Energy Environmental Indicators Ireland 2018

5.1 Ireland: Primary energy requirement and final energy consumption 1990-2016

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5.1 Ireland: Primary energy requirement and final energy consumption 1990-2016

Ireland’s primary energy requirement increased from an annual average of 9.8 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) in 1990-1994 to 15.8 million in 2005-2009. It fell to 13.3 million tonnes in 2014 before rising to 14.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent in 2016.
Final energy consumption, as a proportion of the primary energy requirement, has increased from 76% in 1990-1994 to 81% in 2016.

5.2 EU: Final energy consumption by economic sector 2015

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5.2 EU: Final energy consumption by economic sector 2015

Transport accounted for 41% of Ireland’s final energy consumption in 2015, which was the joint fifth highest in the EU. In Luxembourg, Transport accounted for 61% of total final energy consumption – the highest for any EU Member State.
The Industrial and Residential sectors were the next most important sectors in Ireland in 2015, accounting for 21% and 24% respectively of final energy consumption.

5.3 EU: Final energy consumption by fuel type 2015

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5.3 EU: Final energy consumption by fuel type 2015

Renewable energy accounted for 3% of Ireland’s total final energy consumption in 2015. This was the joint second lowest in the EU. Latvia had the largest share of renewable energy in 2015 at 25% of final energy consumption and Malta had the lowest at 2%.

5.4 Ireland: Primary energy production 1990-2016

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5.4 Ireland: Primary energy production 1990-2016

Total annual average primary energy production in Ireland was 3.4 million toe in 1990-1994. It fell to 1.6 million toe in 2005-2009 before increasing to 4.2 million toe in 2016.
Natural gas, as a proportion of total primary energy production, declined from an annual average of 60% in 1990-1994 to 5% in 2015, before rising again to 58% in 2016 with the coming on stream of the Corrib Gas Field.
Peat products comprised 35% of annual average total primary energy production in 1990-1994. It peaked at 57% in 2013 before falling to 16% in 2016.

5.5 Ireland: Renewable energy production 1990-2016

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	Hydro	Wind	Biomass	Landfill gas	Biogas	Liquid biofuel	Solar	Geothermal
1990-1994	67.854	0.6708	95.0947357249892	0	2.803512	0	0.090744	0.04776
1995-2000	66.6672	7.4992	98.6195231333246	14.5668	3.91632	0	0.105072	0.04776
2000-2004	61.6276	35.69	124.808205022133	20.622768	6.390288	0	0.181488	1.49184951190707
2005-2009	66.9452567380939	172.9898951138	175.292254865928	33.6103726498694	10.6234133668647	14.5709351473411	2.22819334827027	16.0031739455776
	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2010	51.533877868172	242.06067787	196.644916550685	44.1558115150097	14.2419426181091	25.522123722	7.53933665510561	25.5464001823533
2011	60.775084116804	376.7070644322	193.020714478423	43.7437311962007	13.8062761887036	23.963030702688	9.12187103500303	27.6636138726164
2012	69.0019885819776	344.901128296	222.865128404873	42.9794007973698	12.9235322560941	23.972115147276	10.2582623906278	30.4044883260671
2013	51.556772735282	390.57024528	231.994683620613	37.7887792742704	11.4436775815614	21.5381811853989	11.3384164941723	33.2285061687056
2014	60.94423242526	442.045256062	261.959020862713	39.0648556796939	13.1569090789685	22.4444500638034	12.2912288526347	37.7458503765181
2015	69.35815599686	565.277794202	258.392639528513	41.0112547690215	13.6055453238044	24.0784329095863	13.1368073538419	45.1504158659475
2016	58.568191835904	528.7717148019	290.497519079804	40.3175352296764	15.9519457997946	24.408520011744	14.2949249341277	54.6925121695427

The amount of renewable energy production in Ireland has increased from an annual average of 168 kilotonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe) in 1990-1994 to 1,028 ktoe in 2016.
Wind has been the main source of renewable energy production in Ireland in recent years, followed by biomass. In 2016, 51% of renewable energy production was attributable to wind and 28% to biomass.

