Environment Measuring Ireland's Progress 2018

EU: Net Greenhouse gas emissions

Table 3.1 EU28: Greenhouse gas emissions, 2017¹
Country	2017 GHG Emissions	Kyoto target index	Above/Below Limit
Country		1990 = 100	%
Lithuania	42.7	92.0	49.3
Latvia	44.3	92.0	47.7
Romania	46.1	92.0	45.9
Estonia	52.0	92.0	40.0
Slovakia	59.2	92.0	32.8
Bulgaria	60.5	92.0	31.5
Greece	93.6	125.0	31.4
Sweden	76.3	104.0	27.7
Czech Republic	65.3	92.0	26.7
Hungary	68.5	94.0	25.5
United Kingdom	62.4	87.5	25.1
Finland	79.5	100.0	20.5
Croatia	78.7	95.0	16.3
France	86.6	100.0	13.4
Belgium	79.7	92.5	12.8
Italy	84.1	93.5	9.4
Denmark	70.5	79.0	8.5
Poland	87.7	94.0	6.3
Germany	74.1	79.0	4.9
Portugal	122.8	127.0	4.2
Netherlands	90.9	94.0	3.1
Ireland	112.9	113.0	0.1
Slovenia	93.8	92.0	-1.8
Spain	121.8	115.0	-6.8
Luxembourg	90.8	72.0	-18.8
Austria	106.2	87.0	-19.2
Cyprus	155.7	:	:
Malta	112.2	:	:

Iceland	154.8	110.0	-44.8
Norway	104.9	101.0	-3.9
Switzerland	92.7	92.0	-0.7
Source: European Environment Agency
¹Sorted by above/below limit, descending.
: indicates data not available.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.1 (XLS 11KB)

The 1997 Kyoto Protocol international treaty established goals for nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The EU 15 countries agreed to collectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8.0% on 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012. Ireland's responsibility towards this goal was not to exceed a 13.0% increase on 1990 levels.
In Ireland, greenhouse gas emissions fell below the Kyoto limit of 113.0% of 1990 levels between 1990 and 1996. However, in 1997 emissions were exactly at the Kyoto limit, and from there they increased to a peak of 128.7% in 2001.
By 2009, Irish greenhouse gas emissions fell below the Kyoto limit again, and in 2011 decreased to a low of 104.6%. In recent years greenhouse gas emissions remained broadly at the 2011 levels, but started to increase in 2015, resulting in 2016 being the first year since 2008 that emissions exceeded the limits established in the Kyoto protocol.
In 2016, Ireland's net greenhouse gas emissions were at 113.1% or 0.1% over the limit of 113.0% established by the Kyoto Protocol.
By 2017, Ireland's net greenhouse gas emissions dropped below the Kyoto limit to 112.9%.
A total of four EU28 countries exceeded the Kyoto target index in 2017. These were Slovenia (1.8%), Spain (6.8%), Luxembourg (18.8%) and Austria (19.2%).

Country	Ireland	Kyoto Target
2007	125.8	113
2008	124.2	113
2009	112.9	113
2010	112.3	113
2011	104.6	113
2012	105.1	113
2013	105.2	113
2014	105	113
2015	109.3	113
2016	113.1	113
2017	112.9	113

Ireland: Greenhouse gas emissions

Table 3.2 Ireland: Greenhouse gas emissions, 2007-2016¹
Year	Carbon Dioxide	Nitrous Oxide	Methane	HFC, PFC, SF₆, NF₃	Total GHG Emissions
Year	000 tonnes CO₂	000 tonnes N₂O	000 tonnes CH₄	000 tonnes CO₂ eq.	000 tonnes CO₂ eq.
2007	47,623	21	515	1,175	68,056
2008	47,300	21	507	1,037	67,341
2009	42,109	21	492	1,038	61,601
2010	41,680	22	482	1,012	61,233
2011	38,009	20	480	1,016	57,106
2012	38,195	21	492	996	57,736
2013	37,183	22	506	1,123	57,615
2014	36,682	22	518	1,183	57,316
2015	38,444	22	533	1,142	59,427
2016	39,928	22	548	1,267	61,546
Source: CSO, Environmental Accounts Air Emissions
¹Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions is greater than the sum of the components shown in the table above as nitrous oxide and methane are not shown in CO₂ equivalents.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.2 (XLS 11KB)

