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International Accounts Q4 2021

Balance of International Payments

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Current account balance of €1.5bn in Quarter 4 2021

Table 1.1 Balance of International Payments				€ million
	Merchandise Balance	Services and Income Balance	Current Account Balance	Current Account Balance as % of GDP
Q4 2020	35,124	-24,235	10,890	11.6
Q4 2021	41,277	-39,771	1,506	1.4

Q1-Q4 2020	144,952	-154,846	-9,892	-2.7
Q1-Q4 2021	172,943	-114,144	58,798	13.9

Open in Excel: International Accounts Q4 2021 Table 1.1 (XLS 10KB)

The Balance of Payments current account, a measure of Ireland’s economic flows with the rest of the world, showed a surplus of €1.5bn in the fourth quarter of 2021. Increased R&D and Royalty imports have contributed to the reduced current account surplus.

	Current Account
Q3 2019	12.465483158424
Q4 2019	-63.5161880916754
Q1 2020	-49.2835487394886
Q2 2020	11.6541962287259
Q3 2020	15.1416633507514
Q4 2020	11.5649766415266
Q1 2021	18.9417611114286
Q2 2021	14.8989309568967
Q3 2021	20.3511305440226
Q4 2021	1.41953658723128

	Merchandise	Services	Primary Income	Secondary Income	Balance on Current Account
Q3 2019	31.248	1.313	-20.094	-0.852	11.616
Q4 2019	29.188	-68.463	-18.838	-0.66	-58.773
Q1 2020	37.656	-61.58	-20.951	-1.05	-45.924
Q2 2020	34.277	-1.664	-21.784	-0.974	9.855
Q3 2020	37.895	6.842	-28.722	-0.728	15.287
Q4 2020	35.124	-5.498	-17.703	-1.034	10.89
Q1 2021	43.658	4.953	-28.305	-1.265	19.04
Q2 2021	42.28	2.945	-29.252	-0.98	14.993
Q3 2021	45.728	4.805	-26.597	-0.677	23.259
Q4 2021	41.277	-15.831	-22.513	-1.427	1.506

Other points of note in the Quarter 4 2021 results are:

Current account (see Table 1.3)

Merchandise exports were €72,681m in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of €8,782m compared with the fourth quarter of 2020. Merchandise imports were €31,404m in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of €2,630m over the same period in 2020.
Service exports at €83,125m increased by €7,986m compared to the fourth quarter of 2020, mainly due to higher Computer services exports (which increased by €8,942m).
Service imports at €98,956m were up €18,320m over the same period in 2020, mainly due to higher Royalty imports and higher Business services imports.
Ireland’s trade balance at €25,446m, all goods and services exports less all goods and services imports, decreased by €4,181m in the fourth quarter of 2021 over the same period in 2020.
Investment income earned abroad at €30,377m, increased by €6,241m compared with one year earlier while investment income payable to foreign investors at €53,046m increased by €11,029m. The overall income balance for the quarter at -€23,939m decreased by €5,202m compared with the same period in 2020.

	Direct Investment	Portfolio Investment	Other Investment	Reserve Assets	Balance on Financial Account
Q3 2019	-2.461	-8.325	12.318	0.144	1.677
Q4 2019	-59.467	31.046	-30.496	0.169	-58.748
Q1 2020	-52.356	-85.894	79.837	0.139	-58.274
Q2 2020	-58.414	48.251	10.867	-0.014	0.689
Q3 2020	-6.514	0.883	16.066	0.76	11.196
Q4 2020	7.085	16.074	-11.948	0.41	11.621
Q1 2021	22.855	12.427	-23.254	0.173	12.201
Q2 2021	3.693	-0.641	17.67	0.072	20.794
Q3 2021	-11.444	-2.057	22.402	4.081	12.982
Q4 2021	24.023	-0.022	-15.678	0.654	8.977

Financial account (see Tables 1.4 and 1.5)

Direct investment in Ireland increased by €16,954m in the fourth quarter of 2021. This was due to increased other capital of €12,192m and increased reinvested earnings of €11,756m which were offset by decreased equity investment of €6,993m. Direct investment abroad increased by €40,977m in the quarter, mainly due to equity investment abroad which increased by €28,797m.
Portfolio investment in foreign assets increased by €144,629m in the quarter due to increased investment in both foreign equity of €63,623m and foreign debt instruments of €81,006m. Portfolio investment in Ireland increased by €144,651m, mainly due to increased purchase of Irish equity of €113,237m. Investment in Irish debt was €31,414m.
Other investment assets and liabilities decreased by €24,279m and €8,601m respectively in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Table 1.2 Summary of Current, Capital and Financial Account Balances

