The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 may have had an impact on some of the indicators (such as emissions to air, transport and energy) in this publication.
Global population increased by 210% from 2.5 billion to 7.9 billion between 1950 and 2021.
Africa‘s share of the World’s population increased from 9% in 1950 to 17% in 2021, while Europe’s fell from 22% to 9% over the same period. In 2021, Asia was the World region with the largest share of the World’s population at 59%.
Global child mortality rates, as measured by the number of deaths of children before the age of five per 1,000 live births, have fallen from an average annual rate of 213 in 1950-1955 to 40 in 2015-2020.
Europe had the lowest average annual child mortality rate in the world in 2015-2020 at 5 deaths before the age of five per 1,000 live births.
Africa had the highest child mortality rate in the World in 2015-2020, with an average annual 71 deaths of children before age five per 1,000 live births, despite having the largest absolute fall over the 1950-2020 period.
Global life expectancy at birth increased from an average annual 47.0 years in 1950-1955 to 72.3 years in 2015-2020.
Although life expectancy in Africa increased from an average annual 37.5 years in 1950-1955 to 62.7 years in 2015-2020, the latter figure was still the lowest for any World region. In contrast North America had the highest life expectancy at birth in 2015-2020 at 79.2 years.
This indicator shows three series measuring global mean near surface temperature deviations for the 1850-2019 period. The five warmest years on record in these series were 2015-2019. Temperatures were between 1.06o C and 1.21o C above 1850-1899 levels in 2019.
| Year | HadCRUT4 (by Met Office Hadley Centre and Climatic Research Unit) | GISTEMP (by NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies) | NOAAGlobalTemp (by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850 | -0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| 1851 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 |
| 1852 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1853 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 1854 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 |
| 1855 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| 1856 | -0.03 | 0 | 0 |
| 1857 | -0.14 | 0 | 0 |
| 1858 | -0.14 | 0 | 0 |
| 1859 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| 1860 | -0.02 | 0 | 0 |
| 1861 | -0.08 | 0 | 0 |
| 1862 | -0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| 1863 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| 1864 | -0.17 | 0 | 0 |
| 1865 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| 1866 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 |
| 1867 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1868 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 |
| 1869 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 1870 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| 1871 | -0.01 | 0 | 0 |
| 1872 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1873 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
| 1874 | -0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| 1875 | -0.07 | 0 | 0 |
| 1876 | -0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 1877 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| 1878 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 |
| 1879 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1880 | 0.1 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| 1881 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.1 |
| 1882 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| 1883 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0 |
| 1884 | -0.08 | -0.05 | -0.08 |
| 1885 | -0.06 | -0.09 | -0.07 |
| 1886 | -0.04 | -0.07 | -0.06 |
| 1887 | -0.09 | -0.12 | -0.1 |
| 1888 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| 1889 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.1 |
| 1890 | -0.09 | -0.12 | -0.16 |
| 1891 | 0 | 0.01 | -0.07 |
| 1892 | -0.13 | -0.04 | -0.12 |
| 1893 | -0.15 | -0.08 | -0.14 |
| 1894 | -0.08 | -0.07 | -0.12 |
| 1895 | -0.06 | 0.01 | -0.05 |
| 1896 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| 1897 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| 1898 | -0.09 | -0.03 | -0.08 |
| 1899 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
| 1900 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
| 1901 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 1902 | -0.08 | -0.05 | -0.06 |
| 1903 | -0.15 | -0.14 | -0.18 |
| 1904 | -0.19 | -0.23 | -0.27 |
| 1905 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.09 |
| 1906 | 0.04 | 0.01 | -0.02 |
| 1907 | -0.14 | -0.15 | -0.19 |
| 1908 | -0.19 | -0.2 | -0.24 |
| 1909 | -0.2 | -0.25 | -0.25 |
| 1910 | -0.16 | -0.2 | -0.21 |
| 1911 | -0.22 | -0.21 | -0.25 |
| 1912 | -0.11 | -0.13 | -0.15 |
| 1913 | -0.1 | -0.11 | -0.13 |
| 1914 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
| 1915 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.1 |
| 1916 | -0.06 | -0.13 | -0.14 |
| 1917 | -0.14 | -0.23 | -0.21 |
| 1918 | -0.01 | -0.07 | -0.12 |
| 1919 | 0.05 | -0.05 | -0.06 |
| 1920 | 0.08 | -0.04 | -0.04 |
| 1921 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| 1922 | 0.02 | -0.05 | -0.05 |
| 1923 | 0.05 | -0.04 | -0.06 |
| 1924 | 0.03 | -0.04 | -0.05 |
| 1925 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 1926 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| 1927 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 1928 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 1929 | -0.02 | -0.13 | -0.14 |
| 1930 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| 1931 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
| 1932 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| 1933 | 0.05 | -0.06 | -0.07 |
| 1934 | 0.19 | 0.1 | 0.08 |
| 1935 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 1936 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| 1937 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.18 |
| 1938 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.17 |
| 1939 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.2 |
| 1940 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.35 |
| 1941 | 0.35 | 0.42 | 0.46 |
| 1942 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.29 |
| 1943 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.29 |
| 1944 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.46 |
| 1945 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.36 |
| 1946 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.18 |
| 1947 | 0.29 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| 1948 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| 1949 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| 1950 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| 1951 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.19 |
| 1952 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| 1953 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.32 |
| 1954 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.09 |
| 1955 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| 1956 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0 |
| 1957 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.26 |
| 1958 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.31 |
| 1959 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
| 1960 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
| 1961 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.28 |
| 1962 | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.29 |
| 1963 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.31 |
| 1964 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
| 1965 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| 1966 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| 1967 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.19 |
| 1968 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
| 1969 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| 1970 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 1971 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| 1972 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| 1973 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.38 |
| 1974 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.13 |
| 1975 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.2 |
| 1976 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
| 1977 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.4 |
| 1978 | 0.26 | 0.3 | 0.31 |
| 1979 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| 1980 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.47 |
| 1981 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.51 |
| 1982 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.38 |
| 1983 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.55 |
| 1984 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.36 |
| 1985 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| 1986 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.43 |
| 1987 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.57 |
| 1988 | 0.52 | 0.61 | 0.58 |
| 1989 | 0.44 | 0.5 | 0.48 |
| 1990 | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.64 |
| 1991 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.58 |
| 1992 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.43 |
| 1993 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.47 |
| 1994 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.53 |
| 1995 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.66 |
| 1996 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.51 |
| 1997 | 0.72 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| 1998 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.84 |
| 1999 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.63 |
| 2000 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.62 |
| 2001 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.76 |
| 2002 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.81 |
| 2003 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.83 |
| 2004 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 |
| 2005 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.86 |
| 2006 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.83 |
| 2007 | 0.82 | 0.89 | 0.81 |
| 2008 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.73 |
| 2009 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.84 |
| 2010 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.92 |
| 2011 | 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.77 |
| 2012 | 0.8 | 0.87 | 0.83 |
| 2013 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.86 |
| 2014 | 0.9 | 0.98 | 0.93 |
| 2015 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.12 |
| 2016 | 1.12 | 1.25 | 1.18 |
| 2017 | 1 | 1.15 | 1.1 |
| 2018 | 0.92 | 1.08 | 1.02 |
| 2019 | 1.06 | 1.21 | 1.14 |
Emissions of greenhouse gases by the EU27 fell by 32% from 4.8 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 1990 to 3.3 billion tonnes in 2020. Russian Federation emissions fell by 35% from 3.2 billion tonnes in 1990 to 2.1 billion tonnes in 2020. Emissions from the USA were 6.0 billion tonnes in 2020 down 7% from 6.5 billion tonnes in 1990.
In contrast, emissions from Turkiye grew by 138% from 220 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 1990 to 524 million tonnes in 2020.
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