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For more information on this release:
E-mail: wpi@cso.ie Tony Kelleher (+353) 21 453 5096 Chris Moriarty (+353) 21 453 5447 Susan Kelleher (+353) 21 453 5779
For general information on CSO statistics:
information@cso.ie (+353) 21 453 5000 On-line ISSN 2009-5198
CSO statistical release, , 11am

Wholesale Price Index

December 2014

 Price index (Year ‘10=100)% monthly change% annual change
Oct 2014102.10.5%0.3%
Nov 2014102.40.3%0.6%
Dec 2014102.0-0.4%2.3%

Annual Manufacturing Prices increase by 2.3% in December

Figure 1 - Manufacturing Industries Output Price Index
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Monthly factory gate prices decreased by 0.4% in December 2014. This compares to a decrease of 2.1% for December of last year. The annual percentage change showed an increase of 2.3% in December 2014, compared with an increase of 0.6% in the year to November 2014.  See graph across and table 1.

In the month, the price index for export sales decreased by 0.3%, while the index for home sales decreased by 1.1%. In the year there was an increase of 3.2% in the price index for export sales (this can be influenced by currency fluctuations) and a decrease of 2.8% in respect of the price index for home sales.  See table 2 and Figure 2.

In the month, the most significant changes were increases in Fish and fish products (+4.9%), Meat and meat products (+0.9%) and Wood and wood products (+0.9%), while there were decreases in Dairy products (-3.5%), Other food products including bread and confectionery (-0.7%) and Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (-0.2%). See tables 2 and 2A.

Contributing to the annual change were increases in Other food products including bread and confectionery (+4.3%), Computer, electronic and optical products (+4.2%) and Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (+3.8%), while there were decreases in Vegetable and animal oils and fats (-17.9%), Dairy products (-10.1%) and Grain milling, starches and animal feeds (-3.0%). See tables 2 and 2A.

The yearly price index for Mining and quarrying increased by 0.7% while the monthly index decreased by 3.6%.  See table 2.

  • Building and Construction All materials prices increased by 1.7% in the year since December 2013. The most notable yearly changes were increases in Sand and gravel (+24.5%), Hardwood (+23.9%) and Stone (+9.9%), while there were decreases in Other Structural steel (-5.0%), Fabricated metal (-2.5%) and Reinforcing metal (-1.9%). Building and Construction All materials prices decreased by 0.4% in the month.  See table 3.
  • Year on year, the price of Capital goods increased by 1.2%, while the monthly price index decreased by 0.2%.  See table 4.
  • The price of Energy products decreased by 9.9% in the year since December 2013, while Petroleum fuels decreased by 12.7%. In December 2014, the monthly price index for Energy products decreased by 4.8%, while Petroleum fuels decreased by 6.7%.  See table 5.
Table 1 Manufacturing Industries Output Price Indices (excluding VAT)  
         Base: Year 2010 as 100
  Manufacturing Industries Output Price Index Manufacturing Industries Output Price Index (Home Sales) Manufacturing Industries Output Price Index (Export Sales)
  
PeriodPrice Index% Change on preceding periodAnnual % change Price Index% Change on Preceding Period Price Index% Change on Preceding Period
           
2010Year100.0--100.0-100.0-
2011Year100.50.50.5106.26.299.6-0.4
2012Year102.41.91.9109.22.8101.31.7
2013Year102.0-0.4-0.4110.71.4100.6-0.7
2014Year100.7-1.3-1.3110.1-0.599.2-1.4
           
2012Quarter 1102.41.22.0 108.72.0 101.51.2
 Quarter 2101.8-0.61.5 110.01.2 100.5-1.0
 Quarter 3103.01.22.8 108.8-1.1 102.11.6
 Quarter 4102.2-0.81.0 109.50.6 101.0-1.1
           
2013Quarter 1101.9-0.3-0.5 109.90.4 100.6-0.4
 Quarter 2102.50.60.7 110.60.6 101.30.7
 Quarter 3102.4-0.1-0.6 111.50.8 101.0-0.3
 Quarter 4101.1-1.3-1.1 110.8-0.6 99.6-1.4
           