Table 1.2 Summary of Current, Capital and Financial Account Balances														€ million
Period							Balance on Current Account	Balance on Capital Account	Direct Investment	Portfolio Investment	Other² Investment	Reserve Assets	Balance on Financial Account	Net errors and omissions
		Merchandise¹	services and income balance
			Services	Primary Income	Secondary Income	Total
2002	Year	36,982	-13,619	-21,910	-1,116	-36,645	337	588	-19,444	37,979	-19,425	-343	-1,233	-2,158
2003	Year	32,954	-10,903	-20,035	-1,303	-32,241	713	445	-15,270	39,977	-22,751	-1,770	186	-972
2004	Year	34,588	-12,141	-21,345	-1,255	-34,741	-153	355	23,095	-14,287	-12,170	-1,177	-4,539	-4,741
2005	Year	32,184	-13,655	-22,786	-1,769	-38,210	-6,026	340	37,660	-52,698	15,364	-1,472	-1,147	4,539
2006	Year	27,194	-12,313	-22,723	-2,063	-37,099	-9,905	299	15,841	-8,135	-16,635	-87	-9,016	590
2007	Year	28,698	-12,384	-26,630	-2,510	-41,524	-12,826	115	-1,621	7,283	-20,086	12	-14,413	-1,702
2008	Year	32,622	-16,468	-25,141	-2,729	-44,339	-11,716	119	23,288	45,749	-85,932	78	-16,817	-5,220
2009	Year	38,752	-15,823	-27,885	-2,948	-46,656	-7,904	14	-245	-22,626	19,433	-79	-3,517	4,373
2010	Year	41,288	-13,421	-27,178	-2,701	-43,300	-2,012	91	-16,318	-85,965	90,883	-5	-11,404	-9,484
2011	Year	41,257	-9,096	-32,312	-2,660	-44,067	-2,810	234	-18,698	-26,908	31,086	-329	-14,849	-12,272
2012	Year	36,896	-6,282	-33,939	-2,609	-42,830	-5,934	86	-20,497	-767	10,952	-12	-10,324	-4,476
2013	Year	34,506	-718	-28,069	-2,931	-31,718	2,787	-936	-16,137	35,737	-15,467	10	4,143	2,289
2014	Year	40,731	-5,546	-30,341	-2,750	-38,637	2,093	-6,769	-5,279	-27,862	20,506	136	-12,498	-7,824
2015	Year	113,394	-37,715	-60,785	-3,338	-101,838	11,556	-1,303	-44,510	-88,281	138,621	494	6,321	-3,930
2016	Year	106,088	-63,735	-49,912	-3,813	-117,460	-11,373	-4,331	-8,430	27,711	-29,073	1,456	-8,335	7,368
2017	Year	109,119	-43,491	-61,063	-3,106	-107,660	1,457	-25,855	-48,583	-57,643	89,127	399	-16,700	7,697
2018	Year	109,446	-16,342	-73,440	-3,656	-93,438	16,007	-52,019	14,540	37,841	-93,670	762	-40,525	-4,514
2019	Year	118,116	-105,564	-79,838	-3,486	-188,888	-70,772	-35,310	-104,826	10,153	-7,674	422	-101,925	4,156
2020	Year	144,952	-61,900	-89,160	-3,786	-154,846	-9,892	-15,526	-110,199	-20,686	94,822	1,295	-34,768	-9,349
2021	Year	172,943	-3,128	-106,667	-4,349	-114,144	58,798	-892	39,127	9,707	1,140	4,980	54,954	-2,952

2015	Quarter 1	26,790	-5,794	-16,013	-986	-22,793	3,998	-707	38,272	-72,519	36,581	108	2,441	-849
	Quarter 2	26,894	-8,024	-11,422	-794	-20,240	6,654	-226	-2,591	13,757	-9,476	307	1,996	-4,432
	Quarter 3	29,755	-7,431	-17,792	-593	-25,816	3,939	100	9,983	-17,663	14,477	-24	6,773	2,735
	Quarter 4	29,955	-16,466	-15,558	-965	-32,989	-3,035	-470	-90,174	-11,856	97,039	103	-4,889	-1,384
2016	Quarter 1	27,290	-14,564	-11,001	-1,020	-26,585	705	-2,670	12,279	-7,497	1,420	1,095	7,297	9,262
	Quarter 2	24,440	-16,885	-11,342	-768	-28,995	-4,555	-586	-293	2,933	-14,069	-224	-11,653	-6,513
	Quarter 3	26,315	-12,294	-14,425	-820	-27,539	-1,224	161	-10,522	10,385	-7,662	379	-7,420	-6,357
	Quarter 4	28,043	-19,992	-13,144	-1,205	-34,341	-6,299	-1,236	-9,894	21,890	-8,762	206	3,441	10,976
2017	Quarter 1	25,187	-3,437	-15,139	-616	-19,192	5,994	-8,538	-2,307	-15,609	6,190	-101	-11,827	-9,283
	Quarter 2	24,546	-38,743	-16,392	-1,170	-56,305	-31,759	-12,079	-21,375	-41,427	28,371	163	-34,268	9,570
	Quarter 3	28,663	260	-13,902	-626	-14,268	14,395	-4,640	6,488	452	6,860	235	14,035	4,279
	Quarter 4	30,723	-1,571	-15,630	-694	-17,895	12,827	-598	-31,389	-1,059	47,706	102	15,360	3,131
2018	Quarter 1	28,481	632	-18,056	-974	-18,398	10,082	-109	15,545	19,454	-34,009	4	995	-8,979
	Quarter 2	28,125	-41	-17,298	-1,060	-18,399	9,726	59	10,072	-15,921	19,446	-8	13,589	3,804
	Quarter 3	27,339	1,279	-17,611	-830	-17,162	10,177	63	11,198	8,377	-16,084	196	3,688	-6,553
	Quarter 4	25,501	-18,212	-20,475	-792	-39,479	-13,978	-52,032	-22,275	25,931	-63,023	570	-58,797	7,214
2019	Quarter 1	30,551	334	-19,621	-1,346	-20,633	9,917	-6,936	10,253	5,354	-7,115	-7	8,485	5,504
	Quarter 2	27,129	-38,748	-21,285	-628	-60,661	-33,532	-17,385	-53,151	-17,922	17,619	116	-53,339	-2,422
	Quarter 3	31,248	1,313	-20,094	-852	-19,633	11,616	-5,093	-2,461	-8,325	12,318	144	1,677	-4,847
	Quarter 4	29,188	-68,463	-18,838	-660	-87,961	-58,773	-5,896	-59,467	31,046	-30,496	169	-58,748	5,921
2020	Quarter 1	37,656	-61,580	-20,951	-1,050	-83,581	-45,924	-3,846	-52,356	-85,894	79,837	139	-58,274	-8,504
	Quarter 2	34,277	-1,664	-21,784	-974	-24,422	9,855	-7,085	-58,414	48,251	10,867	-14	689	-2,081
	Quarter 3	37,895	6,842	-28,722	-728	-22,608	15,287	-1,298	-6,514	883	16,066	760	11,196	-2,793
	Quarter 4	35,124	-5,498	-17,703	-1,034	-24,235	10,890	-3,297	7,085	16,074	-11,948	410	11,621	4,029
2021	Quarter 1	43,658	4,953	-28,305	-1,265	-24,617	19,040	-178	22,855	12,427	-23,254	173	12,201	-6,661
	Quarter 2	42,280	2,945	-29,252	-980	-27,287	14,993	-92	3,693	-641	17,670	72	20,794	5,893
	Quarter 3	45,728	4,805	-26,597	-677	-22,469	23,259	-342	-11,444	-2,057	22,402	4,081	12,982	-9,934
	Quarter 4	41,277	-15,831	-22,513	-1,427	-39,771	1,506	-280	24,023	-22	-15,678	654	8,977	7,750
¹Adjusted for balance of payments purposes.
²Includes financial derivatives and also life insurance liabilities to non-residents. Occasionally includes large capital transactions which cannot be shown in the Capital Account Balance due to confidentiality constraints.

