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Business In Ireland 2015

International Comparisons

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Some international comparisons of the key characteristics of the business economy are presented here. These comparisons are possible as structural business statistics are collected across the EU28. The reference year used for the EU data is 2014 as data for 2015 is incomplete for some countries. Irish data is the most recent data published by CSO and all remaining data is available on the Eurostat website.

Eurostat link: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

Business Demography

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	Financial	Distribution	Construction	Services	Industry
Belgium	2.03110418926076	24.035284622563	16.525479835557	50.8676133067669	6.54051804585235
Bulgaria	1.37650240384615	42.3530649038462	6.01442307692308	39.8431490384615	10.4128605769231
Czech Republic	2.82913178969615	23.9770264518686	16.7887911001962	38.0128076552402	18.3922430029989
Denmark	3.10423930996513	19.2865663424482	14.3517159111764	54.2737199486144	8.98375848779593
Germany	2.23631314485837	23.1819800797208	13.8593731597014	49.1977894421669	11.5245441735525
Estonia	1.16312303505524	24.2081194934947	12.5818597542033	51.3190759633666	10.7278217538802
Ireland	2.76728451025822	19.1472751082905	19.8738289513448	51.2873140592995	6.92429737080689
Spain	2.66095271998989	28.7208703532855	15.4938945102904	45.9285412451748	7.19574117125943
France	1.96139300079013	25.7435540298259	17.9005884706148	45.8855964393047	8.50886805946441
Croatia	0.684082144365861	25.8138805990488	12.5090279765068	46.1823583118706	14.8106509682079
Italy	2.37694581193706	29.8285083237168	13.9881128012647	42.7425981871541	11.0638348759274
Cyprus	3.96571731031534	32.6784878158018	14.8917978054193	37.4972007898862	10.9667962785774
Latvia	1.5765654244942	27.2353657691203	9.33263351786015	51.0432862278296	10.8121490606958
Lithuania	2.55805841847068	34.1126963409694	15.7640982942527	36.3748368513434	11.1903100949638
Luxembourg	5.22626896242719	24.0574793573577	11.2750432055303	56.378416437304	3.06279203738078
Hungary	3.96162878454118	25.1518030563654	10.650349194917	50.6104685686265	9.62575039554992
Netherlands	2.81171957371873	22.3765125044861	14.3880156275859	54.423105173802	6.00064712040717
Austria	2.62828774188323	23.053797355275	9.65174532313432	55.8312826511093	8.83488692859814
Poland	3.45855120551828	31.8362489939613	14.9576105901929	36.9400623126793	12.8075268976482
Portugal	2.07377158552766	27.9263039433634	9.79911832607836	51.4525464565621	8.7482596884685
Romania	1.54077759997242	39.2182916703776	9.15359222687325	39.5231145369766	10.5642239658001
Slovenia	1.44792561009328	19.5666409581047	14.6487870894512	48.8365663062617	15.500080036089
Slovakia	1.47808440261421	26.3085327130325	20.3172117507139	36.0157236221856	15.8804475114537
Finland	2.12247454119697	20.2611909818657	16.9634591297718	50.1521401731743	10.5007351739912
Sweden	1.97027739811731	19.1502877933278	14.3121148203251	56.2402888658495	8.32703112238023
United Kingdom	1.7708786343121	18.6207020872438	14.3029038443772	58.1918065035118	7.11370893055515

In 2014, Ireland's largest sector for active enterprises was the Services sector at 51%. This was higher than the EU average of 46.7% but lower than the United Kingdom figure 58%
Ireland had the largest percentage share of active enterprises in the EU for Construction at 20% along with Slovakia
The EU average for share of total enterprises for Construction was 15%, with the United Kingdom and Germany at 14%. Bulgaria experienced the smallest percentage share in Construction at 6%