The three main components of greenhouse gas emissions are carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and methane (CH₄). The other gases that contribute to emissions are hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC), sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃). These latter four gases accounted for between 1.5% and 2.0% of total GHG emissions.
Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions decreased from 68.1 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent in 2007 to 57.1 million tonnes in 2011. GHG emissions then increased from 57.6 to 61.5 million tonnes between 2013 and 2016.
There was a 9.6% decrease in total greenhouse gas emissions between 2007 and 2016. In the same time period, there was a 16.2% decrease in CO₂ emissions, a 4.8% increase in N₂O emissions, and a 6.4% increase in CH₄ emissions.
Carbon dioxide emissions decreased from 47.6 to 36.7 million tonnes between 2007 and 2014, before increasing to 39.9 million tonnes in 2016.

Ireland: Vehicles licensed for the first time by type

Table 3.3 Ireland: Number of vehicles licensed for the first time by type, 2008-2018
	Number of Vehicles
Year	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol/Electric Hybrid	Electric Only	Total
2008	98,778	92,046	1,215	38	192,077
2009	26,223	45,847	292	59	72,421
2010	29,668	69,544	739	66	100,017
2011	25,181	78,543	558	103	104,385
2012	19,517	73,525	635	215	93,892
2013	20,531	71,693	582	72	92,878
2014	25,162	91,225	995	238	117,620
2015	35,110	116,623	1,402	497	153,632
2016	42,128	135,892	2,571	411	181,002
2017	41,964	114,461	4,486	664	161,575
2018	49,778	99,100	6,921	1,328	157,127
Source: CSO, Vehicle Licensing Statistics

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.3 (XLS 11KB)

In Ireland, the total number of vehicles licensed for the first time in 2018 was 157,127.
In 2018, diesel vehicles were the most common type of vehicle licensed for the first time at 63.1% (or 99,100 vehicles). This was followed by petrol vehicles (49,778 or 31.7%), petrol/electric hybrids (6,921 or 4.4%) and electric only vehicles (1,328 or 0.9%).
Although the number of petrol/electric hybrids and electric only licensed vehicles was low compared to diesel and petrol in 2018, the percentage of such vehicles increased 54.3% and 100.0% from 4,486 and 664 respectively compared to 2017.

Vehicle	Petrol	Diesel
2008	98778	92046
2009	26223	45847
2010	29668	69544
2011	25181	78543
2012	19517	73525
2013	20531	71693
2014	25162	91225
2015	35110	116623
2016	42128	135892
2017	41964	114461
2018	49778	99100

Vehicle	Petrol/Electric Hybrid	Electric Only
2008	1215	38
2009	292	59
2010	739	66
2011	558	103
2012	635	215
2013	582	72
2014	995	238
2015	1402	497
2016	2571	411
2017	4486	664
2018	6921	1328

Ireland: Annual average particulate matter in urban areas, 2008-2018

Table 3.4 Ireland: Particulate matter in urban areas, 2008-2018¹
PM₁₀ (µg/m³)
Year	Dublin		Cork		Towns > 15,000
Year	Average PM₁₀	Number of Days PM₁₀ Daily Limit Exceeded	Average PM₁₀	Number of Days PM₁₀ Daily Limit Exceeded	Average PM₁₀	Number of Days PM₁₀ Daily Limit Exceeded
2008	17	7	16	1	18	5
2009	17	1	18	6	19	4
2010	19	7	22	7	27	34
2011	14	7	21	19	21	24
2012	13	0	17	7	19	8
2013	14	3	17	5	21	11
2014	14	1	16	5	21	10
2015	14	4	17	3	18	10
2016	14	2	18	7	17	12
2017	13	3	17	4	16	9
2018	14	0	17	0	16	4
Source: Environmantal Protection Agency
¹See Appendix 1 for location of monitoring stations

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.4 (XLS 10KB)