Open in Excel: International Accounts Q4 2021 Table 1.2 (XLS 17KB)

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Table 1.3 Current and Capital Accounts

Table 1.3 Current and Capital Accounts											€ million
		2020	2021	2020				2021
Item		Year	Year	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
Current Account
Merchandise¹	Exports	244,809	282,823	62,528	57,033	61,349	63,899	68,821	69,057	72,264	72,681
	Imports	99,856	109,881	24,872	22,756	23,454	28,774	25,164	26,777	26,536	31,404

International trade	Exports	161,894	164,733	44,206	37,848	40,540	39,300	40,454	40,366	40,516	43,397
	Imports	83,022	96,651	20,894	17,714	19,659	24,755	20,583	25,091	22,779	28,198
Goods for processing	Exports	73,945	105,033	14,737	16,728	18,535	23,945	25,257	21,162	27,410	31,204
	Imports	14,851	12,644	3,230	4,722	3,322	3,577	4,114	1,854	4,228	2,448
Other conceptual adjustments	Exports	-5,901	-13,288	-83	-884	-1,316	-3,618	-2290	-1986	-2805	-6207
	Imports	1,983	584	747	320	474	442	466	-168	-472	758
Merchanting (net export)	Exports	14,873	26,346	3,668	3,342	3,591	4,272	5,400	9,516	7,143	4,287

Services	Exports	244,069	285,573	55,756	55,356	57,818	75,139	62,212	68,818	71,418	83,125
	Imports	305,968	288,701	117,336	57,021	50,975	80,636	57,259	65,873	66,613	98,956
Repairs and Processing	Exports	2,707	1,933	609	695	696	707	560	379	411	583
	Imports	7,377	8,292	1,530	1,874	1,586	2,387	1,963	1,849	1,953	2,527
Transport	Exports	2,535	2,505	1,088	298	806	343	162	278	1,188	877
	Imports	3,914	4,597	987	956	901	1,070	1,053	1,099	1,128	1,317
Tourism and Travel ²	Exports	1,645	767	769	277	313	286	125	144	226	272
	Imports	2,072	903	1,227	193	299	353	114	160	311	318
Insurance	Exports	11,284	13,232	2,767	2,658	2,731	3,128	3,145	3,144	3,328	3,615
	Imports	9,282	10,164	2,479	2,299	2,056	2,448	2,499	2,608	2,467	2,590
Financial services	Exports	19,129	21,925	3,936	4,350	4,973	5,870	5,491	5,631	5,568	5,235
	Imports	16,943	18,790	3,691	4,009	4,281	4,962	4,537	4,764	4,742	4,747
Royalties/Licences	Exports	13,085	14,889	2,723	2,847	3,004	4,511	2,761	3,568	3,720	4,840
	Imports	84,421	112,593	18,935	18,468	16,200	30,818	22,461	26,283	27,641	36,208
of which: Pharmaceutical products and preparations	Exports	118	168	20	30	23	45	25	44	36	63
	Imports	14,391	18,661	2,936	3,726	2,936	4,793	3,201	4,795	3,731	6,934
Information and communication	Exports	8,107	9,410	1,714	1,672	1,717	3,004	1,685	2,275	2,246	3,204
	Imports	56,855	79,612	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Communications	Exports	259	242	71	63	63	62	60	61	61	60
	Imports	442	471	108	115	107	112	110	118	122	121
Computer services³	Exports	134,182	169,909	30,633	30,566	31,858	41,125	36,747	41,289	41,806	50,067
	Imports	6,306	7,681	1,471	1,644	1,541	1,650	1,623	1,949	1,954	2,155
Business services	Exports	48,214	46,862	11,681	10,682	10,798	15,053	10,298	10,938	12,133	13,493
	Imports	173,741	123,463	86,528	27,143	23,628	36,442	22,560	26,660	25,796	48,447
Research and development	Exports	9,198	5,229	1,411	1,228	1,137	5,422	1,001	1,053	1,407	1,768
	Imports	104,183	45,234	*	10,809	6,705	*	6,625	7,053	7,489	24,067
of which: IP related	Exports	4,710	589	*	*	121	*	*	123	*	5
	Imports	79,374	17,747	*	3,983	699	*	*	*	197	*
Operational leasing	Exports	18,122	16,730	4,971	4,715	4,261	4,175	4,162	4,161	4,091	4,316
	Imports	1,183	1,400	291	291	297	304	311	322	351	416
Misc. business services⁴	Exports	20,897	24,904	5,299	4,740	5,401	5,457	5,134	5,725	6,636	7,409
	Imports	68,376	76,830	*	16,043	16,626	*	15,624	19,285	17,956	23,965
Other services n.e.s.	Exports	11,033	13,310	1,479	2,922	2,576	4,056	2,863	3,386	2,979	4,082
	Imports	1,472	1,744	381	319	378	394	339	381	498	526

Merchandise and Services - Total	Exports	488,878	568,396	118,284	112,390	119,167	139,037	131,033	137,875	143,682	155,806
	Imports	405,825	398,582	142,207	79,777	74,430	109,411	82,422	92,650	93,149	130,361

Trade Balance	Net	83,054	169,815	-23,923	32,613	44,737	29,627	48,611	45,225	50,533	25,446

