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Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2020

Assets

The Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) 2020 was published on 19 May 2022. Since the first publication of 2020 estimates, the CCR has been retrospectively added to the 2018 data. As 2018 and 2020 estimates are now produced using the same methodology, comparisons can be made between them. This publication has been updated on 16 May 2023 and now includes references to 2018 estimates.

Real Assets

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Real Assets

Real assets are physical assets that have an intrinsic worth. Real assets include the household’s main residence, other real estate (such as holiday homes, rental properties and commercial property), land, business assets and valuables.

Household Main Residence (HMR)

In 2020, the Eastern & Midland region has the lowest HMR ownership rate at 66.8% while the Northern and Western region has the highest at 73.9%. However, in 2020, the median value of the HMR is highest in the Eastern & Midland region at €350,000. This has not changed since 2018 when the median value was also €350,000. Although not directly comparable, the lack of change in the median house price for the Eastern & Midland region between 2018 and 2020 is reflected in the CSO’s residential property price index. The index for the Mid-East region shows only a slight change between October 2018 and October 2020, increasing from 131.2 to 133.9 in that time (See PxStat HPA13). The region with the next highest median value of the HMR is the Southern region with a value of €230,000, a 15% increase on the 2018 value of €200,000. In 2020, the Northern and Western region has the lowest median value of the HMR at €200,000, a 25% increase on the 2018 value of €160,000. See Maps 3.1 & 3.2 and Table 3.1.

Map 3.1 HMR Ownership Rate by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.2 Median HMR Value by NUTS2 Region

Table 3.1 Participation in real assets by demographic and household characteristics and year (%)

Table 3.1 Participation in real assets by demographic and household characteristics and year (%)
	Household Main Residence (HMR)		Land		Other Real Estate Property		Self Employment Business Wealth		Vehicles		Valuables		Any Real Asset
Year	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020

State	68.8	69.6	8.4	8.9	12.9	12.5	17.3	15.2	78.5	79.1	78.8	78.3	95.6	95.3

Region
Northern and Western	74.1	73.9	16.6	17.0	8.5	9.7	25.2	20.0	84.6	82.0	66.8	72.5	96.5	95.2
Southern	74.5	71.3	10.8	11.5	12.5	12.0	20.4	15.7	82.2	81.9	81.0	80.8	97.4	96.1
Eastern and Midland	62.9	66.8	3.7	4.1	14.8	13.8	12.3	13.1	73.7	76.0	81.7	78.7	94.0	94.8

Household Composition
1 adult aged 65+	84.4	80.6	10.5	10.4	4.9	5.4	10.8	6.4	59.0	64.8	68.6	62.5	95.2	95.5
1 adult aged <65	47.8	52.3	6.0	4.6	8.9	8.8	11.4	10.7	59.1	64.4	66.7	70.1	86.1	88.9
2 adults, at least 1 aged 65+	94.2	92.5	15.7	15.5	12.5	16.3	20.7	12.0	87.9	86.4	76.7	73.4	99.3	96.9
2 adults, both aged <65	61.3	61.0	6.7	5.2	13.3	11.6	16.9	15.8	81.6	77.9	87.1	85.8	96.6	95.9
3 or more adults	77.0	81.4	13.7	14.9	16.8	17.7	23.1	21.0	87.6	90.1	82.9	82.7	95.1	98.0
1 adult with children aged under 18	29.8	31.4	0.5	3.0	9.2	3.7	7.1	3.4	63.2	52.3	72.7	68.6	92.0	80.3
2 adults with 1-3 children aged under 18	66.9	67.7	5.0	7.5	15.6	14.9	18.7	19.4	89.7	89.9	85.3	87.3	98.8	98.9
Other households with children aged under 18	75.4	72.6	8.1	8.9	20.4	16.5	26.5	26.9	87.7	89.2	83.0	86.3	99.3	97.9

