is the ratio of the area between the line of perfect equality and the observed Lorenz curve to the area between the line of perfect equality and the line of perfect inequality. A Gini coefficient value of 0% denotes perfect equality, indicating that income is distributed equally amongst all persons. A Gini Coefficient of 100% would denote perfect inequality where all the income is held by one person. See figure 4.2.
| X-axis label | Perfect Equality | Cumulative Equivalised Market Income | Cumulative Equivalised Gross Income | Cumulative Equivalised Disposable Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 7 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 9 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 11 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 12 | 12 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
| 13 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 6 |
| 14 | 14 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
| 15 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
| 16 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
| 17 | 17 | 1 | 6 | 8 |
| 18 | 18 | 1 | 6 | 8 |
| 19 | 19 | 1 | 7 | 9 |
| 20 | 20 | 1 | 7 | 10 |
| 21 | 21 | 1 | 8 | 10 |
| 22 | 22 | 2 | 8 | 11 |
| 23 | 23 | 2 | 8 | 12 |
| 24 | 24 | 2 | 9 | 12 |
| 25 | 25 | 3 | 9 | 13 |
| 26 | 26 | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 27 | 27 | 3 | 10 | 14 |
| 28 | 28 | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 29 | 29 | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 30 | 30 | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 31 | 31 | 5 | 13 | 17 |
| 32 | 32 | 5 | 13 | 17 |
| 33 | 33 | 6 | 14 | 18 |
| 34 | 34 | 6 | 14 | 19 |
| 35 | 35 | 7 | 15 | 19 |
| 36 | 36 | 7 | 15 | 20 |
| 37 | 37 | 8 | 16 | 21 |
| 38 | 38 | 8 | 17 | 22 |
| 39 | 39 | 9 | 17 | 23 |
| 40 | 40 | 10 | 18 | 23 |
| 41 | 41 | 10 | 19 | 24 |
| 42 | 42 | 11 | 19 | 25 |
| 43 | 43 | 12 | 20 | 26 |
| 44 | 44 | 12 | 21 | 26 |
| 45 | 45 | 13 | 22 | 27 |
| 46 | 46 | 14 | 22 | 28 |
| 47 | 47 | 15 | 23 | 29 |
| 48 | 48 | 15 | 24 | 30 |
| 49 | 49 | 16 | 25 | 31 |
| 50 | 50 | 17 | 25 | 32 |
| 51 | 51 | 18 | 26 | 32 |
| 52 | 52 | 18 | 27 | 33 |
| 53 | 53 | 19 | 28 | 34 |
| 54 | 54 | 20 | 29 | 35 |
| 55 | 55 | 21 | 30 | 36 |
| 56 | 56 | 22 | 30 | 37 |
| 57 | 57 | 23 | 31 | 38 |
| 58 | 58 | 24 | 32 | 39 |
| 59 | 59 | 25 | 33 | 40 |
| 60 | 60 | 26 | 34 | 41 |
| 61 | 61 | 27 | 35 | 42 |
| 62 | 62 | 28 | 36 | 43 |
| 63 | 63 | 29 | 37 | 44 |
| 64 | 64 | 30 | 38 | 45 |
| 65 | 65 | 31 | 39 | 46 |
| 66 | 66 | 33 | 40 | 47 |
| 67 | 67 | 34 | 41 | 48 |
| 68 | 68 | 35 | 42 | 49 |
| 69 | 69 | 36 | 43 | 50 |
| 70 | 70 | 37 | 45 | 51 |
| 71 | 71 | 38 | 46 | 53 |
| 72 | 72 | 40 | 47 | 54 |
| 73 | 73 | 41 | 48 | 55 |
| 74 | 74 | 42 | 49 | 56 |
| 75 | 75 | 44 | 51 | 57 |
| 76 | 76 | 45 | 52 | 58 |
| 77 | 77 | 47 | 53 | 59 |
| 78 | 78 | 48 | 54 | 61 |
| 79 | 79 | 49 | 56 | 62 |
| 80 | 80 | 51 | 57 | 63 |
| 81 | 81 | 53 | 58 | 65 |
| 82 | 82 | 54 | 60 | 66 |
| 83 | 83 | 56 | 61 | 67 |
| 84 | 84 | 57 | 63 | 69 |
| 85 | 85 | 59 | 64 | 70 |
| 86 | 86 | 61 | 66 | 71 |
| 87 | 87 | 63 | 67 | 73 |
| 88 | 88 | 65 | 69 | 74 |
| 89 | 89 | 67 | 71 | 76 |
| 90 | 90 | 69 | 73 | 77 |
| 91 | 91 | 71 | 75 | 79 |
| 92 | 92 | 73 | 77 | 81 |
| 93 | 93 | 75 | 78 | 83 |
| 94 | 94 | 78 | 81 | 84 |
| 95 | 95 | 80 | 83 | 86 |
| 96 | 96 | 83 | 85 | 88 |
| 97 | 97 | 87 | 88 | 90 |
| 98 | 98 | 90 | 91 | 93 |
| 99 | 99 | 95 | 96 | 97 |
| 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
In SILC 2022 the Gini coefficient, expressed as a percentage, was 28.0%, compared with 27.0% in 2021 and 28.5% in 2020.
The Gini coefficient is typically calculated on disposable income. If calculated using market income only (i.e. employment, pension and other income) the Gini coefficient would have been 48.9%. Adding in income from social transfers, the Gini coefficient on gross income is 36.9%. Finally, after deducting tax, social insurance contributions, pension contributions and inter-household transfers paid, the Gini coefficient for disposable income is 28.0%. See table 4.3.
| Table 4.3 Gini coefficient by year (%) | |||
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
| Income Type | |||
| Equivalised market income | 48.0 | 48.3 | 48.9 |
| Equivalised gross income | 36.5 | 35.4 | 36.9 |
| Equivalised disposable income | 28.5 | 27.0 | 28.0 |
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