Primary Income	Inflows	96,204	113,666	26,331	22,167	23,161	24,545	29,096	28,679	25,067	30,824
	Outflows	185,365	220,333	47,282	43,952	51,883	42,248	57,401	57,932	51,664	53,336
Compensation of Employees	Inflows	245	152	131	38	38	38	38	38	38	38
	Outflows	538	448	181	114	115	128	127	95	112	114
Investment Income	Inflows	94,447	111,953	25,823	21,765	22,723	24,136	28,681	28,271	24,624	30,377
	Outflows	184,388	219,121	47,019	43,639	51,713	42,017	57,149	57,497	51,429	53,046
Direct investment income	Inflows	20,945	33,009	5,931	2,520	5,165	7,329	10,211	7,818	4,562	10,418
	Outflows	98,970	131,535	24,411	21,441	30,895	22,223	36,614	34,791	29,063	31,067

of which: Manufacturing	Outflows	60,584	86,142	14,854	13,064	18,753	13,913	25,413	21,205	20,110	19,414
Information and communication	Outflows	25,759	27,911	5,530	5,897	8,505	5,827	8,201	8,313	4,550	6,847

Income on equity	Inflows	18,104	31,031	5,026	1,778	4,535	6,765	9,679	7,349	4,094	9,909
	Outflows	87,854	121,750	21,654	18,582	27,957	19,661	33,954	32,326	26,593	28,877
Dividends & distributed	Inflows	1,723	12,026	271	202	558	692	1,781	801	*	*
branch profits	Outflows	24,304	71,492	12,235	2,444	4,198	5,427	30,710	9,175	14,485	17,122
Reinvested earnings	Inflows	16,383	19,005	4,756	1,576	3,977	6,074	7,898	6,549	*	*
	Outflows	63,551	50,259	9,420	16,138	23,759	14,234	3,244	23,151	12,108	11,756
Income on debt	Inflows	2,841	1,979	905	742	630	564	533	469	468	509
	Outflows	11,117	9,785	2,757	2,859	2,938	2,563	2,660	2,465	2,470	2,190
Portfolio investment income	Inflows	57,853	63,607	15,431	14,914	14,161	13,347	14,876	16,879	16,393	15,459
	Outflows	71,839	74,394	19,219	18,454	17,674	16,492	17,187	19,146	19,423	18,638
Income on equity	Inflows	17,447	23,570	4,288	4,894	4,528	3,737	5,080	6,999	6,271	5,220
	Outflows	55,018	57,443	14,854	14,255	13,563	12,346	13,016	15,050	15,283	14,094
Income on debt	Inflows	40,406	40,037	11,143	10,020	9,633	9,610	9,797	9,879	10,122	10,239
	Outflows	16,821	16,952	4,365	4,199	4,111	4,146	4,171	4,097	4,140	4,544
Other investment income	Inflows	15,647	15,337	4,460	4,331	3,397	3,459	3,594	3,574	3,669	4,500
	Outflows	13,579	13,192	3,389	3,744	3,144	3,302	3,348	3,560	2,943	3,341
Other primary income	Inflows	1,512	1,560	377	364	400	371	376	370	405	409
	Outflows	438	764	82	198	55	103	124	340	123	177

Secondary Income	Inflows	5,867	6,305	1,535	1,407	1,437	1,488	1,254	1,325	1,804	1,922
	Outflows	9,651	10,654	2,584	2,381	2,164	2,522	2,519	2,305	2,481	3,349

Income Balance	Net	-92,946	-111,016	-22,001	-22,758	-29,450	-18,737	-29,570	-30,233	-27,274	-23,939

Current Account - Total	Inflows	590,947	688,366	146,149	135,964	143,764	165,070	161,382	167,879	170,553	188,552
	Outflows	600,839	629,569	192,073	126,109	128,477	154,180	142,342	152,887	147,294	187,046

Current Account Balance	Net	-9,892	58,798	-45,924	9,855	15,287	10,890	19,040	14,993	23,259	1,506

Capital Account Balance	Net	-15,526	-892	-3,846	-7,085	-1,298	-3,297	-178	-92	-342	-280

Memorandum Item:
Government Income	Inflows	61	39	14	16	15	16	10	10	13	6
	Outflows	2,304	2,570	639	584	530	551	791	656	526	597
¹Adjusted for balance of payments purposes.
²Under the credit item, passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded; such receipts are included under transport credits - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that were not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴Covers mainly advertising and inter-affiliate management charges.

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Table 1.4 Financial Account

Table 1.4 Financial Account¹											€ million
		2020	2021	2020				2021
Item		Year		Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4

Direct Investment	Abroad	-39,395	52,403	-19,929	-9,038	-26,157	15,729	15,414	9,910	-13,898	40,977
	In Ireland	70,803	13,276	32,426	49,377	-19,643	8,643	-7,441	6,217	-2,454	16,954

Equity	Abroad	1,195	44,241	9,219	306	-21,242	12,912	9,725	1,707	4,012	28,797
	In Ireland	57,027	-3,462	412	72,518	-4,676	-11,227	166	5,176	-1,811	-6,993
Reinvested Earnings	Abroad	16,383	19,005	4,756	1,576	3,977	6,074	7,898	6,549	*	*
	In Ireland	63,551	50,259	9,420	16,138	23,759	14,234	3,244	23,151	12,108	11,756
Other Capital	Abroad	-56,973	-10,842	-33,904	-10,920	-8,892	-3,257	-2,209	1,655	*	*
	In Ireland	-49,775	-33,521	22,594	-39,280	-38,726	5,637	-10,852	-22,110	-12,751	12,192

Portfolio Investment	Assets	232,073	355,520	-111,058	150,484	47,018	145,629	71,379	89,118	50,394	144,629
	Liabilities	252,758	345,813	-25,164	102,233	46,135	129,554	58,952	89,759	52,451	144,651

Equity	Assets	96,234	197,624	-12,040	20,852	30,650	56,772	68,971	40,732	24,298	63,623
	Liabilities	180,664	275,643	-33,558	68,806	34,378	111,038	44,991	73,571	43,844	113,237
Debt Instruments	Assets	135,838	157,896	-99,018	129,632	16,368	88,856	2,407	48,387	26,096	81,006
	Liabilities	72,093	70,170	8,393	33,427	11,757	18,516	13,961	16,188	8,607	31,414
Bonds and notes	Assets	87,513	117,613	-35,191	27,808	30,251	64,645	21,058	31,619	34,220	30,716
	Liabilities	64,901	75,321	5,390	22,242	13,625	23,644	13,050	19,378	9,326	33,567
Money market instruments	Assets	48,325	40,282	-63,828	101,824	-13,883	24,212	-18,651	16,768	-8,124	50,289
	Liabilities	7,192	-5,152	3,003	11,185	-1,868	-5,128	910	-3,190	-719	-2,153