Percentile of Household Income
Less than 20	56.5	59.7	6.8	7.1	2.9	2.7	10.3	7.9	50.2	56.3	64.4	62.1	87.8	88.5
20-39	61.2	59.3	8.2	9.1	4.4	5.3	13.8	12.6	74.5	74.6	73.7	74.5	94.0	93.2
40-59	59.5	61.5	9.6	7.4	11.0	10.1	15.7	13.6	86.5	84.0	81.3	79.0	97.1	96.3
60-79	77.8	76.1	7.0	10.1	14.9	15.7	21.1	17.1	88.4	88.4	87.2	86.6	99.5	99.0
80-100	89.1	91.6	10.3	11.0	31.4	28.8	25.7	25.0	93.3	92.8	87.5	89.7	99.6	99.8

Open in Excel: Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2020 - Table 3.1 (XLS 12KB)

Less than a third (31.4%) of households composed of one adult with children own their main residence, compared to 92.5% of two adult households where at least one adult is 65 or over.

Median HMR values rise with household income. The median HMR value for households in the bottom fifth of the income distribution in 2020 is €200,000, a 17% increase on the 2018 median value of €166,000. The increase in median HMR values since 2018 is seen across the income distribution except for the top fifth who have a median HMR value of €350,000, which is unchanged since 2018. See Figure 3.1.

X-axis label	2018	2020
Less than 20 percentile	166000	200000
20-39 percentile	200000	230000
40-59 percentile	229200	250000
60-79 percentile	250000	272000
80-100 percentile	350000	350000

Median HMR values also rise with level of education. Households where the reference person has an education level of primary or below have a median HMR value of €200,000 in 2020, a 25% increase on the 2018 value of €160,000. Households where the reference person has an education level of third level degree or above have a median HMR value of €320,000, a 6.7% increase on the 2018 value of €300,000. The reference person is the household member considered to be the most knowledgeable about the financial situation of the household. See Figure 3.2 and Tables 3.1 & 3.2.

X-axis label	2018	2020
Primary or below	160000	200000
Lower secondary	200000	220000
Higher secondary	250000	250000
Post leaving cert	220000	250000
Third level non degree	250000	280000
Third level degree or above	300000	320000

Land

In 2020, the land ownership rate for households in the Eastern & Midland region is 4.1%, significantly lower than the rates of 17.0% in the Northern & Western region and 11.5% in the Southern region. The median value of land, (for those households that own land), in the Southern region is €433,800, more than double the €200,500 value in the Northern & Western region. See Maps 3.3 & 3.4 and Tables 3.1 & 3.2.

Map 3.3 Land Ownership Rate by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.4 Median Land Value by NUTS2 Region

Other real estate ownership is noticeably high for households in the top fifth of household income, with almost three in ten (28.8%) of these households owning other real estate in 2020. This is a decrease from 31.4% in 2018. On a regional basis, 13.8% of households in the Eastern & Midland region own other real estate compared to 9.7% in the Northern & Western region. In the Eastern & Midland region, the median value of other real estate, (for those households that own other real estate), is €256,500, an increase on the 2018 value of €226,400. The comparable value for 2020 in the Northern & Western region at €168,000 is almost €89,000 lower than the value for the Eastern & Midlands region and is a slight decrease on the 2018 value of €170,400. The Southern region has seen an increase in the median value of other real estate between 2018 and 2020, growing from €186,400 to €200,000 in that time. See Maps 3.5 & 3.6 and Tables 3.1 & 3.2.

Map 3.5 Other Real Estate Ownership Rate by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.6 Median Other Real Estate Value by NUTS2 Region

Table 3.2 Median values of real assets by demographic characteristics and year (€)

Table 3.2 Median values of real assets by demographic characteristics and year (€)
	Household Main Residence (HMR)		Land		Other Real Estate Property		Self Employment Business Wealth		Vehicles		Valuables		Any Real Asset
	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020
State	250,000	260,000	301,000	300,000	200,600	236,600	18,600	19,700	8,000	10,000	4,000	4,100	222,700	253,100

Region
Northern and Western	160,000	200,000	224,600	200,500	170,400	168,000	19,500	26,200	6,000	10,000	2,000	2,900	171,800	195,000
Southern	200,000	230,000	397,200	433,800	186,400	200,000	26,900	27,000	7,500	10,000	4,000	4,000	207,600	225,000
Eastern and Midland	350,000	350,000	408,700	346,000	226,400	256,500	8,600	10,000	8,000	9,000	5,000	5,000	284,300	313,600