5.6 Ireland: Electricity generation from renewable sources 1990-2016

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5.5 Ireland: Electricity generation from renewable sources 1990-2016

The use of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity in Ireland has increased from an annual average of 5% in 1990-1994 to 27.2% in 2016. Wind is the main source of renewables used in electricity generation, with its share growing from 0% in 1990-1994 to 22.3% in 2016.

5.7 EU: Electricity generation from renewable sources 2016

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	Total electricity generation
Austria	72.6
Sweden	64.9
Portugal	54.1
Denmark	53.7
Latvia	51.3
Croatia	46.7
Romania	42.7
Spain	36.6
Italy	34
Finland	32.9
Germany	32.2
Slovenia	32.1
EU	29.6
Ireland	27.2
United Kingdom	24.6
Greece	23.8
Slovakia	22.5
Bulgaria	19.2
France	19.2
Lithuania	16.8
Belgium	15.8
Estonia	15.5
Czech Republic	13.6
Poland	13.4
Netherlands	12.5
Cyprus	8.6
Hungary	7.2
Luxembourg	6.7
Malta	5.6

Ireland’s share of renewable sources in total electricity generation in 2016 at 27.2% was 13th highest among EU Member States and was similar to the EU average of 29.6%. Austria had the highest proportion of renewable sources in total electricity generation at 72.6% in 2016.

5.8 Ireland: Heat consumption from renewable sources 1990-2016

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5.6 Ireland: Heat consumption from renewable sources 1990-2016

	Biomass	Biogas	Solar	Geothermal	National target 2020
1990	2.50406246364521	0.0538690973836719	0.00113408626070888	0.00113408626070888	12
1991	2.3342133185339	0.0659114579103102	0.00276938898782816	0.00110775559513126	12
1992	2.20420333087219	0.0693071189766317	0.00236947415304724	0.00118473707652362	12
1993	2.17407648630533	0.0879349723039944	0.00231407821852617	0.00115703910926308	12
1994	2.10112994070615	0.0574796956338373	0.00221075752437836	0.00110537876218918	12
1995	2.05390444421296	0.0656061916956008	0.0022052501410286	0.0011026250705143	12
1996	2.18924635200094	0.0835139534128212	0.00221229015663103	0.00110614507831551	12
1997	2.10699301644046	0.096319093226764	0.00218907030060827	0.00109453515030414	12
1998	2.47468290028363	0.0988137985013712	0.00262802655588753	0.00105121062235501	12
1999	2.25985125556335	0.095380802339076	0.00256400006287839	0.00102560002515135	12
2000	2.27817859346165	0.0865184677439527	0.00240329077066535	0.000961316308266141	12
2001	2.47397815130746	0.0847937108140853	0.00235538085594681	0.000942152342378726	12
2002	2.53590968773604	0.0870164065337563	0.00338397136520163	0.0215211113389633	12
2003	2.33080397373641	0.134265657075383	0.00421042130201548	0.0435312590758745	12
2004	2.67410767817385	0.144037217757813	0.00552219365205673	0.0785970930821368	12
2005	3.22961650191066	0.127309388396653	0.00847794529869605	0.132730312588051	12
2006	3.41257473218585	0.115480391458231	0.0122921855091486	0.214647647015419	12
2007	3.45608536545172	0.0994702697222305	0.0273399991679637	0.311848021160372	12
2008	3.09687985187929	0.0931930993661296	0.059282075699591	0.395824449917133	12
2009	3.56900379099703	0.158479921015522	0.108723899562909	0.474194934226056	12
2010	3.64941571519757	0.163753469308774	0.146608567347366	0.499482783040698	12
2011	3.85430929029843	0.2079634439241	0.199659631504815	0.608611397167574	12
2012	3.97794937154718	0.197409952812127	0.22954955133393	0.684066105351288	12
2013	4.29766248437912	0.159107991211128	0.253114554307574	0.745736351935973	12
2014	5.23180103405086	0.192322027115285	0.287815109550425	0.890847888621743	12
2015	5.0877613428608	0.200588209779655	0.29494705395559	1.02455639721137	12
2016	5.05938575710093	0.212718502243702	0.307323301177782	1.20536422113116	12

Consumption of heat from renewable energy sources in Ireland has grown from an annual average of 2.3% in 1990-1994 to 6.8% in 2016. Biomass accounted for 5.1% of total heat consumption in 2016. The national target for heat from renewable energy sources is 12% by 2020.