	Financial	Distribution	Construction	Services	Industry
Belgium	4.36147121506966	22.1715869184476	10.5724582971064	43.2015547764347	19.6929287929417
Bulgaria	3.18647633571975	25.8302272051141	7.55705511630339	31.5550812737783	31.8711600690845
Czech Republic	3.02605079529652	19.5263192541575	9.93616644860813	31.1900853308318	36.321378171106
Denmark	6.06492947590724	23.8123765578999	9.64953131189918	38.1196615299553	22.3535011243384
Germany	3.91959047563968	20.9025679080875	7.60260532048157	38.3458383339703	29.229397961821
Estonia	2.29132010895661	21.3721523480968	10.0209129325666	38.0062397454948	28.3093748648852
Ireland	7.22930754985232	25.2468164740675	7.48412452755808	44.2602101040927	15.7795413444294
Spain	3.46018025065144	26.1260359210343	10.2788211486999	42.7632065415109	17.3717561381034
France	4.9388395128325	22.8050257487864	12.5307150083576	39.5553472079011	20.1700725221224
Croatia	4.01917631719041	22.43679260568	9.86552274848973	34.1851318926342	29.4933764360056
Italy	3.89834749056315	22.5227016946852	9.23968785563808	37.4462066954875	26.893056263626
Cyprus	8.12654193153374	27.0655129567269	8.36334659919684	42.6054816228773	13.8391168896652
Latvia	2.75918239148643	25.2267884416416	10.8598253436468	38.8919852687589	22.2622185544662
Lithuania	2.11076284120584	27.0726071190185	12.2383259103702	34.0917962269748	24.4865079024306
Luxembourg	13.342528437211	17.4322942865952	14.3381959206192	42.6657147029711	12.2212666526036
Hungary	3.43981058419361	21.1353162235165	7.48974818351808	38.3329734164205	29.6021515923513
Netherlands	4.22249421181165	26.06942726489	7.7353767151923	48.5439426572902	13.4287591508158
Austria	4.26142639295168	22.7050046770653	9.98392185708399	40.1485699275565	22.9010771453426
Poland	4.17938623087656	25.174591763648	10.0601740440931	28.3991511476629	32.1866968137195
Portugal	3.21851310459908	24.0726406130412	9.85859849324397	39.4613792489254	23.3888685401903
Romania	2.37504128141359	24.0907497860106	9.10983311236343	30.6936336598296	33.7307421603827
Slovenia	3.62377654180215	18.7178938178535	10.5028606141482	32.1736518100625	34.9818172161336
Slovakia	2.53744789380408	22.2004381743131	10.0482201711098	32.2364540294255	32.9774397313476
Finland	3.03015400092383	19.8745731015704	12.6350107137032	40.4780017356075	23.9822604481951
Sweden	3.05107570997703	20.7307866918283	11.7514202140468	43.7712227798401	20.6954946043078
United Kingdom	5.03994301276421	24.4538623720041	7.00968675530419	49.3120660201665	14.184441839761

Industry accounted for 15.8% of the total number of persons employed in Ireland in 2014. There were only four countries with a lower percentage: Luxembourg with 12.2%, the Netherlands with 13.4%, and Cyprus and the United Kingdom with 13.8% and 14.2% respectively
Ireland's largest sector for employment was Services at 44.3%. Only two countries had a higher percentage of persons employed in this sector - the United Kingdom with 49.3% and the Netherlands at 48.5%
Ireland and Hungary had the second lowest percentage share of persons employed in Construction in the EU, both at 7.5% of total employment; the smallest percentage share was the United Kingdom at 7%

Business Operations

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The structural business surveys are used to compile international comparisons for Turnover, Gross Value Added (GVA), productivity and profitability. See Tables 9.3 to 9.6.

The sectoral breakdown is somewhat different in these tables compared to the Business Demography data presented in Tables 9.1 and 9.2. Industry has been replaced by Manufacturing for confidentiality reasons and it was not possible to include the Financial and Insurance Activities sector.

	Services (ex. Finance)	Distribution	Construction	Manufacturing
Ireland	47.2	16	4.2	32.6
Germany	39.9742950944993	18.3707895078118	6.17637824297483	35.478537154714
Italy	38.4775306680126	19.7786589443824	7.75414952014732	33.9896608674577
Spain	44.4190224540218	23.1819900707219	7.9461039323921	24.4528835428643
France	45.6780483709686	19.972307883123	10.5135895203942	23.8360542255142
United Kingdom	54.7500719640017	19.4170292381967	9.18608406765301	16.6468147301486

The Manufacturing sector in Ireland accounted for a greater share of total GVA at 32.6%, compared to the Manufacturing sectors in Spain (24.5%), France (23.8%) and the United Kingdom (16.6%)
The Construction sector in Ireland had the lowest share of total GVA at 4.2%, than any of the other selected EU countries
The Services sector accounted for 47.2% of total GVA in Ireland in 2014, while the United Kingdom recorded the highest percentage of total GVA for the Services sector at 54.8%

	GVA per person employed
Ireland (all enterprises)	92800
Luxembourg	85600
Denmark	73700
Belgium	69000
Sweden	67900
United Kingdom	63000
Austria	60600
Finland	57200
Netherlands	56300
France	55900
Ireland (indigenous)	54900
Germany	53600
Italy	43500
Spain	38400
Cyprus	32300
Slovenia	31100
Estonia	24100
Czech Republic	22500
Portugal	22100
Greece	21700
Slovakia	20300
Hungary	20100
Poland	19800
Croatia	18500
Latvia	15600
Lithuania	15300
Bulgaria	9800

Ireland recorded the highest figure in the EU28 for GVA per person employed in 2014 at €92,800, over 8% higher than Luxembourg, who reported €85,600 GVA per person employed
If Foreign-owned enterprises were excluded from the Irish data, however, the GVA per person employed would fall to €54,900, a level similar to France and Germany

	Gross operating surplus as a percentage of turnover
United Kingdom	14.4
Ireland (all enterprises)	14
Croatia	10.9
Romania	10.7
Cyprus	10.5
Denmark	10.3
Poland	10.2
Ireland (indigenous)	10.1
Italy	10
Germany	9.9
Czech Republic	9.9
Hungary	9.9
Greece	9.6
Austria	9.5
Netherlands	9.4
Slovenia	9.3
Spain	9
Latvia	8.9
Lithuania	8.8
Slovakia	8.7
Belgium	8.4
Sweden	8.4
Bulgaria	8.3
Portugal	8.3
Estonia	8.3
Finland	7.8
France	6
Luxembourg	5.9

Gross Operating Surplus as a percentage of Turnover in Ireland was 14% in 2014, the second highest profitability rate in the EU28
The United Kingdom had the highest level of Gross Operating Surplus as a percentage of Turnover in 2014 at 14.4%
If Foreign-owned enterprises were excluded from Irish data, however, the Gross Operating Surplus figure would decrease to 10.1%

9.1 Share of active enterprises across broad sectors in selected EU countries, 2014

9.2 Share of persons employed across broad sectors in selected EU countries, 2014

9.3 Share of turnover across broad sectors in EU28 countries, 2014

9.4 Share of value added across broad sectors in EU28 countries, 2014

9.5 Gross value added per person employed across broad sectors in EU28 countries, 2014

9.6 Gross operating surplus as a percentage of turnover, EU28 countries, 2014

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Table 9.3 Share of turnover across broad sectors in EU28 countries, 2014
	Total Turnover	Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution	Services (ex. Fin) ¹	All sectors
	€ billions	%	%	%	%	%
European Union (EU28)	24,601.7	28.9	6.4	40.3	24.3	100.0
Belgium	941.9	27.8	6.6	44.9	20.8	100.0
Bulgaria	103.8	27.0	7.6	48.6	16.7	100.0
Czech Republic	377.3	39.7	6.7	35.2	18.4	100.0
Denmark	426.4	24.3	6.6	37.7	31.4	100.0
Germany	5,356.4	37.7	4.5	35.6	22.1	100.0
Estonia	48.6	23.9	8.0	45.6	22.5	100.0
Ireland	444.1	26.4	3.2	30.0	40.4	100.0
Greece	232.4	24.6	4.8	51.1	19.5	100.0
Spain	1,600.7	28.5	6.2	41.0	24.3	100.0
France	3,421.5	25.4	8.4	40.7	25.5	100.0
Croatia	65.7	25.2	7.7	43.2	23.9	100.0
Italy	2,555.7	33.9	6.7	37.8	21.5	100.0
Cyprus	23.6	11.8	7.6	46.1	34.5	100.0
Latvia	48.3	15.7	8.7	51.6	24.0	100.0
Lithuania	69.5	27.2	7.1	44.3	21.4	100.0
Luxembourg	153.0	8.6	4.5	68.9	18.0	100.0
Hungary	243.3	40.5	5.4	33.2	20.9	100.0
Malta	:	:	:	:	:	:
Netherlands	1,300.8	25.4	6.1	44.4	24.1	100.0
Austria	609.6	29.0	7.1	40.1	23.8	100.0
Poland	814.9	34.5	7.4	41.7	16.5	100.0
Portugal	280.7	28.7	6.5	42.6	22.2	100.0
Romania	224.1	30.7	6.9	44.1	18.3	100.0
Slovenia	74.4	33.2	6.4	39.5	20.9	100.0
Slovakia	156.5	43.0	5.1	32.5	19.3	100.0
Finland	354.5	36.8	8.2	33.0	22.1	100.0
Sweden	754.4	27.1	8.4	35.5	29.0	100.0
United Kingdom	3,916.1	16.4	6.9	46.7	30.0	100.0
Source: Eurostat - Business Survey Data
¹ Services covers NACE sections H, I, J, L, M and N (excludes K, R and S).

Table 9.5 Gross value added per person employed across broad sectors in EU28 countries, 2014
	Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution	Services (ex. Fin) ¹	All sectors
	€000's	€000's	€000's	€000's	€000's
European Union (EU28)	57.2	40.7	38.0	48.0	46.9
Belgium	98.9	51.1	65.7	63.2	69.0
Bulgaria	9.9	9.3	8.7	10.8	9.8
Czech Republic	27.3	14.8	18.3	22.4	22.5
Denmark	82.5	56.7	58.6	82.8	73.7
Germany	71.5	41.1	43.8	50.0	53.6
Estonia	24.7	20.1	22.3	26.0	24.1
Ireland	194.1	47.7	53.6	90.2	92.8
Greece	35.2	18.8	18.9	20.5	21.7
Spain	56.6	32.0	32.3	36.8	38.4
France	66.7	48.9	48.7	56.6	55.9
Croatia	18.2	15.6	16.7	20.7	18.5
Italy	55.8	34.3	36.0	42.0	43.5
Cyprus	29.8	26.7	26.5	37.6	32.3
Latvia	16.1	12.7	14.3	16.9	15.6
Lithuania	15.8	12.9	14.7	16.3	15.3
Luxembourg	75.8	55.5	108.3	89.3	85.6
Hungary	29.3	14.2	15.0	17.8	20.1
Malta	:	28.4	26.4	37.0	:
Netherlands	87.1	57.2	50.0	51.9	56.3
Austria	79.3	54.4	50.0	57.9	60.6
Poland	23.8	17.0	16.3	20.1	19.8
Portugal	26.8	17.6	20.3	21.8	22.1
Romania	13.4	12.9	11.8	13.9	13.1
Slovenia	36.5	21.7	29.4	29.9	31.1
Slovakia	25.0	11.0	16.9	21.1	20.3
Finland	70.8	49.1	48.7	56.3	57.2
Sweden	83.2	55.9	60.8	67.4	67.9
United Kingdom	76.1	78.2	45.7	66.2	63.0
Source: Eurostat - Business Survey Data
¹Services covers NACE sections H, I, J, L, M and N (excludes K, R and S).

Business In Ireland 2015

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Table 9.1 Share of active enterprises across broad sectors in selected EU countries, 2014
	Total active enterprises	Industry	Construction	Distribution	Services	Financial & Insurance	All sectors
	000's	%	%	%	%	%	%
European Union (EU28)	26,307	9.9	14.6	26.5	46.7	2.3	100.0
Belgium	634	6.5	16.5	24.0	50.9	2.0	100.0
Bulgaria	333	10.4	6.0	42.4	39.8	1.4	100.0
Czech Republic	1,022	18.4	16.8	24.0	38.0	2.8	100.0
Denmark	218	9.0	14.4	19.3	54.3	3.1	100.0
Germany	2,819	11.5	13.9	23.2	49.2	2.2	100.0
Estonia	80	10.7	12.6	24.2	51.3	1.2	100.0
Ireland	238	6.9	19.9	19.1	51.3	2.8	100.0
Spain	2,944	7.2	15.5	28.7	45.9	2.7	100.0
France	3,415	8.5	17.9	25.7	45.9	2.0	100.0
Croatia	147	14.8	12.5	25.8	46.2	0.7	100.0
Italy	3,847	11.1	14.0	29.8	42.7	2.4	100.0
Cyprus	49	11.0	14.9	32.7	37.5	4.0	100.0
Latvia	101	10.8	9.3	27.2	51.0	1.6	100.0
Lithuania	178	11.2	15.8	34.1	36.4	2.6	100.0
Luxembourg	31	3.1	11.3	24.1	56.4	5.2	100.0
Hungary	522	9.6	10.7	25.2	50.6	4.0	100.0
Netherlands	1,076	6.0	14.4	22.4	54.4	2.8	100.0
Austria	420	8.8	9.7	23.1	55.8	2.6	100.0
Poland	2,025	12.8	15.0	31.8	36.9	3.5	100.0
Portugal	794	8.7	9.8	27.9	51.5	2.1	100.0
Romania	696	10.6	9.2	39.2	39.5	1.5	100.0
Slovenia	137	15.5	14.6	19.6	48.8	1.4	100.0
Slovakia	438	15.9	20.3	26.3	36.0	1.5	100.0
Finland	294	10.5	17.0	20.3	50.2	2.1	100.0
Sweden	727	8.3	14.3	19.2	56.2	2.0	100.0
United Kingdom	2,219	7.1	14.3	18.6	58.2	1.8	100.0
Source: Eurostat - Business Demography Data

Table 9.2 Share of persons employed across broad sectors in selected EU countries, 2014
	Total persons employed	Industry	Construction	Distribution	Services	Financial & Insurance	All sectors
	000's	%	%	%	%	%	%
European Union (EU28)	143,141	23.8	9.2	23.3	39.7	4.1	100.0
Belgium	2,796	19.7	10.6	22.2	43.2	4.4	100.0
Bulgaria	1,970	31.9	7.6	25.8	31.6	3.2	100.0
Czech Republic	3,889	36.3	9.9	19.5	31.2	3.0	100.0
Denmark	1,754	22.4	9.6	23.8	38.1	6.1	100.0
Germany	27,873	29.2	7.6	20.9	38.3	3.9	100.0
Estonia	439	28.3	10.0	21.4	38.0	2.3	100.0
Ireland	1,334	15.8	7.5	25.2	44.3	7.2	100.0
Spain	11,495	17.4	10.3	26.1	42.8	3.5	100.0
France	16,065	20.2	12.5	22.8	39.6	4.9	100.0
Croatia	1,037	29.5	9.9	22.4	34.2	4.0	100.0
Italy	14,753	26.9	9.2	22.5	37.4	3.9	100.0
Cyprus	222	13.8	8.4	27.1	42.6	8.1	100.0
Latvia	650	22.3	10.9	25.2	38.9	2.8	100.0
Lithuania	1,025	24.5	12.2	27.1	34.1	2.1	100.0
Luxembourg	308	12.2	14.3	17.4	42.7	13.3	100.0
Hungary	2,579	29.6	7.5	21.1	38.3	3.4	100.0
Netherlands	5,549	13.4	7.7	26.1	48.5	4.2	100.0
Austria	2,992	22.9	10.0	22.7	40.1	4.3	100.0
Poland	9,467	32.2	10.1	25.2	28.4	4.2	100.0
Portugal	2,987	23.4	9.9	24.1	39.5	3.2	100.0
Romania	4,154	33.7	9.1	24.1	30.7	2.4	100.0
Slovenia	602	35.0	10.5	18.7	32.2	3.6	100.0
Slovakia	1,524	33.0	10.0	22.2	32.2	2.5	100.0
Finland	1,606	24.0	12.6	19.9	40.5	3.0	100.0
Sweden	3,077	20.7	11.8	20.7	43.8	3.1	100.0
United Kingdom	20,097	14.2	7.0	24.5	49.3	5.0	100.0
Source: Eurostat - Business Demography Data