2014Quarter 199.8-1.3-2.1 110.4-0.4 98.1-1.5
 Quarter 2100.00.2-2.4 110.60.2 98.30.2
 Quarter 3100.70.7-1.7 110.70.1 99.10.8
 Quarter 4102.21.51.1 108.9-1.6 101.12.0
           
2013January101.6-0.3-1.2 108.6-0.6 100.5-0.2
 February101.60.0-0.6 109.60.9 100.3-0.2
 March102.50.90.2 111.41.6 101.10.8
 April102.60.11.3 110.9-0.4 101.30.2
 May103.10.51.2110.4-0.5101.90.6
 June101.9-1.2-0.3110.50.1100.6-1.3
 July102.60.7-0.9110.70.2101.30.7
 August102.4-0.2-1.4 112.21.4 100.9-0.4
 September102.2-0.20.5 111.5-0.6 100.7-0.2
October101.8-0.4-0.1 110.9-0.5 100.3-0.4
November101.80.0-0.9 110.8-0.1 100.40.1
 December99.7-2.1-2.2110.6-0.298.0-2.4
           
2014January100.10.4-1.5 110.60.0 98.40.4
 February99.9-0.2-1.7 110.4-0.2 98.3-0.1
 March99.3-0.6-3.1 110.2-0.2 97.5-0.8
 April99.80.5-2.7 110.20.0 98.20.7
May99.90.1-3.1110.70.598.20.0
June100.20.3-1.7110.80.198.50.3
 July100.1-0.1-2.4 110.90.1 98.4-0.1
August100.40.3-2.0110.6-0.398.80.4
 September101.61.2-0.6 110.5-0.1 100.21.4
October102.10.50.3110.4-0.1100.80.6
 November102.40.30.6 108.7-1.5 101.40.6
 December102.0-0.42.3 107.5-1.1 101.1-0.3
Table 2 Industrial Producer Price Indices (excluding VAT)       
       Base: Year 2010 as 100
 NACE code1Index Monthly % Change Annual % Change
Nov 2014Dec 2014Year 2014 Nov 2014Dec 2014 Dec 2014Year3 2014
   
Food Products10110.1109.4109.4 0.5-0.6 0.3-0.9
        Meat and meat products101116.9118.0117.4 0.10.9 1.8-0.6
        Fish and fish products102114.1119.7110.8 5.24.9 -2.4-5.8
        Fruit and vegetables103105.3103.7104.5 0.0-1.5 1.11.9
        Vegetable and animal oils and fats104113.2109.5114.1 0.0-3.3 -17.9-17.4
        Dairy products105115.8111.8121.5 -0.9-3.5 -10.13.5
        Grain milling, starches and animal feeds106,109117.1117.1119.3 -0.20.0 -3.0-3.2
        Bakery and farinaceous products107100.8100.6100.5 0.1-0.2 0.10.0
        Other food products108104.8104.1101.3 1.2-0.7 4.3-2.1
Beverages11106.0106.0104.9 0.10.0 0.52.3
Textiles13103.0103.0102.8 0.00.0 1.10.9
Wearing apparel14105.2105.1105.0 -0.1-0.1 1.31.4
Leather and leather products (incl. footwear); dressing and dyeing of fur15106.6106.6106.3 0.00.0 0.70.5
Wood and wood products16117.7118.8113.9 0.30.9 7.49.2
Pulp, paper and paper products17102.2102.1101.6 0.0-0.1 1.30.9
Printing and reproduction of recorded media18109.2109.3105.0 -0.10.1 8.54.1
Chemicals and chemical products20103.5103.4102.5 0.1-0.1 3.41.4
Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations2192.592.389.8 0.9-0.2 3.8-3.8
Rubber and plastic products22103.9103.7103.7 0.0-0.2 0.2-0.1
Other non-metallic mineral products23106.4105.5106.2 -0.4-0.8 0.10.7
Basic metals24110.3110.4107.9 0.60.1 3.7-0.8
Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment25105.8105.6104.7 0.0-0.2 2.01.7
Computer, electronic and optical products26112.6112.7109.3 1.00.1 4.20.4
Electrical equipment27105.7105.8105.4 0.00.1 1.11.0
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.28106.1106.2104.7 0.40.1 2.50.8
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers2994.694.693.3 0.20.0 0.4-2.0
Furniture 31104.0104.0102.2 0.10.0 4.63.1
Other Manufacturing32104.6104.6104.6 -0.10.0 0.61.0
Mining and quarrying05-09124.0119.5120.8 3.0-3.6 0.71.2
           