The annual average measure of particulate matter (PM₁₀) in Dublin ranged from 17 to 19 µg/m³ between 2008 and 2010, before dropping to 14 µg/m³ in 2011. Between 2011 and 2018, the level of PM₁₀ in Dublin ranged from 13 to 14 µg/m³.
The number of days the daily limit of PM₁₀ was exceeded in Dublin declined from 7 in 2008 to 0 in 2012. It then increased to 4 days by 2015, but returned to 0 again in 2018.
In Cork, the level of PM10 varied from a low of 16 to a high of 22 µg/m³ between 2008 and 2018.
Between 2008 and 2018, the average level of PM₁₀ in towns with a population greater than 15,000 persons was in the range of 16 to 27 µg/m³. In 2017, the daily limit of PM₁₀ was exceeded on 4 days out of the year.
The EU set a limit of 50 µg/m³ of PM10 in a 24 hour period, and this limit was not exceeded in Ireland at any point between 2008 and 2018.

Year	Dublin	Cork	Towns > 15,000	EU Limit
2008	7	1	5	35
2009	1	6	4	35
2010	7	7	34	35
2011	7	19	24	35
2012	0	7	8	35
2013	3	5	11	35
2014	1	5	10	35
2015	4	3	10	35
2016	2	7	12	35
2017	3	4	9	35
2018	0	0	4	35

Ireland: Annual average fine particulate matter concentrations

Table 3.5 Ireland: Annual average fine particulate matter, 2009-2018¹
PM _2.5 (µg/m³)
Year	Dublin	Cork	Towns > 15,000	Rural
2009	11	11	10	:
2010	12	15	16	:
2011	12	12	14	9
2012	11	9	12	9
2013	11	11	:	16
2014	9	8	16	14
2015	10	7	12	10
2016	10	7	12	12
2017	9	6	11	9
2018	9	8	10	9
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
¹See Appendix 1 for locations of monitoring stations

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.5 (XLS 11KB)

Between 2009 and 2018, the annual average fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Dublin ranged from a high of 12 µg/m³to a low of 9 µg/m³.
In Cork, the level of fine particulate matter increased from 11 µg/m³ in 2009 to 15 µg/m³ in 2010, before dropping to 8 µg/m³ in 2018.
In towns greater than 15,000 persons, the average level of fine particulate matter ranged from 10 µg/m³ in 2009 to 16 µg/m³ in 2013, before dropping back to 10 µg/m³ in 2018.
In rural areas, the average level of fine particulate matter in 2018 was 9 µg/m³. This was the same as the previous year, and remains the lowest since 2012.
There were no regions where PM_2.5 levels exceeded the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. These occurrances were most frequent in towns with a population greater than 15,000.

EU: Energy Productivity

Table 3.6 EU28: Energy productivity, 2013-2017¹
€ per kg of oil equivalent (KGOE)
Country	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Ireland	12.6	13.7	16.2	16.0	17.6
Denmark	13.2	14.0	14.3	14.3	14.5
United Kingdom	9.7	10.5	10.6	10.9	11.3
Luxembourg	9.8	10.5	11.0	11.3	11.1
Italy	9.6	10.2	9.9	10.1	9.9
Austria	9.0	9.4	9.3	9.4	9.5
Germany	8.2	8.7	8.8	8.9	9.0
Eurozone 19	7.8	8.3	8.3	8.4	8.5
France	7.7	8.1	8.0	8.2	8.4
EU28	7.6	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3
Sweden	7.5	7.8	8.3	8.1	8.3
Spain	7.9	8.2	8.2	8.3	8.2
Netherlands	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.8
Portugal	7.3	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.3
Greece	7.1	7.2	7.2	7.3	7.1
Cyprus	7.2	7.0	7.0	6.9	7.1
Belgium	5.9	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.2
Slovenia	5.2	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.8
Finland	5.6	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.8
Croatia	5.1	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.4
Romania	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.9
Lithuania	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.8
Latvia	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.7
Slovakia	4.3	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7
Hungary	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
Poland	4.0	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3
Czechia	3.6	3.8	4.0	4.2	4.2
Malta	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.3
Estonia	2.6	2.8	3.1	2.9	3.1
Bulgaria	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3

