Revenue
Total revenue of general government increased by €14.3 billion (17.3%) to stand at €97 billion in 2021, reversing the decline in revenue witnessed in 2020. This level of revenue has surpassed the pre-pandemic 2019 level. Care should be taken with a direct year on year comparison due to the impact of COVID-19 on the 2020 data. The main driver behind this upturn was a €13.6 billion rise in taxes, with most taxation categories reporting strong increases in 2021. Taxes on income, profits and capital gains reported the highest monetary rise, up €8.4 billion (23.3%) on 2020. There were also strong increases for indirect taxes with VAT up €3.6 billion (28.7%). Aside from taxes, social contributions also rose in 2021, up €1 billion (6.7%) on 2020 to €16.1 billion (Table 2.1).
As noted above, it is worth looking at a comparison with 2019 levels. On this two-year comparison basis, revenue has increased by €9 billion. Taxes and social contributions increased by €10.6 billion while sales of goods and services are €1.1 billion lower and investment income also €1.1 billion lower. This latter category is largely due to the Central Bank of Ireland surplus transfer to the Exchequer (see background notes).
Expenditure
General government expenditure rose by €3.3 billion (3.2%) in 2021 to €105.1 billion, a more modest rise than the 18% increase reported in 2020.
Increases in expenditure included a €1.3 billion (5.3%) rise in compensation of employees, a €1.3 billion (9.0%) increase in spending on good and services, and a €0.8 billion (19.1%) increase in other current transfers (Table 2.2).
Direct expenditure on COVID-19 measures stood at €12.4 billion in 2021, down from €14.7 billion in 2020, the decrease aided by a €1.1 billion decline in expenditure under the Pandemic Unemployment Payment scheme.
In comparison with 2019, total expenditure is €18.8 billion higher in 2021. This is largely due to increases in COVID-19 related expenditure in social benefits (Pandemic Unemployment Payment), subsidies (Employment Wage Subsidy Scheme) and intermediate consumption (including health expenditure).
Total Revenue | Total Expenditure | |
2016 | 27.3 | 28.1 |
2017 | 25.9 | 26.2 |
2018 | 25.5 | 25.3 |
2019 | 24.7 | 24.2 |
2020 | 22.2 | 27.3 |
2021 | 23 | 24.9 |
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