Total transportable goods industries 102.6102.1100.8 0.4-0.5 2.2-1.3
           
Food products, Beverages and Tobacco Products10-12109.7109.1108.8 0.5-0.5 0.6-0.5
Manufacturing industries excluding Food Products  100.5100.198.5 0.3-0.4 2.7-1.4
Manufacturing industries excluding Food Products, Beverages and Tobacco Products 100.299.998.2 0.2-0.3 2.8-1.6
Intermediate goods industries (except energy) 109.2108.9108.8 0.1-0.3 1.20.8
Capital goods industries 107.9107.9105.7 0.70.0 3.00.6
Durable consumer goods industries 104.5104.5103.7 0.00.0 2.21.9
Non-durable consumer goods industries 98.798.396.5 0.7-0.4 2.9-2.1
           
Manufacturing industries (home sales)2 108.7107.5110.1 -1.5-1.1 -2.8-0.5
Manufacturing industries (export sales)2 101.4101.199.2 0.6-0.3 3.2-1.4
Total manufacturing industries2 102.4102.0100.7 0.3-0.4 2.3-1.3
1 Nace Rev. 2 Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community.
2 Excludes Mining and quarrying.
3 Annual average for 2014 relative to the annual average for 2013.
Table 2A Contribution to changes in the Manufacturing Output Price Index, December 2014 (Table 2)
        
Industrial sectorNACE code 1Contribution to overall % change2
   One monthTwelve months
Food Products10   -0.14 0.06
       Meat and meat products101   0.05 0.10
       Fish and fish products102   0.02 -0.01
       Fruit and vegetables103   0.00 0.00
       Vegetable and animal oils and fats104   0.00 -0.01
       Dairy products105   -0.14 -0.44
       Grain milling, starches and animal feeds106,109   0.00 -0.05
       Bakery and farinaceous products107   0.00 0.00
       Other food products108   -0.08 0.46
Beverages11   0.00 0.01
Tobacco Products12   0.00 0.02
Textiles13   0.00 0.00
Wearing apparel14   0.00 0.00
Leather and leather products (incl. footwear); dressing and dyeing of fur15   0.00 0.00
Wood and wood products16   0.01 0.07
Pulp, paper and paper products17   0.00 0.01
Printing and reproduction of recorded media18   0.00 0.13
Coke and refined petroleum products19   -0.21 -0.38
Chemicals and chemical products20   0.00 0.09
Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations21   -0.08 1.41
Rubber and plastic products22   0.00 0.00
Other non-metallic mineral products23   -0.01 0.00
Basic metals24   0.00 0.03
Fabricated metal products, except Machinery and equipment25   0.00 0.03
Computer, electronic and optical products26   0.00 0.30
Electrical equipment27   0.00 0.01
Machinery and equipment n.e.c.28   0.00 0.06
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers29   0.00 0.00
Other transport equipment30   0.00 0.00
Furniture 31   0.00 0.02
Other Manufacturing32   0.00 0.05
Repair and Installation of machinery and equipment33   0.00 0.00
Mining and quarrying05-09   -0.05 0.01
        
1 Nace Rev. 2 Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community.  
2 See Background Notes.       
Table 3 Detailed Wholesale Price Indices (excluding VAT) for Building and Construction Materials
      Base: Year 2010 as 100
MaterialsIndex Monthly % Change Annual % Change
Nov 2014Dec 2014Year 2014 Nov 2014Dec 2014 Dec 2014Year1 2014
  