Iceland	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.2
Norway	10.0	11.8	11.7	12.6	11.9
Turkey	6.4	6.3	6.1	6.0	6.0
Albania	4.0	4.0	4.4	4.4	4.4
Montenegro	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.6
Macedonia	2.7	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.0
Serbia	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.2
Source: Eurostat
¹Sorted by 2017, descending.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.6 (XLS 12KB)

Energy productivity measures the amount of output that is produced per unit of gross inland energy consumption and provides an indicator of the energy consumption.
Ireland's energy productivity increased from €12.6 per kilogram of oil equivalent (KGOE) in 2013 to €17.6 per KGOE in 2017. This was the highest energy productivity in the EU28 in 2017.
In the EU28, Ireland had the highest energy productivity each year since 2015, peaking at €17.6 per KGOE in 2017.
In 2017, the EU28 28 average energy productivity was €8.3 per KGOE, with the lowest energy productivity in Bulgaria, at €2.3 per KGOE.

Country	Energy Intensity
Ireland	17.6
Denmark	14.5
United Kingdom	11.3
Luxembourg	11.1
Italy	9.9
Austria	9.5
Germany	9
France	8.4
Sweden	8.3
Spain	8.2
Netherlands	7.8
Portugal	7.3
Greece	7.1
Cyprus	7.1
Belgium	6.2
Slovenia	5.8
Finland	5.8
Croatia	5.4
Romania	4.9
Lithuania	4.8
Latvia	4.7
Slovakia	4.7
Hungary	4.3
Poland	4.3
Czechia	4.2
Malta	3.3
Estonia	3.1
Bulgaria	2.3
Iceland	2.2
Norway	11.9
Turkey	6
Albania	4.4
Montenegro	3.6
Macedonia	3
Serbia	2.2

Ireland: Municipal waste generated, recovered and landfilled

Table 3.7 Ireland: Total municipal waste generated, recovered and landfilled 2007-2017¹
Year	Waste Generated	Waste Recovered	Waste Landfilled	Waste Generated per Person	Waste Recovered	Waste Landfilled
Year	'000 tonnes			kg per capita	% of waste generated
2007	3,397.7	1,159.8	2,014.8	776.5	34.1	59.3
2008	3,224.3	1,165.1	1,938.7	718.9	36.1	60.1
2009	2,952.9	1,101.3	1,723.7	651.4	37.3	58.4
2010	2,846.1	1,084.9	1,495.6	624.9	38.1	52.5
2011	2,823.2	1,202.6	1,344.0	617.1	42.6	47.6
2012	2,692.5	1,450.7	1,027.6	586.1	53.9	38.2
2013	:	:	:	:	:	:
2014	2,619.0	2,038.6	536.5	563.8	77.8	20.5
2015	:	:	:	:	:	:
2016	2,763.2	2,007.4	710.8	583.0	72.6	25.7
2017	2,768.0	2,100.7	622.9	577.6	75.9	22.5
Source: EPA National Waste Statistics
¹Data unavailable for 2013 and 2015.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.7 (XLS 11KB)

The amount of municipal waste in Ireland dropped from 3.4 million tonnes in 2007 to 2.8 million tonnes in 2017, a decrease of 18.5%.
In the same period, there was a 69.1% decrease in the quantity of waste landfilled and a 81.1% increase in the quantity of waste recovered.
Similarly, the quantity of municipal waste generated per person decreased between 2007 and 2017, from 776.5kg to 577.6kg.
Waste recovered as a proportion of total waste generated rose from 34.1% in 2007 to 77.8% in 2014. It then decreased to 72.6% in 2016, before increasing again to 75.9% in 2017.