Table 9.4 Share of value added across broad sectors in EU28 countries, 2014
	Gross value added	Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution	Services (ex. Fin) ¹	All sectors
	€billions	%	%	%	%	%
European Union (EU28)	6,186.9	27.6	8.3	20.1	44.0	100.0
Belgium	185.9	26.9	8.9	22.3	42.0	100.0
Bulgaria	17.6	30.1	7.8	24.7	37.4	100.0
Czech Republic	76.2	44.1	7.2	17.0	31.7	100.0
Denmark	118.1	25.2	8.1	20.7	45.9	100.0
Germany	1,465.1	35.5	6.2	18.4	40.0	100.0
Estonia	9.5	28.0	9.2	21.0	41.8	100.0
Ireland	113.0	32.6	4.2	16.0	47.2	100.0
Greece	47.0	21.2	7.9	31.5	39.5	100.0
Spain	399.0	24.5	7.9	23.2	44.4	100.0
France	843.3	23.8	10.5	20.0	45.7	100.0
Croatia	17.4	26.6	9.1	22.2	42.0	100.0
Italy	600.3	34.0	7.8	19.8	38.5	100.0
Cyprus	6.6	12.6	7.5	24.2	55.8	100.0
Latvia	9.3	21.1	9.4	24.6	44.9	100.0
Lithuania	13.4	24.4	9.9	27.5	38.3	100.0
Luxembourg	21.1	12.0	11.0	25.7	51.4	100.0
Hungary	48.2	41.3	5.7	17.2	35.8	100.0
Malta	:	:	:	:	:	:
Netherlands	295.3	19.9	8.3	24.5	47.4	100.0
Austria	161.2	30.6	9.7	20.2	39.5	100.0
Poland	157.8	36.6	8.9	22.5	31.9	100.0
Portugal	62.9	27.7	8.2	23.2	40.8	100.0
Romania	47.5	33.4	9.9	22.0	34.6	100.0
Slovenia	17.3	39.8	7.6	19.1	33.5	100.0
Slovakia	28.3	40.0	5.9	20.0	34.1	100.0
Finland	82.5	29.8	11.3	17.9	41.0	100.0
Sweden	201.9	25.7	10.1	19.7	44.6	100.0
United Kingdom	1,138.8	16.6	9.2	19.4	54.8	100.0
Source: Eurostat - Business Survey Data
¹ Services covers NACE sections H, I, J, L, M and N (excludes K, R and S).

Table 9.6 Gross operating surplus as a percentage of turnover, EU28 countries, 2014
	Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution	Services (ex. Fin) ¹	All sectors
	%	%	%	%	%
European Union (EU28)	8.5	11.2	4.8	19.7	9.9
Belgium	7.6	10.8	3.9	18.1	8.4
Bulgaria	9.4	7.8	4.6	17.6	8.3
Czech Republic	11.3	9.9	4.4	17.2	9.9
Denmark	11.4	7.8	4.6	16.9	10.3
Germany	7.1	10.2	5.1	22.7	9.9
Estonia	8.6	6.4	3.8	17.7	8.3
Ireland	23.2	12.2	6.4	13.8	14.0
Greece	9.7	20.8	5.1	18.5	9.6
Spain	8.1	8.3	4.9	17.1	9.0
France	5.3	4.8	2.7	12.2	6.0
Croatia	10.5	13.4	5.4	20.5	10.9
Italy	8.5	11.1	5.6	19.9	10.0
Cyprus	10.8	9.6	4.2	19.1	10.5
Latvia	11.8	7.7	4.3	17.5	8.9
Lithuania	7.1	10.0	5.9	16.5	8.8
Luxembourg	4.9	7.2	2.9	17.1	5.9
Hungary	11.3	10.8	4.5	15.5	9.9
Malta	:	18.7	6.5	23.0	:
Netherlands	6.9	10.1	5.5	18.9	9.4
Austria	9.2	9.6	4.3	18.5	9.5
Poland	10.6	12.9	5.6	19.9	10.2
Portugal	8.4	6.3	4.2	16.5	8.3
Romania	11.0	18.2	5.5	20.1	10.7
Slovenia	11.0	9.9	4.1	16.3	9.3
Slovakia	7.8	10.3	5.4	16.1	8.7
Finland	6.5	9.1	3.8	15.4	7.8
Sweden	8.0	6.9	4.3	14.2	8.4
United Kingdom	13.8	21.9	5.7	26.5	14.4
Source: Eurostat - Business Survey Data
¹Services covers NACE sections H, I, J, L, M and N (excludes K, R and S).