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There were 2,885,400 persons aged 15-89 years in the labour force in Q2 2024, using standard International Labour Organisation (ILO) criteria. This represented an increase of 80,500 or 2.9% over the year. This compares with an annual labour force increase of 82,500 (+3.0%) in Q2 2023 and an increase of 153,700 (+6.0%) in Q2 2022. See Table 2.1.
The number of males in the labour force increased by 2.9% (+42,600) to 1,518,000 in the year to Q2 2024, while the number of females in the labour force increased by 2.8% (+37,900) to 1,367,400. See Table 2.1.
The participation rate for all persons aged 15 years and over was up from 65.7% in Q2 2023 to 66.0% in Q2 2024. In Q2 2024, the participation rate for males was 70.9% compared to 61.4% for females.
The labour market participation rate among those aged 15-24 years stood at 54.2% in Q2 2024. The participation rate was highest among the 25-34 and 35-44 year-old age groups at 88.2% for both. See Tables 2.1 and 2.2.
The number of people in the labour force is influenced by changes in the size of the working age population (the demographic effect). Up to late 2008, this demographic effect added at least 30,000 to the labour force each year, driven mainly by immigration, peaking at 90,500 in Q2 2007.
The positive demographic effect started to fall in the second half of 2007 as immigration decreased. It continued to fall in 2008 and 2009 and was negative between Q3 2009 and Q1 2014. The demographic effect turned positive again in Q2 2014 and has remained positive since then, contributing an increase of 59,000 to the labour force in the year to Q2 2024.
In addition to the demographic effect, the change in the size of the labour force is influenced by changes in participation. The overall participation rate increased to 66.0%, compared to 65.7% a year earlier. The net result of changes in individual age groups for the same period was a positive participation effect of 21,500. See Tables 2.1 and 2.2.
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