Year	% Waste Recovered	% Waste Landfilled
2007	34.1350267226224	59.2992342134331
2008	36.1351879690387	60.1281339932841
2009	37.2955399776491	58.3731247248468
2010	38.1188292751484	52.5491022803134
2011	42.5970529895154	47.6055539812978
2012	53.878962480367	38.1638952408082
2013	0	0
2014	77.8380525159505	20.4858696961283
2015	0	0
2016	72.6493186984355	25.7242866609221
2017	75.8897170311299	22.5026128568089

EU: Municipal waste generated and treated

Table 3.8 EU28: Municipal waste generated and treated, 2017^1,2
	Waste Generated	Landfill	Recycling	Composting	Incineration	Landfill
Country	kg per capita				% of waste generated
Germany	627	1	49.0	18.2	31.3	0.2
Sweden	452	2	31.4	15.5	52.9	0.4
Denmark	782	7	28.4	18.5	52.3	0.9
Belgium	411	4	34.1	19.7	42.8	1.0
Finland	510	5	27.5	13.1	58.6	1.0
Netherlands	513	7	26.3	28.3	44.4	1.4
Austria	570	12	25.8	31.9	38.8	2.1
Luxembourg	615	40	28.5	21.8	43.3	6.5
Slovenia	471	48	42.3	15.5	11.5	10.2
United Kingdom	468	77	26.9	16.9	37.4	16.5
Estonia	390	75	24.6	3.6	42.3	19.2
France	526	115	24.5	18.4	35.0	21.9
Ireland	578	130	31.4	8.9	31.8	22.5
EU28	487	113	29.6	16.6	28.1	23.2
Italy	488	114	27.9	20.1	19.1	23.4
Lithuania	455	149	24.2	24.0	18.2	32.7
Poland	315	132	26.7	7.0	24.4	41.9
Portugal	487	230	11.5	16.8	19.7	47.2
Hungary	385	186	26.8	8.3	16.1	48.3
Czech Republic	344	167	27.0	7.3	17.4	48.5
Spain	473	250	18.0	15.2	11.8	52.9
Slovakia	378	229	21.2	8.7	9.5	60.6
Bulgaria	435	269	26.9	7.8	3.4	61.8
Latvia	411	267	17.8	7.1	2.7	65.0
Romania	272	192	7.4	6.6	4.4	70.6
Croatia	416	301	21.4	2.2	0.0	72.4
Cyprus	637	482	14.3	1.9	0.3	75.7
Greece	504	403	14.7	4.2	1.0	80.0
Malta	631	520	7.0	0.0	0.0	82.4


Switzerland	706	0	30.7	21.7	47.5	0.0
Norway	748	26	28.9	10.0	52.9	3.5
Iceland	656	416	19.1	6.7	3.7	63.4
Serbia	306	256	0.3	0.0	0.0	83.7
Turkey	425	359	8.7	0.5	0.0	84.5
Montenegro	509	473	3.5	0.2	0.0	92.9
				Source: Eurostat, EPA National Waste Statistics
¹Data for Ireland sourced from the EPA
² Sorted by percent landfilled, ascending.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.8 (XLS 13KB)

Less than a quarter (22.5%) of municipal waste was sent to landfill in Ireland in 2017, below the EU28 rate of 23.2%.
Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium and Finland had very low percentages of waste landfilled (1.0% or less), and Switzerland sent no waste to landfill in 2017. These countries have very high rates of recycling and incineration.
In contrast, more than 80% of waste in Malta and Greece went to landfill.
Less than a third (31.4%) of waste was recycled in Ireland in 2017, above the EU28 average of 29.6% and the third highest in the EU28.
Ireland incinerated 31.8% of its waste in 2017, above the EU28 average of 28.1%.
Ireland had the sixth highest quantity of waste generated per capita in the EU28 at 578kg. Denmark had the highest waste generated per capita (782kg) and Romania had the lowest (272kg).