Household Composition
1 adult aged 65+	185,000	200,000	228,600	240,200	230,100	260,000	8,900	7,200	4,000	5,000	2,000	1,700	200,000	204,000
1 adult aged <65	211,100	235,000	301,600	300,000	147,000	237,700	14,100	10,000	4,100	6,000	2,000	3,000	135,000	163,100
2 adults, at least 1 aged 65+	245,000	250,000	261,800	250,000	218,200	250,200	20,100	16,800	7,500	9,800	5,000	4,200	298,800	330,600
2 adults, both aged <65	250,000	300,000	243,800	312,600	244,000	229,000	22,000	18,000	10,000	9,400	4,500	5,000	205,800	231,500
3 or more adults	250,000	300,000	446,800	500,000	299,700	284,200	46,500	50,600	11,800	14,900	5,000	5,000	302,000	346,800
1 adult with children aged under 18	200,000	210,000	*	*	*	*	*	*	2,500	4,000	2,000	2,000	7,000	9,300
2 adults with 1-3 children aged under 18	274,000	280,000	337,900	286,700	201,800	202,000	10,900	21,200	8,000	10,400	5,000	5,000	250,000	265,200
Other households with children aged under 18	280,000	300,000	600,000	450,000	220,000	250,000	15,600	19,100	10,000	12,000	5,000	5,000	278,200	307,200

Percentile of Household Income
Less than 20	166,000	200,000	253,600	199,400	*	155,900	8,400	8,000	3,000	3,000	1,300	1,500	120,600	143,600
20-39	200,000	230,000	246,400	263,500	155,000	210,000	13,800	5,000	4,000	6,000	2,100	2,200	152,300	174,500
40-59	229,200	250,000	261,700	251,800	134,600	185,600	21,300	9,500	6,000	8,000	3,500	3,700	177,000	201,700
60-79	250,000	272,000	320,600	385,100	184,000	213,000	14,200	39,100	11,200	10,400	5,000	5,000	267,900	285,200
80-100	350,000	350,000	500,000	500,000	286,200	280,500	41,400	50,000	15,000	18,000	10,000	10,000	466,400	481,200

Education of Reference Person
Primary or below	160,000	200,000	279,500	250,000	143,400	120,900	22,400	16,100	3,300	4,400	1,700	1,000	153,000	160,400
Lower secondary	200,000	220,000	200,000	297,000	194,000	176,000	22,700	22,600	7,500	6,900	2,700	2,000	190,500	203,000
Higher secondary	250,000	250,000	288,300	400,000	220,000	252,800	18,400	19,800	7,000	9,700	3,000	3,600	218,300	237,000
Post leaving cert	220,000	250,000	500,000	340,300	177,600	265,000	37,800	26,300	6,400	9,000	3,000	4,400	204,900	231,000
Third level non degree	250,000	280,000	413,000	500,000	198,800	180,000	6,900	20,700	9,000	10,000	5,000	5,000	224,500	289,600
Third level degree or above	300,000	320,000	300,000	249,300	209,600	243,800	8,700	13,700	10,000	11,000	5,000	5,000	294,000	314,400
* Sample occurrence too small for estimation because there are less than 25 observations.

Open in Excel: Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2020 - Table 3.2 (XLS 13KB)

Total real assets

The HMR contributes 62.0% of total real asset wealth in 2020, up from 58.9% in 2018. Other real estate and land also have relatively high contributions to total real assets in 2020 (13.3% and 11.8% respectively). Valuables (which contributes 2.0% of total real asset wealth in 2020) include items such as jewellery, electronics, works of art, antiques etc. See Figure 3.3.

%	Valuables	Vehicles	Self Employment Business Wealth	Land	Other Real Estate Property	HMR
2018	2.1	2.6	10.1	12.7	13.5	58.9
2020	2	3	7.9	11.8	13.3	62

Financial Assets

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Savings

In 2020, 96.6% of households have some form of savings, (deposit or savings accounts or a positive balance on current accounts) with a median value of €8,700. This is a 74.0% increase on the 2018 value of €5,000. This increase is partly due to households increased ability to save because of COVID-19 restrictions with 47% of households reporting that their savings had increased during March and June 2020 because of the COVID-19 crisis.

