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E-mail: bop@cso.ie Annette Hayes (+353) 1 498 4319 John Flanagan (+353) 1 498 4054

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information@cso.ie (+353) 21 453 5000 On-line ISSN 2009-5015

CSO statistical release, 21 September 2017, 11am

International Trade in Services

2016

						€ million

	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
	2015			2016
Total	126,283	152,947	-26,663	140,971	186,179	-45,208
of which:
UK	21,632	12,683	8,948	22,496	11,841	10,656
USA	13,331	29,481	-16,151	14,742	40,348	-25,607
Germany	10,415	3,705	6,709	10,484	3,953	6,532
Netherlands	4,316	19,340	-15,023	4,314	18,381	-14,069

Service deficit of €45.2bn in 2016

Figure 1 International Trade in Services 2016

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Total service exports increased by €14.7bn from €126.3bn in 2015 to €141bn in 2016.Total service imports also increased significantly by €33.2bn from €152.9bn in 2015 to €186.2bn in 2016. As a result, the service deficit moved from €26.7bn in 2015 to €45.2bn in 2016. UK, US, Germany and the Netherlands remain Ireland’s most significant trading partners.

Computer services at €64.6bn remains the largest export category and accounted for 46 per cent of total service exports in 2016. Other Business Services, the residual import category at €86.8bn was the largest import category followed by Royalties/Licences at €72.2bn. When combined, these two import categories accounted for 85.4 per cent of total service imports in 2016 (see Table 1).

Service exports to US and Luxembourg increased by €1.4bn respectively between 2015 and 2016 (see Tables 2a & 2b). Increases in exports to UK (+€0.9bn) were mainly in Financial services and Other Business services while increases in exports to Spain (+€0.4bn) were largest in the Tourism and Travel, Transport and Other Business services categories. Service exports to Asia also increased by €2.7bn with exports to Japan up €1.6bn.

Service imports from the US increased by €10.9bn between 2015 and 2016, mainly in Research and Development services (+€8.6bn). In the same period, service imports from Europe increased significantly by €21bn in category Other Business services while imports from Asia increased by €2.6bn.

Show Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category, 2015-2016

Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category, 2015 - 2016						€ million
	2015 ¹			2016
Item	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Services	126,283	152,947	-26,663	140,971	186,179	-45,208

Repairs & Processing	1,582	1,803	-221	1,738	1,435	304

Transport	6,553	2,719	3,834	7,300	2,718	4,581

Tourism and travel	4,320	5,134	-814	4,685	5,623	-939

Insurance	10,316	7,121	3,195	9,243	6,636	2,606

Financial services	11,366	7,438	3,927	11,869	8,233	3,636

Royalties/Licences	7,329	68,936	-61,607	8,624	72,160	-63,535

Communications	684	1,030	-347	643	1,095	-452

Computer services	57,479	1,128	56,351	64,577	1,192	63,384

Total other business services	23,072	57,375	-34,304	30,337	86,822	-56,486

Research and development	1,813	18,620	-16,807	4,106	47,145	-43,041

Operational leasing	12,105	752	11,352	13,054	946	12,110

Legal, accounting and other professional services	458	1,371	-913	1,041	1,691	-652

Advertising and market research	240	4,090	-3,850	308	4,037	-3,729

Trade related services	1,930	15,984	-14,055	2,579	17,082	-14,503

Architectural engineering and other technical services	238	64	171	182	128	54

Other	6,288	16,490	-10,202	9,070	15,794	-6,724

Other services n.e.s.	3,586	265	3,321	1,956	264	1,692

¹Revised

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Show Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2016

Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2016																					€ million
Region/Country	Total Services		Repairs & Processing		Transport		Tourism and Travel¹		Insurance		Financial services		Royalties/Licences		Communications		Computer services²		Other services n.e.s.		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	77,345	82,958	447	252	6,423	1,124	3,188	3,954	6,887	4,623	8,219	1,428	1,961	27,849	295	647	34,466	347	799	120	14,661	42,615
of which:
Belgium	2,464	3,151	0	*	168	148	49	73	58	47	198	17	212	331	4	0	1,046	0	312	*	416	2,521
France	6,229	2,645	0	*	463	78	291	333	605	559	201	47	*	56	8	*	3,467	41	*	*	1,049	1,524
Germany	10,484	3,953	*	*	843	95	154	139	928	796	224	41	*	*	36	12	6,380	32	553	0	1,243	1,893
Italy	5,677	2,977	*	*	397	55	251	301	1,938	855	441	*	*	*	9	28	1,700	16	64	0	739	1,133
Luxembourg	2,998	*	56	0	8	0	5	4	19	32	1,598	6	*	*	*	*	271	*	*	32	*	106
Netherlands	4,314	18,381	*	*	171	40	63	76	124	46	410	16	98	*	*	8	2,506	23	*	0	776	1,679
Spain	3,804	2,301	*	4	437	56	904	1,156	161	115	117	38	*	124	6	*	1,082	8	105	*	919	801
Sweden	2,743	623	*	0	286	0	40	32	129	62	95	40	*	*	5	*	1,638	*	158	0	366	436
Switzerland	3,432	*	*	*	96	111	0	0	47	63	169	6	139	*	4	0	2,187	7	*	0	458	*
United Kingdom	22,496	11,841	180	*	2,355	504	828	1,176	2,394	1,601	4,238	632	858	595	134	*	6,932	200	866	64	3,713	6,435

EMU 19³	39,726	41,901	84	134	2,857	509	2,105	2,533	3,979	2,512	3,377	666	845	24,327	144	64	18,376	126	-419	43	8,378	10,988
EU 28⁴	69,644	55,711	264	215	5,936	1,013	3,151	3,921	6,658	4,353	7,787	1,367	1,761	24,983	287	643	30,254	341	691	105	12,855	18,762

North America	16,188	40,611	*	*	637	659	817	875	1,434	1,236	1,048	*	5,190	8,119	24	34	2,307	250	*	*	3,909	26,074
of which:
Canada	1,445	263	*	*	4	22	79	99	60	*	74	*	*	*	0	0	207	16	*	0	282	65
United States	14,742	40,348	*	*	633	636	738	776	1,374	*	974	2,936	*	*	20	34	2,097	234	*	*	3,628	26,009

Central America	1,868	27,771	*	*	0	0	0	0	240	358	*	21	283	27,168	0	0	45	29	*	*	789	194
of which:
Bermuda	320	3,578	*	0	0	0	0	0	125	202	74	*	272	3,326	0	0	13	*	*	0	67	44

South America	1,711	266	0	*	0	0	0	0	56	29	*	*	18	0	48	4	*	4	201	4	1,248	207
of which:
Brazil	1,052	176	0	*	0	0	0	0	9	6	*	*	1	0	8	0	*	4	*	4	838	151

Asia	19,897	9,728	0	*	0	37	52	14	442	291	635	*	*	*	52	0	*	74	2,766	8	6,471	2,724
of which:
China	3,864	338	0	4	0	0	40	0	*	*	*	*	14	0	4	0	*	4	182	1	1,273	164
Japan	4,769	1,190	0	*	0	37	12	14	35	34	235	*	*	507	0	0	*	4	686	0	*	548
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	767	57	0	*	0	0	0	0	*	*	30	*	28	0	0	0	4	0	*	0	292	44
Taiwan, Province of China	565	*	0	*	0	0	0	0	8	*	*	*	0	0	0	0	*	0	264	0	218	*

Africa	1,642	423	*	*	0	0	0	0	93	54	229	28	21	*	0	0	*	20	61	4	369	311
of which:
South Africa	844	195	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	42	110	*	*	*	0	*	*	20	41	0	111	108

Oceania and Polar regions	3,124	254	0	0	0	0	0	56	52	26	54	*	173	*	0	0	*	*	*	0	247	153
of which:
Australia	2,818	232	0	0	0	0	0	52	40	16	35	*	169	*	0	0	*	*	*	0	118	146

Not geographically allocated⁵	19,173	*	*	*	240	898	630	723	*	*	*	3,644	*	3,036	224	408	15,974	463	-2,226	48	2,636	*
International Organisations	25	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	8	0	4	*

Total	140,971	186,179	1,738	1,435	7,300	2,718	4,685	5,623	9,243	6,636	11,869	8,233	8,624	72,160	643	1,095	64,577	1,192	1,956	264	30,337	86,822
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	4,158	34,306	*	*	0	0	0	0	351	511	779	32	523	32,668	0	0	810	*	*	0	1,255	842


Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2016 - continued																€ million
Region/Country	Research and development		Operational Leasing		Legal, accounting and other professional services		Advertising and market research		Trade related services		Architectural engineering and other technical services		Other		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	520	*	4,932	178	292	330	163	*	*	10,250	135	*	*	*	14,661	42,615
of which:
Belgium	0	*	64	*	6	*	4	12	*	510	*	0	260	*	416	2,521
France	8	76	693	*	37	54	12	48	120	1,103	4	*	182	227	1,049	1,524
Germany	293	55	461	31	48	22	24	44	*	1,395	*	4	200	343	1,243	1,893
Italy	0	*	213	31	14	11	0	22	*	452	*	*	228	565	739	1,133
Luxembourg	*	*	*	0	0	*	0	0	0	29	0	*	*	57	*	106
Netherlands	*	*	388	*	25	25	*	*	*	734	*	*	270	219	776	1,679
Spain	0	84	338	*	8	14	*	*	*	421	*	*	326	263	919	801
Sweden	*	0	116	*	7	*	0	4	*	355	*	*	79	71	366	436
Switzerland	24	*	130	*	20	*	0	0	24	533	8	*	250	230	458	*
United Kingdom	4	205	710	34	111	153	116	320	464	3,037	28	19	2,281	2,669	3,713	6,435

EMU 19³	348	2,428	2,481	128	*	157	*	171	*	5,431	87	34	4,224	2,641	8,378	10,988
EU 28⁴	495	2,638	3,552	164	*	320	*	513	*	9,392	*	53	6,647	5,684	12,855	18,762

North America	755	*	1,064	104	*	617	*	*	*	*	4	42	1,372	5,610	3,909	26,074
of which:
Canada	0	*	215	*	*	*	20	*	8	*	*	*	32	20	282	65
United States	754	16,428	849	*	*	*	*	*	*	1,497	*	*	1,340	5,591	3,628	26,009

Central America	*	*	589	70	9	0	*	*	20	*	*	*	132	32	789	194
of which:
Bermuda	0	0	11	*	8	0	0	0	20	*	0	0	22	-5	67	44

South America	*	*	1,241	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	0	4	107	1,248	207
of which:
Brazil	0	*	836	*	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	0	0	83	838	151

Asia	0	*	4,673	405	54	*	29	265	39	1,366	19	0	1,658	459	6,471	2,724
of which:
China	0	*	1,260	*	0	0	0	*	4	*	4	0	4	4	1,273	164
Japan	0	13	88	126	*	*	*	*	8	219	0	0	*	140	*	548
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	0	0	286	0	*	0	*	*	0	*	0	*	4	22	292	44
Taiwan, Province of China	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	*	*	*	0	0	12	11	218	*

Africa	0	*	280	12	*	*	*	*	*	248	*	0	54	37	369	311
of which:
South Africa	0	*	59	*	*	*	0	0	*	*	*	0	44	9	111	108

Oceania and Polar regions	0	*	182	12	23	*	4	0	12	*	0	0	28	35	247	153
of which:
Australia	0	*	60	4	21	*	4	0	8	*	0	0	24	30	118	146

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	93	*	*	657	81	*	723	3,539	*	*	*	*	2,636	*
International Organisations	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	*	4	*

Total	4,106	47,145	13,054	946	1,041	1,691	308	4,037	2,579	17,082	182	128	9,070	15,794	30,337	86,822
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	*	*	708	121	20	22	*	*	28	322	11	0	449	337	1,255	842
¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales
and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat,
Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

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Show Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2015

Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2015¹																					€ million
Region/Country	Total Services		Repairs & Processing		Transport		Tourism and Travel²		Insurance		Financial services		Royalties/Licences		Communications		Computer services³		Other services n.e.s.		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	74,707	61,923	425	399	5,838	1,092	2,965	3,549	7,922	4,716	7,723	2,224	2,028	27,514	328	643	34,427	265	1,893	123	11,161	21,398
of which:
Belgium	2,539	1,936	0	*	164	133	39	45	64	44	196	11	*	*	*	0	1,107	*	380	4	417	1,509
France	6,354	2,673	4	*	448	71	314	376	666	573	209	51	75	53	7	*	3,477	30	238	0	915	1,503
Germany	10,415	3,705	8	*	824	87	123	117	986	868	211	34	101	*	36	12	6,375	16	851	0	901	1,845
Italy	6,535	3,176	20	174	385	50	209	213	2,706	792	460	505	*	12	9	20	1,694	10	*	0	794	1,397
Luxembourg	1,625	6,316	52	0	8	0	5	2	12	16	1,545	9	*	*	0	*	460	7	*	32	256	317
Netherlands	4,316	19,340	*	*	169	36	75	62	108	52	378	23	128	*	*	*	2,413	15	133	0	828	1,790
Spain	3,365	1,826	4	4	329	51	770	941	155	99	117	38	63	10	4	1	1,100	4	52	0	771	674
Sweden	2,526	629	0	0	209	0	22	14	122	66	92	17	*	*	*	*	1,541	*	122	0	384	502
Switzerland	3,278	3,195	218	*	95	103	0	0	51	65	164	12	131	*	4	0	2,043	2	153	0	418	826
United Kingdom	21,632	12,683	*	*	2,276	528	851	1,150	2,564	1,654	3,893	1,449	506	638	*	*	6,953	164	993	64	3,332	6,412

EMU 19⁴	38,700	40,618	92	*	2,670	461	1,867	2,172	4,833	2,501	3,290	686	1,220	24,475	163	85	18,579	89	518	*	5,468	9,826
EU 28⁵	67,407	55,307	207	*	5,536	988	2,928	3,502	7,701	4,421	7,318	2,174	1,787	25,167	320	639	30,308	260	1,748	*	9,562	17,682

North America	14,766	29,736	*	294	517	641	597	781	1,473	1,543	869	*	4,004	6,754	25	30	2,261	240	*	*	2,959	17,804
of which:
Canada	1,435	254	0	0	4	19	34	91	63	21	73	*	*	*	1	0	181	12	*	*	262	84
United States	13,331	29,481	*	294	514	620	562	689	1,410	1,525	797	1,573	*	*	24	29	2,078	228	944	*	2,696	17,720

Central America	*	28,996	*	0	0	0	0	0	276	466	*	66	*	28,237	0	0	*	20	*	0	635	204
of which:
Bermuda	194	5,503	*	0	0	0	0	0	139	300	86	47	160	5,112	0	0	13	0	*	0	64	45

South America	*	286	0	2	0	0	0	0	65	44	*	*	*	0	48	0	*	4	*	*	1,150	216
of which:
Brazil	953	163	0	1	0	0	0	0	10	4	*	*	0	0	8	0	*	0	*	*	729	149

Asia	17,181	7,121	8	*	3	65	46	16	426	252	645	127	281	*	52	0	9,246	53	1,953	7	4,518	2,121
of which:
China	3,454	424	4	2	0	0	40	0	60	*	*	*	16	0	4	0	*	4	143	0	1,081	296
Japan	3,219	981	0	*	3	65	6	16	49	36	233	12	*	*	0	0	*	0	561	0	267	382
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	645	47	0	*	0	0	0	0	7	*	27	*	28	0	0	0	4	0	361	0	216	25
Taiwan, Province of China	490	111	0	*	0	0	0	0	10	*	*	*	0	0	0	0	9	0	*	0	159	25

Africa	1,721	531	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	32	235	35	28	0	0	0	924	48	26	4	428	409
of which:
South Africa	951	228	0	0	0	0	0	0	28	18	101	29	*	0	0	0	602	48	*	0	158	131

Oceania and Polar regions	2,937	252	0	*	0	0	0	56	50	42	61	*	150	*	0	0	*	4	*	0	240	138
of which:
Australia	2,672	218	0	*	0	0	0	52	42	23	44	1	143	*	0	0	*	4	*	0	137	129

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	*	*	*	194	922	710	732	24	*	*	3,392	*	2,431	225	*	8,851	483	*	*	*	*
International Organisations	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	*	7	216	0	*	*

Total	126,283	152,947	1,582	1,803	6,553	2,719	4,320	5,134	10,316	7,121	11,366	7,438	7,329	68,936	684	1,030	57,479	1,128	3,586	265	23,072	57,375
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	3,230	36,075	*	*	0	0	0	0	361	649	767	90	374	32,069	0	0	701	6	*	*	1,126	2,978


Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2015¹ - continued																€ million
Region/Country	Research and development		Operational Leasing		Legal, accounting and other professional services		Advertising and market research		Trade related services		Architectural engineering and other technical services		Other		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	288	4,068	4,593	190	251	210	129	749	1,565	9,300	169	25	4,165	6,854	11,161	21,398
of which:
Belgium	0	*	46	8	16	0	4	*	73	430	20	*	258	*	417	1,509
France	8	42	583	5	32	24	8	30	105	1,092	4	4	179	307	915	1,503
Germany	50	60	398	77	38	16	20	51	132	1,255	*	4	*	379	901	1,845
Italy	0	*	299	26	*	18	*	*	*	512	0	*	204	773	794	1,397
Luxembourg	*	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	67	0	0	244	246	256	317
Netherlands	*	*	361	7	*	*	18	108	77	585	4	*	312	237	828	1,790
Spain	0	*	282	*	8	16	4	*	*	394	*	*	274	249	771	674
Sweden	*	*	122	*	7	1	*	*	24	250	0	*	86	85	384	502
Switzerland	24	*	105	*	18	*	8	*	28	502	4	*	234	276	418	826
United Kingdom	8	310	820	28	87	84	77	429	446	2,704	31	10	1,865	2,846	3,332	6,412

EMU 19⁴	115	1,196	2,212	136	123	113	61	240	974	4,979	125	16	1,857	3,146	5,468	9,826
EU 28⁵	264	1,691	3,393	179	221	203	139	685	1,522	8,541	160	25	3,860	6,359	9,562	17,682

North America	315	*	1,270	*	53	565	24	*	47	*	28	*	1,223	5,349	2,959	17,804
of which:
Canada	0	*	228	*	4	*	12	*	8	*	0	0	8	25	262	84
United States	315	7,816	1,042	205	49	*	10	*	40	1,940	28	*	1,215	5,324	2,696	17,720

Central America	*	*	463	44	20	0	*	*	*	*	0	*	98	67	635	204
of which:
Bermuda	0	0	8	-2	8	0	0	0	20	*	0	*	25	1	64	45

South America	*	*	1,145	*	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	0	3	120	1,150	216
of which:
Brazil	*	*	728	*	0	0	*	*	*	0	0	*	0	79	729	149

Asia	4	153	4,011	175	38	47	60	173	34	1,033	19	0	352	541	4,518	2,121
of which:
China	4	*	1,028	*	0	4	0	*	4	*	0	0	43	95	1,081	296
Japan	0	10	143	68	16	*	56	*	8	188	0	0	42	103	267	382
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	0	0	212	6	0	0	0	*	0	0	0	*	4	*	216	25
Taiwan, Province of China	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	4	0	*	0	0	*	12	159	25

Africa	0	0	343	14	11	5	-1	39	21	242	*	0	*	107	428	409
of which:
South Africa	0	0	105	0	11	0	0	0	4	*	0	0	38	*	158	131

Oceania and Polar regions	0	*	180	*	19	*	4	9	12	66	0	*	26	28	240	138
of which:
Australia	0	*	82	0	15	*	4	9	8	69	0	0	23	19	137	129

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	*	99	90	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	376	3,427	*	*
International Organisations	*	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	0	*	*

Total	1,813	18,620	12,105	752	458	1,371	240	4,090	1,930	15,984	238	64	6,288	16,490	23,072	57,375
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	*	*	649	82	32	13	*	*	28	160	11	0	369	301	1,126	2,978
¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means.
The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat,
Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

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Show Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by Country, 2015-2016

Table 3 - Exports and Imports of Services classified by country, 2015-2016						€ million
Region/Country	2015 ¹			2016
Region/Country	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Algeria	*	4	*	*	0	*
Angola	*	0	*	*	0	*
Argentina	170	36	135	163	36	125
Australia	2,672	218	2,455	2,818	232	2,585
Austria	851	227	624	842	291	551
Bahamas	30	*	*	68	*	*
Bahrain	52	2	50	66	*	*
Barbados	84	136	-51	79	117	-37
Belarus	*	*	*	27	2	25
Belgium	2,539	1,936	604	2,464	3,151	-688
Bermuda	194	5,503	-5,309	320	3,578	-3,257
Bosnia and Herzegovina	*	0	*	*	0	*
Brazil	953	163	791	1,052	176	877
British Virgin Islands	53	3	49	62	*	*
Bulgaria	91	27	64	101	45	59
Canada	1,435	254	1,181	1,445	263	1,181
Cayman Islands	410	*	*	522	*	*
Chile	*	42	*	*	15	*
China	3,454	424	3,029	3,864	338	3,526
Colombia	177	27	149	167	20	148
Croatia	88	57	30	89	59	30
Curacao	2	3	-1	3	0	3
Cyprus	-154	31	-185	-120	37	-156
Czech Republic	347	191	156	338	176	162
Denmark	1,286	477	809	1,350	406	944
Dominican Republic	4	0	4	3	0	3
Ecuador	23	*	*	29	*	*
Egypt	228	110	120	220	93	128
El Salvador	21	*	*	17	0	16
Estonia	22	10	12	37	11	25
Ethiopia	64	*	*	71	*	*
Finland	1,001	386	615	1,131	464	666
France	6,354	2,673	3,680	6,229	2,645	3,585
Georgia	*	0	*	*	0	*
Germany	10,415	3,705	6,709	10,484	3,953	6,532
Gibraltar	94	*	*	68	*	*
Greece	334	163	170	339	136	204
Guernsey	48	14	33	*	25	*
Hong Kong	565	87	478	608	80	528
Hungary	*	72	*	*	82	*
Iceland	*	*	*	*	4	*
India	2,406	372	2,034	2,649	626	2,023
Indonesia	305	19	285	381	9	372
Isle of Man	*	*	*	87	*	*
Israel	1,639	171	1,467	864	203	662
Italy	6,535	3,176	3,358	5,677	2,977	2,700
Jamaica	4	3	2	0	0	0
Japan	3,219	981	2,239	4,769	1,190	3,579
Jersey	9	*	*	104	*	*
Jordan	54	10	45	59	*	*
Kazakhstan	90	2	87	88	4	84
Kenya	98	26	72	75	14	60
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	645	47	596	767	57	710
Kuwait	74	0	73	74	1	73
Latvia	64	10	55	69	13	53
Lebanon	48	*	*	45	21	25
Libya	*	*	*	*	*	*
Liechtenstein	*	*	*	*	*	*
Lithuania	107	18	89	111	19	93
Luxembourg	1,625	6,316	-4,691	2,998	*	*
Macao	*	*	*	*	1	*
Malaysia	239	22	219	290	29	261
Malta	131	363	-230	115	*	*
Marshall Islands	*	*	*	*	6	*
Mexico	574	96	479	695	111	584
Montenegro	*	*	14	*	*	*
Morocco	71	22	49	73	*	*
Netherlands	4,316	19,340	-15,023	4,314	18,381	-14,069
New Zealand	222	*	*	232	1	231
Nigeria	139	96	44	144	61	82
Norway	1,440	187	1,252	1,644	204	1,441
Oman	73	*	*	69	*	*
Pakistan	94	8	85	87	*	*
Panama	49	45	5	50	*	*
Philippines	172	*	*	226	*	*
Poland	1,053	483	571	1,075	481	595
Portugal	1,027	395	633	1,076	436	639
Qatar	262	10	252	351	11	338
Romania	147	69	79	95	103	-10
Russian Federation	1,385	169	1,215	1,439	241	1,200
Rwanda	*	0	*	*	0	*
Saudi Arabia	622	321	300	537	351	188
Serbia	46	*	*	38	*	*
Singapore	1,213	*	*	1,793	*	*
Slovakia	117	25	91	95	33	63
Slovenia	56	23	34	61	27	35
South Africa	951	228	724	844	195	649
Spain	3,365	1,826	1,538	3,804	2,301	1,501
Sri Lanka	*	*	6	*	*	*
Sweden	2,526	629	1,897	2,743	623	2,120
Switzerland	3,278	3,195	83	3,432	*	*
Taiwan, Province of China	490	111	379	565	*	*
Thailand	118	*	*	185	34	151
Trinidad and Tobago	*	*	*	*	*	4
Tunisia	26	*	*	26	6	19
Turkey	671	197	473	672	181	491
Ukraine	45	22	24	65	18	48
United Arab Emirates	1,028	152	876	*	194	*
United Kingdom	21,632	12,683	8,948	22,496	11,841	10,656
United States	13,331	29,481	-16,151	14,742	40,348	-25,607
Uruguay	*	0	*	*	1	*
Venezuela	22	8	14	18	4	13
Viet Nam	169	8	162	213	12	202
Virgin Islands, US	8	0	8	9	0	9
International Organisations	*	*	*	25	*	*
Not geographically allocated ²	*	*	*	19,173	*	*
Marginal trade ³	277	84	193	361	74	287

World total	126,283	152,947	-26,663	140,971	186,179	-45,208
¹Revised
²This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
³Subtotal for countries for which exports and imports are less than €10m.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in world total.

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Background Notes

The International Trade in Services provides, on an annual basis, greater analysis of the service components and significantly more geographical detail, including a cross-classification of service components according to counterpart country/region. The data are collected and compiled within the BOP framework and as such are designed to comply in so far as possible with the stipulated international methodological standards. They also conform closely with international presentation formats taking materiality and relevance into account as well as data confidentiality constraints. The results published in this release are generally compatible with the information supplied to and published by Eurostat and the European Central Bank (ECB) concerning the economic activities of EU and EMU residents with non-residents of these areas. The figures are also compatible with those supplied to other international organisations such as IMF and OECD.

For more detailed methodological information see International Trade in Services - Background Notes ( updated January 2015) (PDF 130KB)

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