Other Investment	Assets	219,368	-4,933	188,038	-40,302	33,205	38,427	11,227	-16,259	24,378	-24,279
	Liabilities	124,547	-6,071	108,201	-51,169	17,139	50,376	34,482	-33,928	1,976	-8,601

Loans, currency and deposits	Assets	181,537	61,878	116,539	-22,176	35,923	51,251	1,001	32,442	20,892	7,543
	Liabilities	61,032	56,993	59,429	-26,653	-4,219	32,475	39,821	2,264	-5,102	20,010
Other²	Assets	37,832	-66,810	71,499	-18,126	-2,718	-12,823	10,226	-48,700	3,486	-31,822
	Liabilities	63,514	-63,068	48,772	-24,516	21,358	17,900	-5,340	-36,193	7,077	-28,612

Reserve Assets		1,295	4,980	139	-14	760	410	173	72	4081	654

Monetary gold		0	176	0	0	0	0	0	0	49	127
Special drawing rights		14	4,082	2	12	0	0	0	0	4003	79
Reserve position in the IMF		-7	0	0	-7	0	0	0	0	0	0
Foreign exchange		118	564	-148	-10	110	166	370	-199	-127	520
Other		1,169	157	285	-9	650	243	-197	271	156	-73

Balance on Financial Account		-34,768	54,954	-58,274	689	11,196	11,621	12,201	20,794	12,982	8,977

Net errors and omissions		-9,349	-2,952	-8,504	-2,081	-2,793	4,029	-6,661	5,893	-9,934	7,750
Memorandum Item:
Government financial	Assets	-130	-1,826	-1,247	136	-163	1,144	-1,808	-83	-178	243
transactions	Liabilities	237	1,672	5,631	9,564	-2,987	-11,971	5,947	-110	-1,414	-2,751
¹Financial account transactions are categorised under two headings 'Assets' and 'Liabilities' for Portfolio Investment, Other Investment and Reserve Assets. 'For Direct Investment, a 'directional' categorisation is used: 'Abroad' 'indicates direct investment by Irish investors in foreign companies; 'Direct investment into Ireland is indicated by the heading 'In Ireland'.
²Includes financial derivatives; in the case of liabilities this category also includes life insurance liabilities to non-residents. Occasionally includes large capital transactions which cannot be shown in the Capital Account Balance due to confidentiality constraints.

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Table 1.5 – Current, Capital and Financial Account activity classified by Institutional Sector

Table 1.5 – Current, Capital and Financial Account activity classified by Institutional Sector¹											€ million
		2020	2021	2020				2021
Item		Year		Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
Current Account - Total	Inflows	590,947	688,366	146,149	135,964	143,764	165,070	161,382	167,879	170,553	188,552
	Outflows	600,839	629,569	192,073	126,109	128,477	154,180	142,342	152,887	147,294	187,046

Merchandise²	Exports	244,809	282,823	62,528	57,033	61,349	63,899	68,821	69,057	72,264	72,681
	Imports	99,856	109,881	24,872	22,756	23,454	28,774	25,164	26,777	26,536	31,404

Services	Exports	244,069	285,573	55,756	55,356	57,818	75,139	62,212	68,818	71,418	83,125
	Imports	305,968	288,701	117,336	57,021	50,975	80,636	57,259	65,873	66,613	98,956

General Government	Exports	449	448	114	112	109	114	117	107	118	106
	Imports	26	29	7	6	6	7	7	7	7	8
Monetary Authority ³	Exports	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Imports	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Monetary Financial Institutions⁴	Exports	4,947	5,353	1,125	1,066	1,311	1,445	1,480	1,438	1,433	1,002
	Imports	3,160	2,783	836	783	765	776	713	697	676	697
Other Sectors⁵	Exports	238,672	279,773	54,517	54,178	56,397	73,580	60,615	67,273	69,868	82,017
	Imports	302,781	285,888	116,492	56,231	50,204	79,854	56,538	65,169	65,930	98,251
of which:
Other Financial Intermediaries	Exports	30,750	35,894	7,194	7,239	7,606	8,711	8,735	8,890	8,977	9,292
	Imports	30,633	50,149	7,311	7,302	7,477	8,543	8,434	8,769	8,482	24,464
Non-Financial Companies⁶	Exports	207,921	243,880	47,323	46,938	48,791	64,869	51,880	58,384	60,891	72,725
	Imports	272,149	235,739	109,181	48,930	42,727	71,311	48,104	56,400	57,448	73,787

Primary Income	Inflows	96,204	113,666	26,331	22,167	23,161	24,545	29,096	28,679	25,067	30,824
	Outflows	185,365	220,333	47,282	43,952	51,883	42,248	57,401	57,932	51,664	53,336

General Government	Inflows	61	39	14	16	15	16	10	10	13	6
	Outflows	2,304	2,570	639	584	530	551	791	656	526	597
Monetary Authority ³	Inflows	361	277	96	92	89	84	81	74	67	55
	Outflows	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Monetary Financial Institutions⁴	Inflows	2,981	1,868	1,548	1,260	465	-292	487	323	295	763
	Outflows	3,811	1,018	1,972	1,013	502	324	228	381	229	180
Other Sectors⁵	Inflows	92,802	111,483	24,673	20,800	22,593	24,736	28,518	28,273	24,692	30,000
	Outflows	179,249	216,744	44,670	42,354	50,851	41,374	56,382	56,894	50,909	52,559
of which:
Other Financial Intermediaries	Inflows	70,077	81,623	18,427	17,923	16,940	16,787	19,456	21,277	20,615	20,275
	Outflows	69,856	82,385	18,086	17,610	17,406	16,754	18,902	21,983	21,063	20,437
Non-Financial Companies⁶	Inflows	22,724	29,860	6,246	2,877	5,652	7,949	9,062	6,996	4,077	9,725
	Outflows	109,394	134,358	26,585	24,744	33,445	24,620	37,480	34,911	29,846	32,121