The likelihood of having savings increases with level of education. In 2020, the proportion of households with savings where the reference person has an education level of primary or lower is 85.6% and the median value of these savings is €3,600. This is an increase on the 2018 median value of €2,700. For households where the reference person has at least completed a post-Leaving Cert qualification, the proportion with savings in 2020 is 99.0% or higher. In terms of level of education, the households with the highest median value for savings in 2020 are those where the reference person has a third level degree or above. These households have a median value of €14,600, a significant increase on the 2018 value of €7,800. See Figure 3.4.

X-axis label	2018	2020
Primary or below	2700	3600
Lower secondary	3700	5200
Higher secondary	4000	6500
Post leaving cert	3100	6700
Third level non degree	4500	9400
Third level degree or above	7800	14600

Likewise, the proportion of households with savings increases as income increases. Nine out of ten (91.0%) households in the bottom fifth of the income distribution have savings compared to 100% of households in the top fifth. Increases in the median value of savings between 2018 and 2020 are seen across the entire income distribution with the bottom fifth seeing the value growing from €1,800 to €4,100 and the top fifth from €12,000 to €21,000. See Figure 3.5.

X-axis label	2018	2020
Less than 20 percentile	1800	4100
20-39 percentile	2400	6000
40-59 percentile	4000	7200
60-79 percentile	7300	11000
80-100 percentile	12000	21000

The median value of savings almost doubled for both owner-occupiers and renters between 2018 and 2020. In 2020, owner-occupied households that have savings, (98.0% of such households), have a median savings value of €12,500. The median in 2018 was €6,900. The proportion of rented households with savings was lower at 93.4%, and these households had median savings of €3,200 in 2020, compared to €1,700 in 2018. See Figure 3.6 and Tables 3.3 & 3.4.

X-axis label	Owner-occupied	Rented or rent free
2018	6900	1700
2020	12500	3200

Table 3.3 Participation in total financial assets by demographic and household characteristics and year (%)

Table 3.3 Participation in total financial assets by demographic and household characteristics and year (%)
	Savings		Bonds or Mutual Funds		Shares		Voluntary Pension		Other Financial Asset		Any Financial Asset
	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020
State	94.6	96.6	10.3	13.6	9.7	10.5	15.8	16.3	6.6	7.2	94.8	97.1

Household Composition
1 adult aged 65+	86.6	92.9	7.4	13.9	6.3	7.5	2.0	1.6	4.6	4.5	87.0	95.9
1 adult aged <65	89.9	96.3	6.7	10.0	10.4	8.7	11.4	11.9	7.7	7.0	90.5	96.4
2 adults, at least 1 aged 65+	96.6	94.6	19.2	18.0	10.1	11.2	6.9	6.2	10.4	7.3	96.6	94.9
2 adults, both aged <65	96.9	99.1	9.6	13.1	12.8	11.4	24.4	21.8	6.8	12.2	97.1	99.1
3 or more adults	95.4	97.0	13.1	14.8	12.6	14.1	17.2	23.2	6.4	5.7	95.4	97.3
1 adult with children aged under 18	92.3	89.5	3.0	5.5	1.7	4.4	8.5	10.1	6.1	5.5	92.3	89.5
2 adults with 1-3 children aged under 18	97.8	98.9	9.5	15.1	9.6	11.0	23.5	23.5	5.6	5.7	97.9	99.0
Other households with children aged under 18	99.3	99.2	11.4	13.0	8.8	12.9	23.1	25.2	5.1	9.5	99.3	99.4

Percentile of Household Income
Less than 20	84.6	91.0	4.2	8.4	3.2	3.1	3.9	3.3	3.0	3.5	85.0	93.0
20-39	91.0	93.6	8.8	11.6	2.9	6.3	8.1	6.7	5.0	4.4	91.2	93.7
40-59	98.3	98.8	8.3	10.4	7.5	9.7	14.0	15.1	6.6	8.8	98.5	99.2
60-79	99.8	99.9	11.1	15.5	11.5	10.8	23.8	23.8	7.6	8.7	99.8	99.9
80-100	99.6	100.0	19.0	22.3	23.7	23.0	29.5	32.8	10.7	10.6	99.7	100.0