5.9 Ireland: Transport use from renewable sources 2006-2016

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5.7 Ireland: Transport use from renewable sources 2006-2016

	Biodiesel	Biogasoline	Pure plant oil	National 2020 target
2006	0.0159661271195373	0.0145002334168795	0.0293944980991061	10
2007	0.352753782750346	0.0751599745272862	0.0333585580174916	10
2008	0.783499225202203	0.399605447737849	0.0591810435657821	10
2009	1.30106297953592	0.556809727560106	0.0322370742163764	10
2010	1.5779754004089	0.79153517143348	0.0609869526653636	10
2011	2.9	0.8	0.00325795966247911	10
2012	3.9	3.1	0.8	10
2013	3.9879102747215	0.774566298347086	0.00137691626657449	10
2014	4.39239473041606	0.701975507695318	0	10
2015	4.92458382620354	0.751306588344091	0	10
2016	4.19044264327487	0.79747658619545	0	10

Renewable energy sources for transport have been used since 2006 and have grown from 0.1% of total transport energy consumption in that year to 5% in 2016. Biodiesel and biogasoline accounted for almost all of renewable energy sources in transport over the 2006-2016 period.
The national target for renewable energy sources used in transport is 10% by 2020. This target was announced in the 2007 Energy White Paper.

5.10 EU: Imported energy dependency 2015

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	Total energy consumption imported
Estonia	7.3
Denmark	13.4
Romania	17.1
Poland	29.2
Sweden	30
Czech Republic	32.1
Bulgaria	35.4
United Kingdom	37.3
France	45.7
Finland	47.4
Croatia	48.3
Slovenia	48.8
Latvia	51.2
Netherlands	51.4
Hungary	53.3
EU	53.9
Slovakia	58.7
Austria	60.5
Germany	61.9
Greece	71.7
Spain	73.3
Italy	77.1
Portugal	77.3
Lithuania	78.4
Belgium	84.3
Ireland	88.6
Luxembourg	95.9
Malta	97.3
Cyprus	97.7

In 2015, Ireland had the fourth highest dependency on energy imports in the EU at 88.6%. Cyprus had the highest import dependency in the EU at 97.7%, while Estonia had the lowest at 7.3%.

5.11 Ireland: Fuel imports 1990-2016

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5.8 Ireland: Fuel imports 1990-2016

Ireland’s imports of fuel, expressed in tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), peaked in 2005-2009 at an annual average 14.5 million tonnes. It fell in subsequent years and was 10.3 million toe in 2016.
The proportion of fuel imports accounted for by natural gas increased from an annual average of 0% in 1990-1994 to a peak of 34% in 2010 before falling to 17% in 2016.
The proportion of fuel imports accounted for by coal products fell steadily from an annual average of 27% in 1990-1994 to 11% in 2016.
Other oil products (such as diesel, gasoline, LPG kerosene and jet kerosene) accounted for 40% of Irish fuel imports in 2016. Crude oil imports at 32% was the other significant type of fuel imports in 2016.

Table 5.1 Ireland: Primary energy requirement and final energy consumption 1990-2016
	'000 ktoe		%
Year	Primary energy requirement	Final energy consumption	Final energy consumption as % of primary energy requirement
1990-1994	9,836	7,495	76%
1995-1999	11,851	8,852	75%
2000-2004	14,559	11,386	78%
2005-2009	15,788	12,780	81%

2010	14,720	11,894	81%
2011	13,775	11,103	81%
2012	13,455	10,691	79%
2013	13,356	10,882	81%
2014	13,253	10,831	82%
2015	13,896	11,342	82%
2016	14,413	11,680	81%
Source: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

Table 5.5 Ireland: Electricity generation from renewable sources 1990-2016
% of total electricity generation
Year	Hydro	Wind	Biomass	Other	Total
1990-1994	5.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	5.0%
1995-1999	4.0%	0.4%	0.0%	0.3%	4.7%
2000-2004	3.2%	1.7%	0.0%	0.4%	5.2%
2005-2009	2.6%	6.9%	0.1%	0.5%	10.1%