Secondary Income	Inflows	5,867	6,305	1,535	1,407	1,437	1,488	1,254	1,325	1,804	1,922
	Outflows	9,651	10,654	2,584	2,381	2,164	2,522	2,519	2,305	2,481	3,349

General Government	Inflows	63	227	5	24	5	29	5	26	181	15
	Outflows	3,148	3,920	882	822	557	887	1,110	841	693	1,276
Monetary Authority ³	Inflows	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Outflows	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Monetary Financial Institutions⁴	Inflows	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Outflows	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Sectors⁵	Inflows	5,804	6,078	1,530	1,383	1,432	1,459	1,249	1,298	1,623	1,908
	Outflows	6,502	6,735	1,702	1,558	1,608	1,634	1,410	1,464	1,788	2,073
of which:
Other Financial Intermediaries	Inflows	4,697	4,919	1,240	1,111	1,160	1,186	962	1,008	1,332	1,617
	Outflows	4,697	4,919	1,240	1,111	1,160	1,186	962	1,008	1,332	1,617
Non-Financial Companies⁶	Inflows	1,109	1,160	290	273	273	273	287	291	291	291
	Outflows	1,806	1,816	462	448	448	448	448	456	456	456

Balance on Current Account		-9,892	58,798	-45,924	9,855	15,287	10,890	19,040	14,993	23,259	1,506

Balance on Capital Account		-15,526	-892	-3,846	-7,085	-1,298	-3,297	-178	-92	-342	-280

Financial Account⁷
Direct investment	Abroad	-39,395	52,403	-19,929	-9,038	-26,157	15,729	15,414	9,910	-13,898	40,977
	In Ireland	70,803	13,276	32,426	49,377	-19,643	8,643	-7,441	6,217	-2,454	16,954

General Government	Abroad	2	-3	-1	*	*	1	-1	*	*	*
	In Ireland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Monetary Authority ³	Abroad	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	In Ireland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Monetary Financial Institutions⁴	Abroad	-1,963	-268	-264	*	*	573	-41	*	*	*
	In Ireland	2,413	-1,752	126	-173	780	1,680	-202	96	601	-2,247
Other Sectors⁵	Abroad	-37,435	52,673	-19,665	-6,794	-26,131	15,155	15,455	10,144	-14,005	41,079
	In Ireland	68,390	15,029	32,300	49,550	-20,423	6,963	-7,240	6,122	-3,055	19,202
of which:
Other Financial Intermediaries	Abroad	-1,101	13,498	219	1,767	-701	-2,386	3,220	882	1,525	7,871
	In Ireland	-3,199	52,480	-4,303	-5,178	5,737	545	5,328	4,941	11,287	30,924
Non-Financial Companies⁶	Abroad	-36,334	39,175	-19,884	-8,561	-25,430	17,541	12,235	9,261	-15,530	33,209
	In Ireland	71,589	-37,451	36,603	54,728	-26,160	6,418	-12,567	1,180	-14,342	-11,722

Portfolio investment	Assets	232,073	355,520	-111,058	150,484	47,018	145,629	71,379	89,118	50,394	144,629
	Liabilities	252,758	345,813	-25,164	102,233	46,135	129,554	58,952	89,759	52,451	144,651

General Government	Assets	-291	-1,167	-103	-1	-177	-10	-657	-62	-254	-194
	Liabilities	1,888	-161	5,965	10,233	-2,672	-11,638	3,983	251	-1,394	-3,001
Monetary Authority ³	Assets	-3,042	-3,116	-552	-772	-821	-897	-845	-1,185	-1,112	26
	Liabilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Monetary Financial Institutions⁴	Assets	38,615	16,809	-45,458	85,305	-24,874	23,642	-16,464	6,848	-23,903	50,328
	Liabilities	83,112	-12,003	-1,135	47,516	-978	37,709	-51,167	2,622	-12,367	48,909
Other Sectors⁵	Assets	196,792	342,992	-64,945	65,952	72,891	122,894	89,344	83,517	75,663	94,468
	Liabilities	167,759	357,975	-29,994	44,484	49,786	103,483	106,135	86,886	66,212	98,742
of which:
Other Financial Intermediaries	Assets	196,817	342,999	-64,945	*	72,891	*	89,343	*	*	*
	Liabilities	206,584	*	-31,231	89,001	49,512	99,302	109,223	86,298	66,750	*
Non-Financial Companies⁶	Assets	-24	-5	0	*	0	*	2	*	*	*
	Liabilities	-38,825	*	1,237	-44,516	273	4,181	-3,088	588	-538	*

Other investment	Assets	219,368	-4,933	188,038	-40,302	33,205	38,427	11,227	-16,259	24,378	-24,279
	Liabilities	124,547	-6,071	108,201	-51,169	17,139	50,376	34,482	-33,928	1,976	-8,601

General Government	Assets	-182	-737	-1,176	158	-128	964	-1,217	-18	67	431
	Liabilities	-1,650	1,830	-334	-668	-315	-333	1,963	-361	*	*
Monetary Authority ³	Assets	9,126	36,925	785	13,856	807	-6,322	13,680	11,121	2,631	9,493
	Liabilities	-1,004	4,389	-1,627	-44	505	162	-247	118	*	*
Monetary Financial Institutions⁴	Assets	108,552	-79,259	91,057	-50,939	22,588	45,846	-27,705	-10,148	8,098	-49,504
	Liabilities	46,983	-51,504	36,990	-16,435	-2,200	28,628	7,162	-7,562	-4,277	-46,827
Other Sectors⁵	Assets	101,872	38,140	97,372	-3,377	9,938	-2,061	26,469	-17,213	13,583	15,301
	Liabilities	80,218	39,214	73,172	-34,022	19,150	21,918	25,604	-26,123	2,103	37,630
of which:
Other Financial Intermediaries	Assets	80,322	40,719	93,995	-7,939	6,652	-12,386	37,247	-19,078	10,011	12,539
	Liabilities	60,863	28,312	70,032	-34,301	17,738	7,394	34,493	-32,167	-1,662	27,648
Non-Financial Companies⁶	Assets	21,550	-2,580	3,377	4,562	3,286	10,325	-10,777	1,864	3,571	2,762
	Liabilities	19,355	10,902	3,140	279	1,412	14,524	-8,889	6,044	3,765	9,982