Stone, sand and gravel129.3123.9123.2 -2.0-4.2 12.011.0
       Stone126.3122.3120.2 -3.4-3.2 9.96.8
       Sand and gravel145.4132.7139.5 5.1-8.7 24.535.3
Cement100.6100.6100.6 0.00.0 0.00.1
Ready mixed mortar and concrete102.9102.8103.6 0.1-0.1 -0.8-0.3
Concrete blocks and bricks108.2108.0109.5 -0.7-0.2 0.62.7
Other concrete products99.199.199.0 0.00.0 1.10.4
       Precast concrete91.891.892.0 0.00.0 -0.2-0.1
       Other concrete products (Excluding precast concrete)100.6100.6100.3 0.00.0 1.50.2
Structural steel and reinforcing metal103.0102.8103.2 0.0-0.2 -2.5-2.6
       Structural steel99.599.399.5 0.0-0.2 -2.8-3.1
              Fabricated metal99.999.999.7 0.00.0 -2.5-3.2
              Other Structural steel96.794.898.1 0.0-2.0 -5.0-2.5
       Reinforcing metal108.6108.5109.2 0.0-0.1 -1.9-1.9
       Other steel products101.9101.9101.8 0.00.0 0.60.4
Rough timber (including plain sawn)110.9110.9109.2 0.00.0 3.62.3
       Hardwood140.3140.3130.4 0.00.0 23.915.2
       Other108.1108.1107.2 0.00.0 1.61.1
Other timber103.5103.5103.5 0.00.0 0.00.0
       Windows and doors100.3100.3100.3 0.00.0 0.10.1
       Other107.5107.5107.5 0.00.0 0.00.0
Bituminous macadam, asphalt and bituminous emulsions143.6144.3143.4 0.50.5 2.64.1
       Bituminous macadam and asphalt145.2146.1144.7 0.70.6 3.04.3
       Bituminous emulsions112.4107.9116.0 -4.1-4.0 -8.3-1.5
Electrical fittings105.1105.1104.2 0.00.0 2.01.8
       Lighting equipment104.2104.2104.0 0.00.0 2.42.2
       Protection & communication equipment 95.895.895.6 0.00.0 0.71.0
All other materials109.9109.9109.1 0.10.0 1.70.8
       Plumbing materials incl. sanitary ware100.7100.7100.2 0.00.0 1.20.7
       HVAC (heating & ventilation equipment) 99.299.299.4 0.00.0 -0.3-0.7
       Insulating materials121.9121.9119.7 0.20.0 2.82.5
       Pipes and fittings119.1119.2118.4 0.00.1 1.40.1
              PVC103.6103.6103.3 0.00.0 1.61.3
              Copper125.0125.1124.2 -0.10.1 1.2-0.2
       Plaster103.1102.7102.1 0.4-0.4 1.12.0
       Paints, oils and varnishes104.2104.7104.7 0.00.5 -0.2-0.6
       Glass128.3128.3123.6 0.00.0 9.15.1
       All other metal fittings100.1100.199.9 0.00.0 0.40.1
       All other products108.1108.1107.3 0.00.0 1.90.9
All materials108.2107.8107.5 -0.2-0.4 1.71.4
1 Annual average for 2014 relative to the annual average for 2013.
Table 4 Capital Goods Price Indices (excluding VAT)     
      Base: Year 2010 as 100
Capital goodsIndex Monthly % Change Annual % Change
Nov 2014Dec 2014Year 2014 Nov 2014Dec 2014 Dec 2014Year2 2014
  
Transportable capital for use in         
                Agriculture108.6108.6107.8 0.20.0 1.91.9
                Industry101.1101.1101.1 0.00.0 0.30.1
        of which:         
                Private vehicles1101.3101.3101.2 0.00.0 0.20.0
                Commercial vehicles100.3100.3100.1 0.00.0 1.11.2
Agriculture and industry102.4102.4102.2 0.10.0 0.60.4
Other sectors101.4101.4101.3 0.10.0 0.50.4
Total transportable capital101.9101.9101.7 0.10.0 0.60.3
Building and construction100.6100.4100.1 -0.1-0.2 1.31.0
(i.e. materials and wages)         
          
All capital goods100.8100.6100.3 -0.1-0.2 1.20.9
          
1 Private vehicles are inclusive of VAT which is non-deductible for industry and agriculture.
2 Annual average for 2014 relative to the annual average for 2013.
Table 5 Wholesale Price Indices (excluding VAT) for Energy Products    
(i.e. Fuels purchased by Manufacturing Industry)     
      Base: Year 2010 as 100
Energy fuelsIndex Monthly % Change Annual % Change
Nov 2014Dec 2014Year 2014 Nov 2014Dec 2014 Dec 2014Year2 2014
  