2010	2.6%	10.9%	0.4%	0.7%	14.6%
2011	2.7%	13.5%	0.5%	0.7%	17.4%
2012	2.8%	15.3%	0.9%	0.7%	19.7%
2013	2.7%	16.6%	1.1%	0.7%	21.0%
2014	2.6%	18.4%	1.2%	0.7%	22.9%
2015	2.5%	21.1%	1.0%	0.7%	25.2%
2016	2.5%	22.3%	1.6%	0.7%	27.2%
Source: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

Table 5.6 Ireland: Heat consumption from renewable sources 1990-2016
% of total heat consumption
Year	Biomass	Biogas	Solar	Geothermal	Total
1990-1994	2.3%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	2.3%
1995-1999	2.2%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	2.3%
2000-2004	2.5%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	2.6%
2005-2009	3.4%	0.1%	0.0%	0.3%	3.8%

2010	3.6%	0.2%	0.1%	0.5%	4.5%
2011	3.9%	0.2%	0.2%	0.6%	4.9%
2012	4.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.7%	5.1%
2013	4.3%	0.2%	0.3%	0.7%	5.5%
2014	5.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.9%	6.6%
2015	5.1%	0.2%	0.3%	1.0%	6.6%
2016	5.1%	0.2%	0.3%	1.2%	6.8%
Source: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

Table 5.7 Ireland: Transport use from renewable sources 2006-2016
% of total transport energy consumption
Year	Biodiesel	Biogasoline	Pure plant oil	Total
2006	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%
2007	0.4%	0.1%	0.0%	0.5%
2008	0.8%	0.4%	0.1%	1.3%
2009	1.3%	0.6%	0.0%	1.9%
2010	1.6%	0.8%	0.1%	2.4%
2011	2.9%	0.8%	0.0%	3.7%
2012	3.1%	0.8%	0.0%	3.9%
2013	4.0%	0.8%	0.0%	4.8%
2014	4.4%	0.7%	0.0%	5.1%
2015	4.9%	0.8%	0.0%	5.7%
2016	4.2%	0.8%	0.0%	5.0%
Source: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

Environmental Indicators Ireland 2018

Energy

5.1 Ireland: Primary energy requirement and final energy consumption 1990-2016

5.2 EU: Final energy consumption by economic sector 2015

5.3 EU: Final energy consumption by fuel type 2015

5.4 Ireland: Primary energy production 1990-2016

5.5 Ireland: Renewable energy production 1990-2016

5.6 Ireland: Electricity generation from renewable sources 1990-2016

5.7 EU: Electricity generation from renewable sources 2016

5.8 Ireland: Heat consumption from renewable sources 1990-2016

5.9 Ireland: Transport use from renewable sources 2006-2016

5.10 EU: Imported energy dependency 2015

5.11 Ireland: Fuel imports 1990-2016

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Table 5.2 EU: Final energy consumption by economic sector 2015
% of total final energy consumption
Country	Transport	Industry	Residential	Agriculture	Services	Other
Finland	20%	44%	20%	3%	11%	2%
Slovakia	22%	44%	20%	1%	13%	0%
Hungary	25%	24%	34%	3%	13%	0%
Romania	25%	30%	34%	2%	8%	1%
Czech Republic	27%	31%	28%	3%	12%	0%
Sweden	27%	36%	23%	1%	13%	0%
Poland	28%	24%	30%	5%	13%	0%
Estonia	28%	19%	31%	5%	17%	0%
Belgium	29%	33%	23%	2%	13%	0%
Netherlands	29%	29%	20%	8%	14%	0%
Germany	30%	29%	25%	0%	16%	0%
Latvia	30%	21%	29%	4%	15%	0%
Croatia	32%	17%	37%	4%	11%	0%
Austria	33%	33%	22%	2%	10%	0%
EU	33%	25%	25%	2%	14%	0%
Italy	34%	22%	28%	2%	13%	0%
France	34%	20%	26%	3%	16%	1%
Denmark	35%	15%	31%	5%	14%	0%
Bulgaria	36%	29%	23%	2%	10%	0%
Lithuania	38%	20%	28%	2%	12%	0%
Slovenia	38%	26%	24%	2%	10%	0%
United Kingdom	39%	19%	28%	1%	12%	1%
Greece	40%	19%	27%	2%	11%	2%
Ireland	41%	21%	24%	2%	11%	0%
Portugal	41%	28%	16%	3%	12%	0%
Spain	42%	24%	19%	3%	12%	1%
Cyprus	52%	13%	19%	3%	12%	1%
Malta	54%	8%	14%	1%	22%	0%
Luxembourg	61%	16%	13%	1%	10%	0%
Source: Eurostat