Reserve Assets		1,295	4,980	139	-14	760	410	173	72	4,081	654

Balance on Financial Account		-34,768	54,954	-58,274	689	11,196	11,621	12,201	20,794	12,982	8,977
Net errors and omissions		-9,349	-2,952	-8,504	-2,081	-2,793	4,029	-6,661	5,893	-9,934	7,750
¹Includes transactions which cannot be shown due to confidentiality constraints.
²Adjusted for balance of payments purposes.
³Central Bank of Ireland.
⁴Covering licensed credit institutions and money market funds.
⁵Other sectors includes financial corporations other than the Monetary Authority and Monetary Financial Institutions, non-financial service and manufacturing companies and other industrial enterprises as well as (implicitly) households (see Background Notes). The gross liabilities to non-residents of financial corporations covered in other sectors tend to be very significant.
⁶Including households.
⁷See footnote 1 on Table 1.4.

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Table 1.6 Current and Capital Accounts showing geographical detail

Table 1.6 Current and Capital Accounts showing geographical¹ detail											€ million
		2020	2021	2020				2021
Item		Year		Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4

Current Account - Total	Inflows	590,947	688,366	146,149	135,964	143,764	165,070	161,382	167,879	170,553	188,552
	Outflows	600,839	629,569	192,073	126,109	128,477	154,180	142,342	152,887	147,294	187,046

Merchandise²	Exports	244,809	282,823	62,528	57,033	61,349	63,899	68,821	69,057	72,264	72,681
	Imports	99,856	109,881	24,872	22,756	23,454	28,774	25,164	26,777	26,536	31,404
EMU	Exports	71,481	92,260	17,246	16,424	18,010	19,801	19,632	22,751	22,562	27,315
	Imports	31,037	37,910	8,333	6,117	7,260	9,327	7,639	10,840	8,802	10,629
Non-EMU	Exports	173,328	190,566	45,282	40,609	43,339	44,098	49,190	46,308	49,702	45,366
	Imports	68,820	71,972	16,539	16,639	16,194	19,448	17,524	15,938	17,734	20,776
EU	Exports	78,343	100,176	18,879	18,077	19,609	21,778	21,663	24,620	24,349	29,544
	Imports	34,327	41,817	9,176	6,893	8,019	10,239	8,575	11,825	9,709	11,708
Non-EU	Exports	166,465	182,649	43,649	38,956	41,740	42,120	47,159	44,439	47,914	43,137
	Imports	65,530	68,063	15,696	15,863	15,436	18,535	16,588	14,952	16,827	19,696

Services	Exports	244,069	285,573	55,756	55,356	57,818	75,139	62,212	68,818	71,418	83,125
	Imports	305,968	288,701	117,336	57,021	50,975	80,636	57,259	65,873	66,613	98,956
EMU	Exports	60,689	73,144	14,029	14,029	14,579	18,052	15,764	17,743	18,309	21,328
	Imports	32,406	38,098	7,336	8,842	6,816	9,412	6,933	9,189	8,473	13,503
Non-EMU	Exports	183,383	212,429	41,728	41,329	43,239	57,087	46,448	51,075	53,109	61,797
	Imports	273,564	250,605	110,000	48,178	44,161	71,225	50,327	56,684	58,140	85,454
EU	Exports	74,714	90,786	17,289	17,067	17,862	22,496	19,520	21,849	22,777	26,640
	Imports	35,791	41,715	8,162	9,604	7,636	10,389	7,745	10,159	9,357	14,454
Non-EU	Exports	169,357	194,788	38,468	38,291	39,956	52,642	42,692	46,969	48,642	56,485
	Imports	270,180	246,989	109,174	47,417	43,341	70,248	49,515	55,714	57,257	84,503

Primary Income	Inflows	96,204	113,666	26,331	22,167	23,161	24,545	29,096	28,679	25,067	30,824
	Outflows	185,365	220,333	47,282	43,952	51,883	42,248	57,401	57,932	51,664	53,336
EMU	Inflows	32,522	37,084	9,172	6,770	8,011	8,569	8,829	9,299	9,331	9,625
	Outflows	49,140	60,918	14,145	11,596	13,210	10,189	14,697	16,044	16,837	13,340
Non-EMU	Inflows	63,681	76,583	17,159	15,397	15,150	15,975	20,267	19,381	15,736	21,199
	Outflows	136,225	159,415	33,137	32,356	38,673	32,059	42,704	41,888	34,827	39,996
EU	Inflows	35,571	40,232	10,001	7,556	8,786	9,228	9,596	10,080	10,175	10,381
	Outflows	50,708	63,506	14,549	11,986	13,598	10,575	15,375	16,937	17,363	13,831
Non-EU	Inflows	60,633	73,432	16,330	14,612	14,375	15,316	19,499	18,599	14,892	20,442
	Outflows	134,657	156,826	32,733	31,966	38,285	31,673	42,025	40,995	34,301	39,505

Secondary Income	Inflows	5,867	6,305	1,535	1,407	1,437	1,488	1,254	1,325	1,804	1,922
	Outflows	9,651	10,654	2,584	2,381	2,164	2,522	2,519	2,305	2,481	3,349
EMU	Inflows	2,698	2,954	565	724	627	782	628	610	902	814
	Outflows	3,335	3,587	722	881	794	938	784	765	1,058	980
Non-EMU	Inflows	3,168	3,351	969	683	810	706	626	715	902	1,108
	Outflows	6,316	7,066	1,862	1,500	1,370	1,584	1,736	1,539	1,423	2,368
EU	Inflows	3,002	3,422	634	808	706	854	662	682	1,134	944
	Outflows	6,272	7,278	1,598	1,599	1,310	1,765	1,838	1,501	1,700	2,239
Non-EU	Inflows	2,865	2,883	901	599	731	634	592	643	670	978
	Outflows	3,379	3,377	986	782	854	757	682	804	781	1,110

Balance on Current Account		-9,892	58,798	-45,924	9,855	15,287	10,890	19,040	14,993	23,259	1,506

Balance on Capital Account		-15,526	-892	-3,846	-7,085	-1,298	-3,297	-178	-92	-342	-280
¹The term ‘EMU’ means the area represented by the 19 Member States participating in Monetary Union since the enlargement of the Euro area on 1 January 2015 to include Lithuania (EMU-19). For years 2018 and 2019, the term ‘EU’ relates to transactions between residents of Ireland and other residents of the EU-28 area. From Q12020, the term ‘EU’ relates to transactions between residents of Ireland and other residents of the EU-27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
²Adjusted for balance of payments purposes.

Open in Excel: International Accounts Q4 2021 Table 1.6 (XLS 15KB)

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Table 1.7 Financial Account showing geographical detail

Table 1.7 Financial Account¹ showing geographical² detail											€ million
		2020	2021	2020				2021
Item		Year		Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4

Direct Investment	Abroad	-39,395	52,403	-19,929	-9,038	-26,157	15,729	15,414	9,910	-13,898	40,977
	In Ireland	70,803	13,276	32,426	49,377	-19,643	8,643	-7,441	6,217	-2,454	16,954

EMU	Abroad	-118,662	40,618	598	-98,008	-8,433	-12,819	2,735	4,817	18,279	14,787
	In Ireland	8,299	-13,241	-7,530	-5,716	6,830	14,715	668	-1,163	26,174	-38,920
Non-EMU	Abroad	79,265	11,786	-20,528	88,970	-17,724	28,547	12,679	5,093	-32,177	26,191
	In Ireland	62,505	26,518	39,956	55,093	-26,473	-6,071	-8,109	7,380	-28,628	55,875
EU	Abroad	-117,751	40,172	520	-97,912	-8,493	-11,866	2,127	5,491	18,287	14,267
	In Ireland	10,557	-12,368	-7,375	-4,880	7,221	15,591	1,426	-1,191	26,563	-39,166
Non-EU	Abroad	78,356	12,230	-20,449	88,874	-17,664	27,595	13,286	4,419	-32,185	26,710
	In Ireland	60,247	25,645	39,801	54,257	-26,864	-6,947	-8,867	7,409	-29,017	56,120

Portfolio Investment	Assets	232,073	355,520	-111,058	150,484	47,018	145,629	71,379	89,118	50,394	144,629
	Liabilities	252,758	345,813	-25,164	102,233	46,135	129,554	58,952	89,759	52,451	144,651

EMU	Assets	34,340	39,987	-39,733	34,254	19,509	20,310	-1,317	23,209	11,879	6,216
	Liabilities	112,814	165,052	-9,168	40,220	32,724	49,038	26,051	46,663	25,026	67,312
Non-EMU	Assets	197,732	315,533	-71,325	116,230	27,509	125,318	72,696	65,909	38,515	138,413
	Liabilities	139,945	180,762	-15,996	62,013	13,412	80,516	32,901	43,097	27,425	77,339
EU	Assets	41,719	52,854	-41,969	38,804	18,610	26,274	3,202	24,759	20,786	4,107
	Liabilities	119,596	170,810	-9,983	43,483	32,534	53,562	27,437	48,773	26,690	67,910
Non-EU	Assets	190,355	302,666	-69,089	111,680	28,409	119,355	68,177	64,360	29,607	140,522
	Liabilities	133,163	175,003	-15,181	58,750	13,601	75,993	31,515	40,987	25,761	76,740

Other Investment³	Assets	219,368	-4,933	188,038	-40,302	33,205	38,427	11,227	-16,259	24,378	-24,279
	Liabilities	124,547	-6,071	108,201	-51,169	17,139	50,376	34,482	-33,928	1,976	-8,601

EMU	Assets	94,040	38,536	55,996	6,897	24,612	6,535	29,040	11,124	12,784	-14,412
	Liabilities	40,939	5,225	19,381	-810	2,978	19,390	13,034	3,887	-2,423	-9,273
Non-EMU	Assets	125,328	-43,469	132,042	-47,199	8,593	31,892	-17,813	-27,383	11,594	-9,867
	Liabilities	83,608	-11,296	88,821	-50,359	14,160	30,986	21,448	-37,815	4,399	672
EU	Assets	97,818	38,930	57,525	8,989	23,651	7,653	32,843	12,197	12,086	-18,196
	Liabilities	40,993	11,472	19,345	330	2,459	18,859	18,145	4,984	-1,964	-9,693
Non-EU	Assets	121,550	-43,863	130,513	-49,291	9,554	30,774	-21,616	-28,456	12,292	-6,083
	Liabilities	83,553	-17,545	88,856	-51,499	14,680	31,516	16,336	-38,913	3,940	1,092

Reserve Assets		1,295	4,980	139	-14	760	410	173	72	4,081	654

Balance on Financial Account		-34,768	54,954	-58,274	689	11,196	11,621	12,201	20,794	12,982	8,977

Net errors and omissions		-9,349	-2,952	-8,504	-2,081	-2,793	4,029	-6,661	5,893	-9,934	7,750
¹See footnote 1 on Table 1.4.
²The term ‘EMU’ means the area represented by the 19 Member States participating in Monetary Union since the enlargement of the Euro area on 1 January 2015 to include Lithuania (EMU-19). For years 2018 and 2019, the term ‘EU’ relates to transactions between residents of Ireland and other residents of the EU-28 area. From Q12020, the term ‘EU’ relates to transactions between residents of Ireland and other residents of the EU-27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
³Includes financial derivatives; in the case of liabilities this category also includes life insurance liabilities to non-residents. Occasionally includes large capital transactions which cannot be shown in the Capital Account Balance due to confidentiality constraints.

Open in Excel: International Accounts Q4 2021 Table 1.7 (XLS 15KB)

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International Accounts Q4 2021

Balance of International Payments

Balance of International Payments

Current account balance of €1.5bn in Quarter 4 2021

Current account (see Table 1.3)

Financial account (see Tables 1.4 and 1.5)

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