Work Status of Reference Person
At work	98.3	99.7	10.0	14.4	11.9	12.3	22.6	24.8	7.0	8.9	98.4	99.8
Unemployed	80.1	91.5	5.1	5.1	6.6	4.5	6.9	7.3	6.2	4.9	81.2	91.7
Home duties	90.9	91.6	6.0	9.4	3.2	5.3	12.1	7.6	4.4	2.8	91.1	91.6
Retired	92.8	94.7	16.1	18.1	10.2	11.2	4.9	4.2	7.5	6.4	93.1	96.5
Other	86.8	88.6	4.4	4.4	2.9	5.2	6.6	7.2	3.9	3.3	86.8	89.4

Education of Reference Person
Primary or below	80.3	85.6	5.8	8.2	3.9	3.2	4.2	1.8	3.0	1.8	80.8	88.9
Lower secondary	92.6	92.8	5.2	11.5	4.4	3.8	12.2	8.0	4.3	4.3	92.8	93.2
Higher secondary	96.3	97.8	10.0	12.4	5.6	8.4	12.7	12.5	4.4	4.7	96.5	98.1
Post leaving cert	97.5	99.0	9.5	9.5	6.8	8.6	13.8	18.5	4.7	4.3	97.5	99.1
Third level non degree	97.2	99.6	11.6	13.0	8.7	13.6	18.8	19.0	8.4	9.6	97.2	99.6
Third level degree or above	99.2	99.7	14.2	17.8	17.0	16.2	23.6	24.3	10.2	11.4	99.3	99.8

Tenure Status
Owner-occupied	97.5	98.0	13.2	17.1	12.6	13.3	19.9	20.2	7.2	7.4	97.6	98.7
Rented or rent free	88.3	93.4	3.8	5.6	3.4	4.1	6.9	7.2	5.3	6.8	88.7	93.5

Open in Excel: Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2020 - Table 3.3 (XLS 13KB)

Table 3.4 Median values of financial assets by demographic and household characteristics and year (€)

Table 3.4 Median values of financial assets by demographic and household characteristics and year (€)
	Savings		Bonds or Mutual Funds		Shares		Voluntary Pension		Other Financial Asset		Any Financial Asset
	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020	2018	2020
State	5,000	8,700	10,000	5,000	6,200	5,800	47,500	37,600	10,000	10,000	7,800	13,300

Household Composition
1 adult aged 65+	5,100	8,100	14,200	15,600	6,500	2,200	*	*	50,000	5,000	6,100	9,700
1 adult aged <65	2,400	5,700	10,000	500	3,000	5,900	36,500	33,500	10,000	1,500	2,800	7,800
2 adults, at least 1 aged 65+	9,000	18,100	11,800	15,300	11,200	6,600	61,600	44,800	23,600	23,200	14,600	23,500
2 adults, both aged <65	7,400	11,200	10,000	3,400	4,800	3,100	34,200	33,800	10,600	9,200	11,900	19,800
3 or more adults	8,900	11,200	19,100	10,000	9,900	9,900	75,400	69,500	35,500	25,000	15,200	19,400
1 adult with children aged under 18	300	1,900	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	400	2,700
2 adults with 1-3 children aged under 18	3,900	8,000	3,800	900	9,700	7,600	42,200	27,100	3,600	3,600	6,900	12,800
Other households with children aged under 18	4,800	7,100	900	5,500	7,600	5,600	67,200	56,100	6,000	16,000	7,400	14,300

Percentile of Household Income
Less than 20	1,800	4,100	9,000	1,600	2,000	2,400	20,800	33,400	4,200	3,800	2,100	4,600
20-39	2,400	6,000	6,600	2,700	4,300	1,800	36,000	27,800	6,600	1,400	3,300	7,300
40-59	4,000	7,200	12,700	8,100	4,000	8,200	38,200	28,000	7,400	5,000	6,800	12,200
60-79	7,300	11,000	11,200	3,500	4,500	3,000	43,100	33,000	18,200	6,000	12,200	18,100
80-100	12,000	21,000	11,000	6,100	11,200	9,800	74,100	56,800	20,000	20,700	30,000	44,200

Work Status of Reference Person
At work	5,500	10,100	8,000	1,800	5,400	7,000	46,100	40,000	7,000	8,200	9,500	17,600
Unemployed	1,100	2,300	*	*	*	*	*	17,500	*	*	1,500	2,700
Home duties	1,800	3,500	5,600	700	3,900	4,900	47,600	49,500	*	*	2,700	4,300
Retired	8,000	13,300	19,900	20,700	10,000	3,900	51,800	40,200	28,300	20,000	11,800	16,900
Other	1,200	2,100	*	*	*	*	*	29,100	*	*	1,400	2,600

Education of Reference Person
Primary or below	2,700	3,600	6,600	20,300	*	*	*	*	*	*	3,500	4,300
Lower secondary	3,700	5,200	13,300	600	5,800	6,000	31,600	40,000	13,500	15,000	4,800	6,800
Higher secondary	4,000	6,500	15,500	1,500	10,300	6,000	49,300	55,000	2,200	10,200	5,900	9,400
Post leaving cert	3,100	6,700	2,100	500	3,100	4,900	41,700	31,100	6,200	5,600	4,400	9,600
Third level non degree	4,500	9,400	5,000	1,100	6,300	3,400	43,700	22,900	*	5,000	9,300	15,300
Third level degree or above	7,800	14,600	13,200	9,300	9,200	7,200	49,600	37,000	16,800	10,000	16,800	24,200

Tenure Status
Owner-occupied	6,900	12,500	11,300	5,900	5,000	6,000	51,400	45,000	20,000	15,000	12,400	20,500
Rented or rent free	1,700	3,200	1,200	700	10,000	5,500	25,200	12,000	1,200	1,200	2,000	3,700
* Sample occurrence too small for estimation because there are less than 25 observations.

Open in Excel: Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2020 - Table 3.4 (XLS 13KB)

It should be noted that in comparison to administrative sources on household deposits from the Central Bank, there is likely to be underreporting of the value of savings in the HFCS, deliberate or otherwise. With that said, it is still useful to make comparisons of savings estimates between different population groups and between different time periods.

Other Financial Assets

The ownership of financial assets other than savings is less common. For example, just over one in ten households (10.5%) own publicly traded shares in 2020, up from 9.7% in 2018. The highest ownership recorded for this financial asset are households within the top fifth of household income at 23.0%, compared to 3.1% for the bottom fifth. Households in the mid percentiles of income have increased their ownership of shares between 2018 and 2020 with those in the 20-39 percentile seeing the biggest relative increase from 2.9% in 2018 to 6.3% in 2020. Meanwhile, those in the upper percentiles have slightly decreased their ownership of shares between 2018 and 2020. See Figure 3.7.

X-axis label	2018	2020
Less than 20 percentile	3.2	3.1
20-39 percentile	2.9	6.3
40-59 percentile	7.5	9.7
60-79 percentile	11.5	10.8
80-100 percentile	23.7	23

Those households where the highest level of education of the reference person is third level degree (or higher) are also more likely to own financial assets other than savings. Almost a quarter (24.3%) of these households have at least one household member with a voluntary pension, compared to 1.8% of households where the highest education level is primary school level or lower’. See Figure 3.8. and Table 3.3.

X-axis label	Voluntary Pension	Shares	Bonds or Mutual Funds	Other Financial Asset (apart from savings)
Primary or below	1.8	3.2	8.2	1.8
Lower secondary	8	3.8	11.5	4.3
Higher secondary	12.5	8.4	12.4	4.7
Post leaving cert	18.5	8.6	9.5	4.3
Third level non degree	19	13.6	13	9.6
Third level degree or above	24.3	16.2	17.8	11.4

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Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2020

Assets

Real Assets

Map 3.1 HMR Ownership Rate by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.2 Median HMR Value by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.3 Land Ownership Rate by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.4 Median Land Value by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.5 Other Real Estate Ownership Rate by NUTS2 Region

Map 3.6 Median Other Real Estate Value by NUTS2 Region

Financial Assets

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