Table 5.3 EU: Final energy consumption by fuel type 2015
% of total final energy consumption
Country	Renewable energy	Oil	Solid fuel	Gas	Electricity	Other
Latvia	25%	36%	1%	8%	15%	15%
Finland	22%	28%	2%	4%	28%	16%
Sweden	20%	27%	3%	2%	34%	13%
Croatia	19%	42%	1%	15%	20%	3%
Estonia	18%	36%	1%	8%	21%	16%
Romania	16%	32%	4%	25%	17%	6%
Lithuania	14%	38%	4%	11%	16%	16%
Austria	14%	36%	5%	18%	19%	7%
Portugal	14%	50%	0%	10%	25%	2%
Slovenia	13%	46%	1%	12%	23%	4%
Bulgaria	13%	35%	4%	14%	26%	9%
Hungary	13%	30%	3%	31%	18%	6%
Czech Republic	11%	28%	10%	22%	19%	9%
Denmark	10%	42%	1%	10%	19%	18%
Poland	9%	31%	19%	14%	18%	10%
Greece	9%	57%	1%	6%	26%	1%
EU	8%	40%	4%	22%	22%	5%
France	8%	42%	3%	20%	26%	2%
Italy	7%	38%	1%	29%	21%	4%
Germany	7%	38%	5%	24%	21%	5%
Spain	7%	50%	2%	17%	25%	0%
Cyprus	7%	71%	0%	0%	21%	1%
Slovakia	6%	21%	13%	31%	21%	8%
Belgium	4%	44%	4%	26%	20%	2%
Luxembourg	3%	65%	1%	15%	13%	2%
Ireland	3%	58%	5%	15%	19%	0%
United Kingdom	3%	44%	3%	29%	20%	1%
Netherlands	3%	35%	3%	35%	18%	5%
Malta	2%	66%	0%	0%	32%	0%
Source: Eurostat

Table 5.4 Ireland: Primary energy production 1990-2016
% of total primary energy production					ktoe
Year	Peat products	Natural gas	Renewable energy	Non-renewable (Wastes)	Total
1990-1994	35%	60%	5%	0%	3,374
1995-1999	36%	57%	7%	0%	3,087
2000-2004	48%	38%	14%	0%	1,841
2005-2009	45%	23%	32%	0%	1,551

2010	54%	12%	33%	0%	1,841
2011	45%	11%	44%	1%	1,718
2012	25%	13%	59%	4%	1,291
2013	57%	7%	34%	3%	2,321
2014	48%	6%	43%	3%	2,062
2015	39%	5%	52%	3%	1,975
2016	16%	58%	24%	2%	4,246
Source: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

Table 5.8 Ireland: Fuel imports 1990-2016
	% of total						'000 tonnes of oil equivalent
Year	Coal products	Crude oil	Other oil products	Natural gas	Renewables	Electricity	Total
1990-1994	27%	29%	44%	0%	0%	0%	6,926
1995-1999	19%	28%	44%	9%	0%	0%	9,706
2000-2004	13%	24%	41%	22%	0%	0%	13,422
2005-2009	11%	22%	40%	26%	0%	1%	14,523

2010	7%	23%	35%	34%	1%	0%	13,276
2011	11%	24%	33%	31%	1%	0%	12,708
2012	11%	26%	30%	33%	1%	0%	11,784
2013	12%	24%	31%	30%	1%	2%	12,316
2014	10%	24%	32%	31%	1%	2%	11,615
2015	12%	30%	29%	29%	1%	0%	12,602
2016	11%	32%	40%	17%	1%	-1%	10,289
Sources: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland and Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment