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E-mail: bop@cso.ie Annette Hayes (+353) 1 498 4319 John Sheridan (+353) 1 498 4258

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information@cso.ie (+353) 21 453 5000 On-line ISSN 2009-5015

CSO statistical release, 24 November 2016, 11am

International Trade in Services

2015

						€ million
	Services
	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
	2014			2015
Total	105,327	111,453	-6,127	121,605	150,963	-29,357
of which:
UK	19,816	11,969	7,847	23,535	12,054	11,482
USA	9,076	26,445	-17,369	12,174	31,675	-19,499
Germany	8,804	2,791	6,013	9,569	3,055	6,513
Netherlands	3,877	15,740	-11,864	4,009	19,393	-15,384

Service deficit of €29.4bn in 2015

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Total service exports increased by €16.3bn from €105.3bn in 2014 to €121.6bn in 2015. Total service imports also increased significantly by €39.5bn from €111.5bn in 2014 to €151bn in 2015. As a result, the service deficit moved from €6.1bn in 2014 to €29.4bn in 2015.

Computer services at €57.4bn remains the largest export category and accounted for 47 per cent of total service exports in 2015. Royalties/Licences at €67.8bn was the largest import category followed by Other Business services, the residual import category, at €57.9bn. When combined, these two import categories accounted for 83.2 per cent of total service imports in 2015 (see Table 1).

Service exports to the UK increased by €3.7bn between 2014 and 2015, mainly in the Computer services and Financial services categories (see Tables 2a & 2b). Increases in exports to Germany (+€0.8bn) and France (+€0.7bn) were mainly in Computer services while increases in exports to Spain (+€0.7bn) and Italy (+€0.5bn) were largest in the Tourism and Travel and Insurance services categories respectively. Service exports to Asia also increased by €4.5bn, mainly in Computer services, with exports to China up €2bn.

Service imports from the US increased by €5.2bn between 2014 and 2015. In the same period, service imports from Asia increased by €4.3bn and imports from the Netherlands and Switzerland increased by €3.7bn and €1.1bn respectively.

Show Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category, 2012-2015

Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category, 2012-2015												€ million
	2012¹			2013¹			2014 ¹			2015
Item	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Services	85,788	92,538	-6,749	92,452	93,089	-637	105,327	111,453	-6,127	121,605	150,963	-29,357

Repairs & Processing	1,329	1,433	-105	1,440	982	458	1,223	1,255	-32	1,110	1,400	-290

Transport	4,609	1,547	3,061	4,827	1,587	3,241	5,193	2,171	3,021	5,936	2,489	3,447

Tourism and travel	3,022	4,609	-1,588	3,370	4,669	-1,301	3,656	4,826	-1,170	4,320	5,121	-801

Insurance	8,433	5,964	2,469	8,439	5,338	3,101	8,723	5,703	3,019	10,300	7,090	3,210

Financial services	8,544	5,156	3,389	8,314	5,340	2,975	8,970	6,892	2,078	11,042	6,991	4,052

Royalties/Licences	3,880	33,847	-29,967	4,388	36,492	-32,104	5,242	48,288	-43,046	6,723	67,765	-61,042

Communications	569	1,087	-518	522	1,049	-526	569	984	-415	668	1,021	-354

Computer services	37,935	358	37,577	42,057	482	41,574	49,165	639	48,526	57,409	916	56,490

Total other business services	15,965	38,331	-22,367	17,398	36,879	-19,482	20,705	40,428	-19,723	21,958	57,902	-35,944

Research and development	766	8,006	-7,240	1,114	6,058	-4,944	2,277	8,704	-6,427	1,758	19,701	-17,941

Operational leasing	7,537	1,434	6,104	7,696	1,449	6,247	9,442	934	8,507	11,751	770	10,982

Legal, accounting and other professional services	*	839	*	336	1,119	-783	400	845	-448	480	1,443	-963

Advertising and market research	*	4,259	*	146	4,245	-4,101	98	3,583	-3,485	106	4,042	-3,936

Trade related services	1,924	12,444	-10,519	2,315	12,614	-10,300	1,988	14,003	-12,014	1,919	16,741	-14,822

Architectural engineering and other technical services	288	89	197	319	150	169	212	99	114	235	63	175

Other	4,961	11,257	-6,296	5,475	11,242	-5,767	6,290	12,259	-5,969	5,706	15,142	-9,436

Other services n.e.s.	1,507	210	1,297	1,697	269	1,428	1,882	266	1,616	2,139	266	1,873

¹Revised
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in 'Total other business services' total.

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Show Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2015

Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2015																					€ million
Region/Country	Total Services		Repairs & Processing		Transport		Tourism and Travel¹		Insurance		Financial services		Royalties/Licences		Communications		Computer services²		Other services n.e.s.		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	72,530	60,206	314	363	5,296	1,257	2,965	3,536	7,911	4,729	7,510	1,984	1,827	26,694	296	630	34,229	219	1,630	124	10,555	20,670
of which:
Belgium	2,363	1,829	0	*	11	156	39	45	64	48	*	10	*	*	4	0	1,107	*	380	4	417	1,502
France	5,933	2,648	4	*	108	82	314	376	666	573	194	42	68	53	7	*	3,473	31	238	0	861	1,479
Germany	9,569	3,055	8	44	101	100	123	117	986	868	207	49	*	22	*	4	6,371	16	*	0	831	1,837
Italy	6,242	3,182	20	175	97	57	209	213	2,698	791	440	*	115	24	9	*	1,694	10	150	0	813	1,398
Luxembourg	1,477	6,310	52	0	0	0	5	2	12	16	1,535	4	*	*	0	*	285	7	*	32	294	316
Netherlands	4,009	19,393	0	*	4	43	75	62	108	52	*	*	119	*	*	*	2,410	15	*	0	721	1,805
Spain	3,081	1,823	4	4	98	58	770	941	155	100	*	*	*	10	4	*	1,097	4	52	0	745	674
Sweden	2,299	399	0	0	0	0	22	14	122	64	*	5	*	*	2	*	1,541	*	122	0	374	301
Switzerland	3,167	3,209	218	*	29	121	0	0	51	65	*	9	129	*	*	0	2,057	2	*	0	355	824
United Kingdom	23,535	12,054	4	58	4,753	603	851	1,137	2,562	1,660	3,786	*	385	611	149	*	6,933	121	998	64	3,118	6,001

EMU 19³	35,647	39,830	*	269	515	532	1,867	2,172	4,824	2,509	3,192	648	1,170	23,699	135	77	18,391	86	*	46	5,222	9,793
EU 28⁴	65,641	53,655	*	328	5,268	1,135	2,928	3,489	7,690	4,431	7,105	1,937	1,609	24,347	288	626	30,096	213	*	108	9,090	17,037

North America	13,592	31,926	*	272	515	592	597	781	1,468	1,539	754	1,380	3,633	6,361	*	26	2,156	253	1,678	68	2,751	20,652
of which:
Canada	1,416	251	*	0	25	22	34	91	58	20	73	*	*	*	1	*	178	12	737	0	246	79
United States	12,174	31,675	*	272	490	569	562	689	1,410	1,521	681	*	*	*	*	*	1,975	241	940	68	2,505	20,575

Central America	*	28,988	*	*	*	0	0	0	276	466	*	*	*	28,237	*	*	26	4	-878	0	571	215
of which:
Bermuda	198	5,501	*	0	0	0	0	0	139	300	89	*	160	5,112	0	0	13	0	*	*	64	43

South America	*	232	0	*	*	0	0	0	65	44	*	*	*	0	48	*	*	4	*	4	1,114	162
of which:
Brazil	919	104	0	*	0	0	0	0	10	4	*	*	0	0	8	0	*	0	*	4	694	90

Asia	16,937	7,038	*	*	*	77	46	16	426	253	639	*	272	*	52	0	9,239	38	1,953	7	4,296	2,053
of which:
China	3,377	410	*	2	0	0	40	0	60	*	*	*	*	0	4	0	*	4	143	0	1,007	280
Japan	3,155	969	0	*	5	77	6	16	49	37	*	8	*	*	0	0	*	0	561	0	213	361
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	630	50	0	*	0	0	0	0	7	*	27	*	*	0	0	0	4	0	*	0	201	25
Taiwan, Province of China	490	105	0	*	0	0	0	0	10	*	*	*	0	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	159	20

Africa	1,712	510	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	32	235	*	*	0	0	0	*	4	26	*	427	434
of which:
South Africa	944	206	0	*	0	0	0	0	28	18	*	*	*	0	0	0	598	4	46	0	157	156

Oceania and Polar regions	2,894	*	0	0	0	0	0	56	50	42	*	*	110	*	0	0	*	4	752	*	235	135
of which:
Australia	2,627	216	0	0	0	0	0	52	42	23	*	*	103	*	0	0	*	4	696	0	132	127

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	21,806	32	285	121	565	710	732	24	-17	1,218	3,392	653	2,471	249	*	9,101	*	*	*	*	*
International Organisations	*	*	0	0	*	0	0	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	*	*

Total	121,605	150,963	1,110	1,400	5,936	2,489	4,320	5,121	10,300	7,090	11,042	6,991	6,723	67,765	668	1,021	57,409	916	2,139	266	21,958	57,902
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	3,196	35,991	*	*	*	0	0	0	361	649	776	89	378	32,069	0	0	701	6	-775	0	1,081	*


Table 2a Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2015 - continued																€ million
Region/Country	Research and development		Operational Leasing		Legal, accounting and other professional services		Advertising and market research		Trade related services		Architectural engineering and other technical services		Other		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	233	3,930	4,442	190	255	196	69	718	1,549	9,345	169	14	3,834	6,277	10,555	20,670
of which:
Belgium	0	*	46	8	16	4	4	*	73	430	20	0	255	826	417	1,502
France	4	30	551	5	32	24	4	29	105	1,092	4	0	168	300	861	1,479
Germany	50	70	355	77	*	16	*	43	132	1,255	*	0	156	372	831	1,837
Italy	0	*	329	26	14	18	0	*	*	512	0	*	*	774	813	1,398
Luxembourg	*	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	0	67	0	0	290	206	294	316
Netherlands	1	*	361	7	15	*	14	107	77	600	4	*	247	240	721	1,805
Spain	0	*	266	*	*	16	*	*	*	394	*	*	265	249	745	674
Sweden	*	*	117	*	7	*	*	*	*	250	*	*	85	57	374	301
Switzerland	*	11	105	*	18	*	*	*	28	502	4	*	172	276	355	824
United Kingdom	4	312	812	28	91	71	41	424	431	2,735	31	6	1,712	2,424	3,118	6,001

EMU 19³	62	1,232	2,150	136	127	114	41	219	974	4,994	125	8	1,743	3,089	5,222	9,793
EU 28⁴	209	1,556	3,310	179	229	192	*	660	1,507	8,584	*	14	3,591	5,853	9,090	17,037

North America	351	11,553	1,272	*	61	*	13	*	47	*	28	*	980	4,437	2,751	20,652
of which:
Canada	0	*	228	*	4	0	0	*	8	*	0	0	4	21	246	79
United States	351	*	1,043	205	57	*	13	*	40	1,962	28	*	976	4,418	2,505	20,575

Central America	0	*	439	*	20	0	*	*	20	*	*	*	*	74	571	215
of which:
Bermuda	0	0	8	*	8	*	0	*	20	*	0	0	25	1	64	43

South America	0	*	1,109	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	66	1,114	162
of which:
Brazil	0	*	693	*	0	0	0	*	0	0	0	*	0	20	694	90

Asia	4	138	3,869	187	42	43	7	165	34	1,033	19	0	323	485	4,296	2,053
of which:
China	*	*	971	*	4	4	*	*	*	*	*	0	24	81	1,007	280
Japan	0	10	143	60	16	*	0	*	*	188	0	0	*	94	213	361
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	0	0	197	6	0	0	0	3	*	0	0	0	*	16	201	25
Taiwan, Province of China	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	*	0	*	*	9	159	20

Africa	0	0	343	14	*	5	*	39	21	242	*	0	46	131	427	434
of which:
South Africa	0	0	105	0	11	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	50	157	156

Oceania and Polar regions	0	*	180	*	19	*	4	1	12	66	0	*	23	23	235	135
of which:
Australia	0	*	82	0	15	*	4	1	8	69	0	*	19	13	132	127

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	*	91	70	*	*	*	231	4,016	*	0	408	3,650	*	*
International Organisations	*	0	*	*	*	0	*	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	*	*

Total	1,758	19,701	11,751	770	480	1,443	106	4,042	1,919	16,741	235	63	5,706	15,142	21,958	57,902
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	0	*	649	108	32	*	4	*	28	160	11	0	353	206	1,081	*
¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales
and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat,
Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

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Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2015 Table 2a (XLS 63KB)

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Show Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2014

Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2014¹																					€ million
Region/Country	Total Services		Repairs & Processing		Transport		Tourism and Travel²		Insurance		Financial services		Royalties/Licences		Communications		Computer services³		Other services n.e.s.		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	65,000	50,716	277	430	4,669	1,130	2,151	3,358	6,694	4,203	5,797	2,840	1,523	22,936	266	710	30,805	192	1,576	124	11,236	14,791
of which:
Belgium	1,990	1,558	0	*	9	129	48	43	67	41	*	13	*	*	4	0	1,025	0	179	5	374	1,267
France	5,275	2,412	4	*	103	70	201	354	595	565	175	*	100	48	7	5	2,966	27	240	0	879	1,200
Germany	8,804	2,791	8	55	100	86	334	109	813	935	178	167	*	20	*	4	5,711	18	*	0	978	1,404
Italy	5,710	2,566	12	174	96	49	131	203	2,336	657	431	424	*	*	*	*	1,548	9	*	0	948	1,046
Luxembourg	1,743	6,347	56	0	0	0	7	2	18	34	1,111	*	*	*	0	*	276	10	-310	32	*	309
Netherlands	3,877	15,740	0	*	4	37	57	58	84	47	*	*	108	*	*	*	2,043	12	*	0	1,088	975
Spain	2,341	1,592	4	4	96	50	203	883	212	83	*	29	*	7	4	7	1,104	3	28	0	588	526
Sweden	2,089	425	0	0	0	0	43	13	98	41	*	*	*	0	4	*	1,390	12	57	0	413	316
Switzerland	2,829	2,094	193	*	24	98	0	0	57	79	*	*	143	1,383	*	0	1,739	3	*	0	410	506
United Kingdom	19,816	11,969	4	23	4,144	579	918	1,105	2,014	1,202	2,738	*	312	781	148	*	5,696	99	602	64	3,238	5,797

EMU 19⁴	32,834	34,340	*	400	501	452	1,083	2,038	4,254	2,415	2,556	935	953	20,563	*	131	17,040	74	*	46	5,504	7,286
EU 28⁵	58,169	47,829	*	421	4,646	1,030	2,139	3,315	6,492	3,872	5,423	2,739	1,298	21,389	*	708	26,797	188	*	108	9,527	14,054

North America	10,267	26,614	*	153	398	462	939	725	1,124	692	554	*	*	5,865	*	*	*	167	932	68	1,672	15,439
of which:
Canada	1,191	170	0	0	20	19	159	87	44	13	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	4	606	0	160	52
United States	9,076	26,445	*	153	379	444	779	638	1,080	679	*	*	2,408	*	*	*	2,059	163	326	68	1,513	15,388

Central America	1,542	18,128	*	0	0	0	0	0	265	451	*	*	*	17,390	*	*	*	4	-924	*	444	188
of which:
Bermuda	522	4,912	*	0	0	0	0	0	131	262	83	*	*	4,540	0	0	12	0	-968	*	62	32

South America	1,629	218	0	0	0	0	0	0	104	64	*	*	*	0	0	0	*	0	81	*	686	126
of which:
Brazil	640	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	24	5	*	*	*	0	0	0	20	0	134	*	390	71

Asia	12,472	2,762	*	*	4	77	51	14	341	162	598	*	*	*	7	0	5,932	36	1,742	6	3,591	1,572
of which:
China	1,363	303	*	*	0	0	40	0	11	5	*	*	*	0	4	0	141	4	163	1	953	247
Japan	2,680	985	0	*	4	77	11	14	55	34	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	0	491	0	215	432
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	641	61	0	*	0	0	0	0	9	3	20	*	*	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	186	25
Taiwan, Province of China	512	99	0	*	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	11	0	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	*	27

Africa	1,879	411	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	32	207	77	*	0	*	0	1,094	4	*	4	428	291
of which:
South Africa	731	132	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	16	*	*	*	0	0	0	475	4	37	*	106	84

Oceania and Polar regions	2,360	288	0	*	0	0	0	56	59	42	*	*	109	*	0	0	*	4	549	0	193	165
of which:
Australia	2,071	259	0	*	0	0	0	52	44	22	*	*	104	*	0	0	*	4	503	0	112	161

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	*	*	255	118	503	515	674	44	*	1,257	630	544	1,802	269	*	7,077	*	*	*	2,445	7,849
International Organisations	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	*	*	1	*	*	0	8	8

Total	105,327	111,453	1,223	1,255	5,193	2,171	3,656	4,826	8,723	5,703	8,970	6,892	5,242	48,288	569	984	49,165	639	1,882	266	20,705	40,428
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	2,935	19,228	*	*	0	0	0	0	333	661	634	*	*	17,551	0	0	571	4	-884	0	962	633


Table 2b Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2014¹ - continued																€ million
Region/Country	Research and development		Operational Leasing		Legal, accounting and other professional services		Advertising and market research		Trade related services		Architectural engineering and other technical services		Other		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	686	969	3,900	184	223	346	60	1,089	1,554	5,952	161	51	4,655	6,201	11,236	14,791
of which:
Belgium	0	*	38	30	*	*	*	18	72	325	*	0	236	742	374	1,267
France	4	38	462	10	27	18	4	34	102	808	4	0	279	294	879	1,200
Germany	32	73	446	20	*	11	*	113	125	880	*	4	264	303	978	1,404
Italy	0	*	404	35	13	*	0	50	*	294	*	4	284	616	948	1,046
Luxembourg	0	0	*	0	0	*	0	*	0	*	0	*	*	284	*	309
Netherlands	*	*	79	1	11	*	*	155	183	315	*	0	313	293	1,088	975
Spain	0	*	183	0	8	*	4	8	*	262	*	0	238	217	588	526
Sweden	*	*	93	*	7	2	*	*	31	153	*	*	156	40	413	316
Switzerland	8	4	83	0	12	1	4	23	28	267	4	0	274	210	410	506
United Kingdom	*	404	634	37	86	136	*	630	443	1,876	29	41	1,992	2,674	3,238	5,797

EMU 19⁴	*	415	1,780	100	114	178	*	387	965	3,299	96	8	1,998	2,899	5,504	7,286
EU 28⁵	679	934	2,718	167	210	325	*	1,039	1,505	5,682	*	51	4,224	5,858	9,527	14,054

North America	244	*	790	477	39	64	13	*	46	*	16	*	523	2,744	1,672	15,439
of which:
Canada	0	*	134	0	4	0	0	*	8	*	0	*	15	9	160	52
United States	244	*	657	477	38	64	12	*	40	*	16	*	507	2,733	1,513	15,388

Central America	0	*	303	*	16	1	0	*	20	*	0	0	99	64	444	188
of which:
Bermuda	0	0	4	*	8	0	0	0	20	*	0	0	23	5	62	32

South America	*	*	681	*	0	*	*	*	0	0	*	*	4	34	686	126
of which:
Brazil	0	*	388	*	0	0	0	*	0	0	0	*	0	15	390	71

Asia	4	196	3,098	154	25	18	5	124	34	606	15	0	414	474	3,591	1,572
of which:
China	0	*	902	*	0	2	0	*	4	*	0	0	40	188	953	247
Japan	0	30	102	60	12	*	0	*	*	220	0	0	*	110	215	432
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	0	*	181	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	0	*	*	20	186	25
Taiwan, Province of China	0	0	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	*	0	0	*	10	*	27

Africa	0	*	228	*	4	*	0	*	15	135	*	*	*	134	428	291
of which:
South Africa	0	*	55	*	4	0	0	*	4	61	*	*	*	16	106	84

Oceania and Polar regions	0	39	133	0	16	7	0	1	12	88	0	0	33	30	193	165
of which:
Australia	0	39	61	0	12	7	0	1	8	89	0	0	29	23	112	161

Not geographically allocated⁶	1,341	1,422	307	18	*	406	*	480	306	*	*	*	*	2,578	2,445	7,849
International Organisations	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	0	0	8	8

Total	2,277	8,704	9,442	934	400	845	98	3,583	1,988	14,003	212	99	6,290	12,259	20,705	40,428
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	0	*	517	103	21	*	4	25	*	202	*	0	383	184	962	633
¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means.
The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat,
Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

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Show Table 2c Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2013

Table 2c Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2013¹																						€ million
Region/Country	Total Services		Repairs & Processing		Transport		Tourism and Travel²		Insurance		Financial services		Royalties/Licences		Communications		Computer services³		Other services n.e.s.		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	57,815	47,106	310	206	4,385	963	2,050	3,112	6,478	3,622	5,140	1,927	917	23,923	273	761	29,183	202	-8	123	9,087	12,267
of which:
Belgium	1,622	1,528	0	0	20	22	43	32	66	35	219	7	*	*	*	0	891	4	*	*	308	1,360
France	4,902	2,168	0	*	107	55	200	374	597	587	157	81	*	55	*	6	2,960	26	*	*	592	976
Germany	8,338	2,251	*	*	106	108	286	79	664	715	164	200	*	34	12	*	5,647	14	397	0	951	1,060
Italy	5,478	2,233	*	*	100	38	118	230	2,113	549	701	460	*	*	*	*	1,410	9	53	0	1,004	832
Luxembourg	161	7,629	*	0	0	0	4	5	19	15	722	*	4	7,296	0	*	273	4	*	32	128	151
Netherlands	3,525	14,731	*	0	7	48	69	32	90	53	189	29	62	*	*	*	2,305	8	*	0	609	1,044
Spain	2,131	1,685	*	*	100	31	209	990	151	58	82	36	*	*	*	*	982	0	28	0	553	544
Sweden	1,971	388	0	*	0	0	43	17	174	76	80	20	*	*	*	*	1,259	25	*	0	349	214
Switzerland	2,679	2,108	217	*	24	98	0	0	59	65	162	19	*	1,493	*	0	1,650	4	*	*	388	406
United Kingdom	17,522	9,726	*	*	3,822	539	880	803	1,904	1,100	2,242	821	441	1,034	*	*	5,212	102	345	64	2,542	4,615

EMU 19⁴	28,571	33,438	*	*	539	327	1,028	2,114	3,998	2,058	2,350	952	378	21,240	123	100	16,195	62	*	*	4,500	6,373
EU 28⁵	51,205	44,430	*	*	4,360	865	2,046	3,054	6,285	3,474	4,720	1,808	845	22,320	267	*	25,034	194	*	*	7,736	11,658

North America	9,831	23,195	*	52	353	294	825	687	1,056	769	780	2,433	*	*	20	*	*	*	1,648	71	1,719	12,295
of which:
Canada	1,105	281	0	0	17	15	110	84	59	23	*	17	*	*	0	0	*	*	588	3	143	118
United States	8,726	22,915	*	52	335	278	715	602	997	745	*	2,417	1,892	*	19	*	1,214	135	1,061	68	1,577	12,176

Central America	*	6,115	*	0	0	0	0	0	277	549	*	*	*	5,350	0	0	*	*	*	0	326	187
of which:
Bermuda	1,068	4,245	*	0	0	0	0	0	160	427	105	*	*	3,789	0	0	*	*	*	0	59	22

South America	*	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	81	52	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	4	393	132
of which:
Brazil	407	101	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	3	82	*	0	*	0	0	*	0	*	4	176	77

Asia	10,832	2,579	*	*	4	35	49	17	404	216	672	215	229	*	*	0	4,499	*	1,661	6	3,302	1,723
of which:
China	1,359	281	0	0	0	0	40	0	10	3	*	*	*	0	0	0	96	*	159	1	1,006	229
Japan	2,470	874	*	0	4	35	9	17	85	24	195	75	117	*	0	0	*	*	628	1	199	484
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	552	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	*	0	0	0	8	0	*	0	174	31
Taiwan, Province of China	515	122	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	84	12	*	0	0	0	*	0	*	*	44	83

Africa	1,938	280	*	0	0	0	0	0	80	21	192	26	*	*	0	0	1,199	*	21	4	421	216
of which:
South Africa	775	108	*	0	0	0	0	0	29	20	67	20	*	*	0	0	544	0	25	*	88	68

Oceania and Polar regions	1,910	438	*	*	0	0	0	56	59	74	49	9	103	*	0	*	*	*	509	0	144	281
of which:
Australia	1,723	411	*	*	0	0	0	52	49	67	46	8	99	*	0	*	*	*	466	0	110	268

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	*	8	628	88	297	442	796	4	36	*	*	494	523	222	274	4,817	97	-1,744	48	*	*
International Organisations	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	0	*	*	0	0	*	0	*	*

Total	92,452	93,089	1,440	982	4,827	1,587	3,370	4,669	8,439	5,338	8,314	5,340	4,388	36,492	522	1,049	42,057	482	1,697	269	17,398	36,879
of which:
All offshore centres ⁷	3,280	6,747	*	*	0	0	0	0	327	583	723	65	*	5,449	0	0	408	1	-628	*	879	560


Table 2c Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2013¹ - continued																€ million
Region/Country	Research and development		Operational Leasing		Legal, accounting and other professional services		Advertising and market research		Trade related services		Architectural engineering and other technical services		Other		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	140	931	3,268	222	205	321	67	1,351	1,472	3,691	263	73	3,671	5,678	9,087	12,267
of which:
Belgium	*	*	33	*	*	5	0	*	*	231	*	*	196	863	308	1,360
France	*	55	236	*	*	17	*	108	*	551	*	*	228	225	592	976
Germany	22	83	448	*	*	5	*	100	*	581	86	*	223	271	951	1,060
Italy	*	*	473	*	*	5	0	*	*	227	*	*	302	462	1,004	832
Luxembourg	0	0	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	110	133	128	151
Netherlands	0	*	215	*	*	*	*	257	83	137	*	*	249	495	609	1,044
Spain	*	*	172	*	*	0	0	*	*	173	*	*	204	256	553	544
Sweden	*	*	130	*	*	7	*	*	*	99	*	*	65	39	349	214
Switzerland	0	*	52	0	*	0	*	*	*	183	*	*	293	*	388	406
United Kingdom	*	439	493	42	68	153	*	574	430	1,148	*	47	1,456	2,211	2,542	4,615

EMU 19⁴	31	450	1,711	124	*	145	28	657	*	2,119	*	24	1,645	2,853	4,500	6,373
EU 28⁵	140	945	2,510	186	193	310	*	1,307	1,352	3,479	*	73	3,244	5,357	7,736	11,658

North America	316	*	597	*	*	*	*	2,205	*	*	12	33	691	2,160	1,719	12,295
of which:
Canada	0	*	117	0	*	*	*	36	*	*	*	*	12	25	143	118
United States	316	4,216	478	*	22	300	8	2,168	*	2,522	*	*	679	2,137	1,577	12,176

Central America	*	0	218	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	0	69	67	326	187
of which:
Bermuda	*	0	4	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	0	22	-1	59	22

South America	*	*	385	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0	5	88	393	132
of which:
Brazil	0	*	175	*	*	0	*	*	0	0	*	0	*	53	176	77

Asia	*	187	2,758	246	*	12	*	234	*	747	*	3	337	295	3,302	1,723
of which:
China	*	*	920	*	*	4	0	*	*	*	*	0	29	86	1,006	229
Japan	*	34	114	78	*	*	0	*	*	265	*	*	66	*	199	484
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	0	*	171	*	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	0	0	7	174	31
Taiwan, Province of China	*	0	*	*	*	0	0	0	0	*	*	0	6	6	44	83

Africa	*	*	226	*	*	6	*	*	*	49	*	*	155	25	421	216
of which:
South Africa	0	*	57	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	27	8	88	68

Oceania and Polar regions	0	42	87	0	*	1	*	16	*	165	*	0	36	55	144	281
of which:
Australia	0	37	59	0	*	1	*	10	*	164	0	0	35	53	110	268

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	*	156	16	67	*	38	*	575	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
International Organisations	*	0	0	*	0	*	0	*	0	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total	1,114	6,058	7,696	1,449	336	1,119	146	4,245	2,315	12,614	319	150	5,475	11,242	17,398	36,879
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	0	50	465	117	*	2	*	41	*	*	11	*	335	181	879	560
¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales
and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat,
Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

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Show Table 2d Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2012

Table 2d Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2012¹																						€ million
Region/Country	Total Services		Repairs & Processing		Transport		Tourism and Travel²		Insurance		Financial services		Royalties/Licences		Communications		Computer services³		Other services n.e.s.		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	55,007	48,574	331	451	4,214	880	1,878	3,257	6,234	3,997	4,953	1,612	1,084	21,044	285	856	27,469	203	-263	93	8,823	16,183
of which:
Belgium	1,525	1,697	0	*	25	20	33	26	62	39	268	*	*	*	0	*	734	0	*	7	315	1,471
France	5,014	2,921	*	*	108	48	189	322	644	647	158	65	101	136	*	*	3,031	25	*	0	652	1,607
Germany	9,095	3,467	*	*	336	91	227	107	629	782	321	196	*	40	17	*	6,005	25	203	0	1,287	2,137
Italy	5,091	2,462	*	*	370	32	107	211	1,676	720	605	359	*	*	*	*	1,339	7	40	0	878	945
Luxembourg	134	*	*	0	0	0	4	4	15	15	697	*	*	*	0	0	173	*	*	0	87	89
Netherlands	3,570	14,498	0	0	8	39	51	55	230	119	162	20	*	*	*	24	2,501	*	*	0	513	1,713
Spain	2,610	1,621	0	*	528	27	181	961	128	68	112	23	*	*	*	*	1,081	0	*	0	506	502
Sweden	1,691	325	0	0	0	0	47	19	154	77	69	12	*	*	*	*	1,053	*	*	0	280	169
Switzerland	2,413	2,037	232	*	23	93	0	0	61	76	138	68	*	*	*	*	1,491	*	*	0	352	939
United Kingdom	15,775	10,638	*	192	2,726	511	850	901	2,141	1,130	2,000	597	356	1,091	215	628	4,703	103	*	61	2,332	5,421

EMU 19⁴	28,830	34,020	*	*	1,468	276	863	2,150	3,490	2,443	2,432	829	676	18,984	44	185	16,174	71	*	*	4,569	8,833
EU 28⁵	49,208	45,809	*	429	4,192	787	1,876	3,205	5,984	3,817	4,546	1,464	1,064	20,129	280	846	24,081	195	*	78	7,496	14,861

North America	8,950	25,674	*	*	293	315	745	668	1,277	1,166	889	2,730	*	*	*	18	*	74	*	44	1,142	13,108
of which:
Canada	1,043	396	0	0	14	12	85	78	205	123	56	*	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	4	145	147
United States	7,908	25,277	*	*	279	303	660	590	1,073	1,043	833	*	1,572	*	*	*	*	74	1,295	40	998	12,961

Central America	*	4,683	*	*	0	0	0	0	299	412	*	*	*	4,054	*	*	*	0	*	0	329	194
of which:
Bermuda	890	3,627	*	*	0	0	0	0	141	273	90	*	*	3,283	*	*	*	0	*	0	62	65

South America	*	159	0	0	0	0	0	0	88	48	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	112	4	343	81
of which:
Brazil	340	51	0	0	0	0	0	0	17	-1	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	157	32

Asia	10,709	2,492	*	*	4	28	47	0	329	195	487	166	*	142	*	*	4,700	*	*	6	3,276	1,831
of which:
China	2,305	201	*	0	0	0	40	0	13	6	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	0	*	1	1,178	217
Japan	2,487	878	0	0	4	28	7	0	66	36	148	39	*	195	0	*	1,378	0	*	*	225	577
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	658	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	12	*	*	*	*	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	196	19
Taiwan, Province of China	624	81	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	69	10	*	0	0	0	*	0	103	*	26	38

Africa	1,230	275	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	42	136	19	*	*	0	0	592	0	*	*	362	204
of which:
South Africa	661	78	0	0	0	0	0	0	28	7	45	14	*	*	0	0	465	0	*	*	79	55

Oceania and Polar regions	1,649	*	0	*	0	0	0	56	84	45	43	17	105	*	0	6	*	*	*	*	*	*
of which:
Australia	1,469	429	0	*	0	0	0	52	70	32	43	10	101	*	0	6	*	*	*	0	109	307

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	10,169	*	863	96	323	350	627	*	*	*	*	334	1,099	143	169	3,338	49	-1,535	*	1,558	6,403
International Organisations	*	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	*	0	*	*

Total	85,788	92,538	1,329	1,433	4,609	1,547	3,022	4,609	8,433	5,964	8,544	5,156	3,880	33,847	569	1,087	37,935	358	1,507	210	15,965	38,331
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	3,023	5,389	*	*	0	0	0	0	411	492	714	73	*	4,139	*	*	282	1	-499	0	753	585


Table 2d Exports and Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2012¹ - continued																€ million
Region/Country	Research and development		Operational Leasing		Legal, accounting and other professional services		Advertising and market research		Trade related services		Architectural engineering and other technical services		Other		Total other business services
	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports

Europe	133	1,348	3,328	258	247	312	80	1,383	1,290	6,713	205	63	3,538	6,106	8,823	16,183
of which:
Belgium	*	*	44	*	*	5	0	*	*	251	*	0	185	*	315	1,471
France	*	73	251	*	*	15	*	64	*	1,181	*	*	291	237	652	1,607
Germany	*	75	386	5	*	33	*	76	*	1,345	*	25	648	577	1,287	2,137
Italy	*	*	471	*	*	9	0	*	*	461	0	*	220	324	878	945
Luxembourg	*	0	*	0	0	0	*	0	0	16	*	0	68	73	87	89
Netherlands	0	46	254	*	*	82	*	122	*	357	5	*	178	*	513	1,713
Spain	*	*	169	0	*	*	0	71	*	197	*	0	167	201	506	502
Sweden	*	*	78	0	*	2	*	*	*	134	*	*	59	20	280	169
Switzerland	0	*	74	0	*	*	*	17	*	403	*	0	156	122	352	939
United Kingdom	*	485	594	65	*	144	21	834	373	1,742	27	24	1,228	2,127	2,332	5,421

EMU 19⁴	*	440	1,731	*	106	159	*	440	*	4,051	145	*	1,863	3,558	4,569	8,833
EU 28⁵	*	953	2,576	225	*	307	44	1,346	1,143	6,061	*	60	3,219	5,908	7,496	14,861

North America	197	*	563	*	*	*	*	2,203	*	*	*	*	216	2,108	1,142	13,108
of which:
Canada	*	*	126	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	0	8	85	145	147
United States	*	6,131	437	*	*	*	*	*	82	1,621	*	*	209	2,022	998	12,961

Central America	*	0	170	114	*	2	*	0	*	*	*	*	115	40	329	194
of which:
Bermuda	*	0	*	0	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	24	28	62	65

South America	*	*	333	*	0	*	*	2	0	*	*	*	*	46	343	81
of which:
Brazil	0	*	151	0	0	0	0	*	0	0	*	0	*	21	157	32

Asia	*	112	2,677	188	16	17	*	215	*	928	*	*	313	*	3,276	1,831
of which:
China	*	11	1,039	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	0	6	94	1,178	217
Japan	*	*	119	*	*	0	*	*	*	374	*	*	91	41	225	577
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	0	*	181	*	0	0	0	*	0	0	*	*	*	2	196	19
Taiwan, Province of China	0	0	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	4	4	26	38

Africa	*	*	198	30	*	4	0	*	*	64	*	0	*	44	362	204
of which:
South Africa	0	*	59	*	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	14	21	79	55

Oceania and Polar regions	0	*	90	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	24	43	*	*
of which:
Australia	*	42	72	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	22	42	109	307

Not geographically allocated⁶	425	*	179	*	40	339	8	378	276	2,845	27	*	603	2,499	1,558	6,403
International Organisations	*	0	0	*	0	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	*

Total	766	8,006	7,537	1,434	*	839	*	4,259	1,924	12,444	288	89	4,961	11,257	15,965	38,331
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	*	*	356	123	*	*	*	27	*	204	*	0	336	198	753	585
¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means.
The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands,
Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat,
Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

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Show Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by Country, 2012-2015

Table 3 - Exports and Imports of Services classified by country, 2012-2015												€ million
Region/Country	2012 ¹			2013 ¹			2014 ¹			2015
Region/Country	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Algeria	6	3	4	*	5	*	16	4	13	*	4	*
Andorra	29	0	29	42	0	42	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angola	10	6	5	12	2	11	34	*	*	*	0	*
Antarctica	0	0	0	0	0	0	72	0	72	0	0	0
Argentina	82	28	54	80	22	55	87	24	63	170	38	133
Australia	1,469	429	1,041	1,723	411	1,312	2,071	259	1,812	2,627	216	2,410
Austria	563	148	415	623	168	454	677	167	510	766	227	538
Bahamas	11	0	10	16	0	15	*	*	*	27	*	*
Bahrain	50	6	44	68	5	62	46	0	45	47	2	45
Barbados	93	113	-21	*	93	*	81	158	-77	84	136	-51
Belarus	10	0	9	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	*
Belgium	1,525	1,697	-172	1,622	1,528	94	1,990	1,558	431	2,363	1,829	535
Bermuda	890	3,627	-2,736	1,068	4,245	-3,176	522	4,912	-4,390	198	5,501	-5,306
Bosnia and Herzegovina	7	*	*	17	0	17	47	0	47	*	0	*
Brazil	340	51	288	407	101	308	640	95	545	919	104	815
British Virgin Islands	38	*	*	37	*	*	40	*	*	53	3	49
Bulgaria	113	37	77	85	15	69	80	17	62	90	27	63
Canada	1,043	396	647	1,105	281	824	1,191	170	1,023	1,416	251	1,164
Cayman Islands	421	*	*	352	*	*	305	*	*	414	*	*
Chile	89	34	55	*	41	*	75	33	41	221	42	178
China	2,305	201	2,105	1,359	281	1,076	1,363	303	1,060	3,377	410	2,966
Colombia	129	29	102	138	33	106	156	55	100	174	27	147
Croatia	34	30	3	44	37	5	37	47	-10	81	57	25
Curacao	18	*	*	27	0	27	0	0	0	*	*	*
Cyprus	*	22	*	*	31	*	-52	28	-81	*	31	*
Czech Republic	255	115	141	318	118	199	245	136	110	309	193	117
Denmark	1,066	343	723	1,065	334	732	1,027	361	666	1,148	477	672
Dominican Republic	1	0	1	1	0	1	*	0	*	4	0	4
Ecuador	5	2	1	7	*	*	*	0	*	23	*	*
Egypt	278	64	213	318	36	283	301	122	178	228	110	120
El Salvador	*	0	*	28	0	26	*	2	*	20	*	*
Estonia	15	11	6	34	6	29	15	8	8	15	10	5
Ethiopia	24	0	23	*	*	*	52	*	*	65	*	*
Finland	755	175	580	985	165	819	883	298	586	886	386	498
France	5,014	2,921	2,095	4,902	2,168	2,734	5,275	2,412	2,864	5,933	2,648	3,283
Georgia	1	*	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0	*
Germany	9,095	3,467	5,627	8,338	2,251	6,089	8,804	2,791	6,013	9,569	3,055	6,513
Gibraltar	*	36	*	39	*	*	63	*	*	89	*	*
Greece	155	97	57	352	128	224	756	120	636	318	162	156
Guernsey	83	44	36	78	28	51	60	75	-15	47	14	32
Hong Kong	262	143	120	313	92	221	376	101	274	562	87	475
Hungary	671	43	629	*	36	*	*	63	*	*	72	*
Iceland	32	*	*	*	*	*	72	2	71	73	*	*
India	1,352	244	1,108	1,521	292	1,228	1,964	128	1,838	2,337	356	1,981
Indonesia	255	32	224	362	69	293	581	29	553	301	19	282
Isle of Man	21	*	*	15	*	*	*	*	*	106	*	*
Israel	347	140	207	517	89	428	542	107	434	1,637	171	1,465
Italy	5,091	2,462	2,629	5,478	2,233	3,245	5,710	2,566	3,146	6,242	3,182	3,060
Jamaica	5	1	4	3	0	4	4	2	1	4	3	2
Japan	2,487	878	1,609	2,470	874	1,597	2,680	985	1,695	3,155	969	2,186
Jersey	136	15	122	72	37	34	10	40	-30	9	3	5
Jordan	24	5	18	23	*	*	*	2	*	54	10	45
Kazakhstan	63	3	60	90	*	*	75	1	75	90	2	87
Kenya	39	11	27	*	23	*	*	13	*	98	26	72
Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	658	35	623	552	75	475	641	61	581	630	50	579
Kuwait	*	*	31	*	*	59	59	0	58	74	0	73
Latvia	59	1	57	51	5	47	39	6	33	53	10	43
Lebanon	17	*	*	60	*	*	*	*	21	48	*	*
Libya	15	12	4	15	*	*	25	*	*	*	*	*
Liechtenstein	4	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Lithuania	40	4	36	53	10	44	53	14	38	69	18	51
Luxembourg	134	*	*	161	7,629	-7,468	1,743	6,347	-4,604	1,477	6,310	-4,833
Macao	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	*
Malaysia	*	*	135	238	43	194	493	27	465	244	21	222
Malta	27	*	*	38	*	*	57	*	*	107	*	*
Marshall Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	*	*
Mexico	211	20	190	230	29	200	368	46	323	547	99	448
Montenegro	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	0	*	14	0	14
Morocco	50	7	42	*	*	70	41	9	32	69	22	48
Netherlands	3,570	14,498	-10,924	3,525	14,731	-11,206	3,877	15,740	-11,864	4,009	19,393	-15,384
New Zealand	111	18	93	125	*	*	171	14	157	223	25	198
Nigeria	63	47	16	96	37	59	*	31	*	139	96	44
Norway	886	146	740	1,146	154	992	1,117	151	966	1,230	184	1,044
Oman	19	10	9	27	8	20	37	5	31	73	*	*
Pakistan	33	5	30	236	4	233	*	7	*	94	11	82
Panama	19	9	11	22	12	11	61	22	40	48	45	4
Philippines	116	37	79	154	34	121	145	268	-123	169	*	*
Poland	649	231	419	676	322	354	748	399	348	880	483	398
Portugal	386	388	-1	503	322	180	530	354	178	789	395	394
Qatar	67	8	57	81	7	75	136	4	132	262	10	252
Romania	101	13	90	70	13	58	103	70	34	137	66	71
Russian Federation	1,691	263	1,429	1,837	105	1,731	1,646	3	1,643	1,326	165	1,161
Rwanda	2	0	2	*	1	*	5	*	*	*	0	*
Saudi Arabia	416	96	319	481	85	397	562	158	404	622	315	306
Serbia	16	2	14	*	0	*	*	*	*	46	*	*
Singapore	687	333	354	813	305	506	990	275	714	1,208	*	*
Slovakia	56	52	3	82	16	65	92	21	70	98	26	74
Slovenia	33	8	26	44	7	36	41	17	24	55	23	33
South Africa	661	78	583	775	108	668	731	132	598	944	206	739
Spain	2,610	1,621	988	2,131	1,685	447	2,341	1,592	750	3,081	1,823	1,258
Sri Lanka	21	7	15	20	*	*	21	*	*	*	*	15
Sweden	1,691	325	1,366	1,971	388	1,584	2,089	425	1,664	2,299	399	1,900
Switzerland	2,413	2,037	376	2,679	2,108	570	2,829	2,094	737	3,167	3,209	-44
Taiwan, Province of China	624	81	543	515	122	393	512	99	412	490	105	386
Thailand	63	19	45	51	10	41	182	*	*	118	*	*
Tokelau	*	0	*	*	0	*	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	4	0	3	4	0	4	*	0	*	*	*	*
Tunisia	20	0	19	27	8	18	24	10	14	26	11	14
Turkey	281	104	177	440	91	351	437	128	309	663	197	467
Ukraine	70	4	66	92	3	90	99	8	91	45	21	25
United Arab Emirates	493	88	405	677	75	602	524	103	421	1,025	135	893
United Kingdom	15,775	10,638	5,136	17,522	9,726	7,796	19,816	11,969	7,847	23,535	12,054	11,482
United States	7,908	25,277	-17,371	8,726	22,915	-14,188	9,076	26,445	-17,369	12,174	31,675	-19,499
Uruguay	*	4	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	*
Venezuela	26	4	24	32	8	23	46	4	41	22	8	14
Viet Nam	54	4	50	44	4	40	60	4	57	169	8	162
Virgin Islands, US	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	0	0	8	0	8
International Organisations	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Not geographically allocated ²	*	10,169	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	21,806	*
Marginal trade ³	159	89	70	212	85	127	259	170	89	269	71	198

World total	85,788	92,538	-6,749	92,452	93,089	-637	105,327	111,453	-6,127	121,605	150,963	-29,357
¹Revised
²This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
³Subtotal for countries for which exports and imports are less than €10m.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in world total.

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Background Notes

The International Trade in Services provides, on an annual basis, greater analysis of the service components and significantly more geographical detail, including a cross-classification of service components according to counterpart country/region. The data are collected and compiled within the BOP framework and as such are designed to comply in so far as possible with the stipulated international methodological standards. They also conform closely with international presentation formats taking materiality and relevance into account as well as data confidentiality constraints. The results published in this release are generally compatible with the information supplied to and published by Eurostat and the European Central Bank (ECB) concerning the economic activities of EU and EMU residents with non-residents of these areas. The figures are also compatible with those supplied to other international organisations such as IMF and OECD.

For more detailed methodological information see International Trade in Services - Background Notes ( updated January 2015) (PDF 130KB)

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