EU: Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants

Table 3.9 EU28: Passenger Cars Per 1,000 Inhabitants, 2013-2017¹
Cars per 1,000 inhabitants
Country	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Luxembourg	661	662	661	662	670
Finland	570	580	590	604	617
Malta	596	605	611	615	613
Cyprus	553	565	575	595	609
Poland	510	526	546	571	593
Germany	543	547	548	555	561
Austria	546	547	546	:	555
Estonia	478	497	514	534	550
Slovenia	516	518	523	531	541
Czech Republic	450	459	485	502	522
Belgium	491	494	497	503	508
Spain	474	474	481	492	504
Portugal	415	453	457	470	492
Greece	469	471	474	479	487
Netherlands	471	472	477	481	487
Lithuania	615	413	431	456	483
Sweden	466	470	474	477	479
France	498	490	484	479	478
United Kingdom	:	:	463	469	471
Ireland	428	431	436	439	444
Denmark	405	412	419	429	438
Slovakia	347	360	375	390	408
Bulgaria	402	418	442	443	393
Croatia	341	349	358	374	389
Latvia	317	331	345	341	356
Hungary	308	315	325	338	355
Italy	608	610	:	625	:
Romania	235	247	261	:	:

Switzerland	531	532	535	537	539
Norway	489	495	501	506	514
Macedonia	168	180	185	190	194
Turkey	121	127	134	142	149
Source: Eurostat
¹ Sorted by 2017, descending.
: indicates data unavailable.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.9 (XLS 10KB)

In Ireland, the number of passenger cars per 1,000 people increased from 428 in 2013 to 444 by 2017. Ireland had the seventh lowest ratio of passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants in the EU28 in 2017.
In the same year, Hungary had the lowest number of passenger cars, at 355 per 1,000 inhabitants, while Luxembourg had the highest, at 670.

EU: Modal split of inland freight transport

Table 3.10 EU28: Modal Split of Inland Freight Transport, 2017¹
% of inland freight
Country	Inland Waterways	Railways	Roads
Latvia	:	74.0	26.0
Lithuania	0.0	66.7	33.3
Romania	27.4	30.2	42.4
Netherlands	44.7	5.9	49.4
Estonia	:	44.4	55.6
Bulgaria	24.9	18.5	56.6
Hungary	4.8	32.4	62.7
Slovakia	3.6	32.9	63.5
Slovenia	:	35.5	64.5
Austria	2.9	31.8	65.4
Sweden	0.0	30.2	69.8
Finland	0.3	27.3	72.4
Czech Republic	0.0	26.9	73.1
Germany	8.8	17.8	73.4
Croatia	6.3	20.1	73.6
Belgium	15.6	10.7	73.7
Poland	0.1	23.9	76.0
EU28	6.0	17.3	76.7
Portugal	:	14.1	85.9
Italy	0.0	13.6	86.4
France	2.4	10.5	87.2
Luxembourg	5.8	6.3	87.9
Denmark	:	11.5	88.5
United Kingdom	0.1	9.6	90.4
Spain	:	5.1	94.9
Greece	:	1.8	98.2
Ireland	:	0.9	99.1
Cyprus	:	:	100.0
Malta	:	:	100.0

Iceland	:	:	:
Norway	:	15.2	84.8
Switzerland	0.1	34.7	65.1
			Source: Eurostat
¹ Sorted by roads, ascending.
: indicates data unavailable.

Open in Excel: Measuring Ireland's Progress, 2018 Table 3.10 (XLS 10KB)

Almost all (99.1%) inland freight transport in Ireland went by roads in 2017, with just 0.9% transported on the railways. No inland freight used inland waterways in Ireland.
Ireland had the highest percentage of freight travelling by road of those EU28 countries that had alternative transport options available. Malta and Cyprus have no rail or inland waterway transport, thus all inland freight travelled by road in these two countries.
Latvia had the lowest percentage of freight transport travelling by road at 26.0% in 2016. Lithuania was the only other country which had more freight travelling by rail than by road, with 66.7% by railways, and 33.3% travelling by roads.
The Netherlands had the most freight travelling by inland waterways in 2017, at 44.7%. This was significantly greater than the EU28 average of 6.0%.

Measuring Ireland's Progress 2018

Environment

EU: Net Greenhouse gas emissions

Ireland: Greenhouse gas emissions

Ireland: Vehicles licensed for the first time by type

Ireland: Annual average particulate matter in urban areas, 2008-2018

Ireland: Annual average fine particulate matter concentrations

EU: Energy Productivity

Ireland: Municipal waste generated, recovered and landfilled

EU: Municipal waste generated and treated

EU: Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants

EU: Modal split of inland freight transport

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