Petrol106.199.4109.6 -2.1-6.3 -8.8-2.1
Autodiesel107.5101.7109.9 -1.0-5.4 -9.2-3.2
Gas oil (other than autodiesel)110.0102.2114.2 -1.8-7.1 -12.7-3.7
Fuel oil105.397.9111.7 -3.3-7.0 -14.3-3.7
Electricity115.3110.8107.0 5.6-3.9 -8.6-10.8
          
Petroleum fuels1106.599.4111.6 -2.6-6.7 -12.7-3.5
Energy products112.4107.0108.5 2.9-4.8 -9.9-8.5
          
1 Energy products excluding electricity.
2 Annual average for 2014 relative to the annual average for 2013.
HomeExport
Jan 201097.1100.2
Feb 201098.4100.6
Mar 201097.8100.1
Apr 2010100101.1
May 2010101.5100.7
Jun 201099.7100.5
Jul 2010100.1100.1
Aug 2010100.5100.2
Sep 2010101100.2
Oct 2010100.497.8
Nov 201010299.2
Dec 2010101.599
Jan 2011102.8100.1
Feb 201110499.8
Mar 2011105.299.6
Apr 2011106.998.7
May 2011108.699.8
Jun 2011106.699.2
Jul 2011106.799.1
Aug 2011106.998.6
Sep 201110799.9
Oct 2011106.199.7
Nov 2011106.8100.7
Dec 2011107100.5
Jan 2012108.3102
Feb 2012108.7101.2
Mar 2012109101.2
Apr 2012110.399.8
May 2012110.5100.5
Jun 2012109.1101.1
Jul 2012107.7102.8
Aug 2012109.3103.1
Sep 2012109.3100.5
Oct 2012109.1100.8
Nov 2012110101.6
Dec 2012109.3100.7
Jan 2013108.6100.5
Feb 2013109.6100.3
Mar 2013111.4101.1
Apr 2013110.9101.3
May 2013110.4101.9
Jun 2013110.5100.6
Jul 2013110.7101.3
Aug 2013112.2100.9
Sep 2013111.5100.7
Oct 2013110.9100.3
Nov 2013110.8100.4
Dec 2013110.698
Jan 2014110.698.4
Feb 2014110.498.3
Mar 2014110.297.5
Apr 2014110.298.2
May 2014110.798.2
Jun 2014110.898.5
Jul 2014110.998.4
Aug 2014110.698.8
Sep 2014110.5100.2
Oct 2014110.4100.8
Nov 2014108.7101.4
Dec 2014107.5101.1

Annual Average Price Changes in Wholesale Prices for 2014

Overall prices received by Irish producers decreased by 1.3% in 2014 following on from a decrease of 0.4% in 2013. The price index for goods sold on the home market decreased by 0.5% in 2014, having increased by 1.4% in 2013. The price index for exported goods decreased by 1.4% in 2014 following a decrease of 0.7% in the previous year. (see table 6).

Producer prices were affected by a number of factors during 2014 including fluctuations in the Euro exchange rate and market demand. Exchange rates made a significant contribution to price changes during 2014. The average exchange rate for the US dollar and Sterling are shown in Table 7 below. Other global factors also had a major effect on market demand during the year.  

Table 6 Annual average % change in Producer Price Indices for home, export and total sales, 2011 - 2014
Index   2011201220132014
Manufacturing Industries (home sales)   6.22.81.4-0.5
Manufacturing Industries (export sales)   -0.41.7-0.7-1.4
Total Manufacturing Industries   0.51.9-0.4-1.3
Table 7 Annual average exchange rates, 2010 - 2014   
Exchange rate     € 2010€ 2011€ 2012€ 2013€ 2014
Pound Sterling     0.85790.86480.81080.84920.8082
US Dollar      1.32961.38531.28031.32821.3303
            
Source: European Central Bank     
           

Food, Beverages and Tobacco

The overall index for the Food, Beverages and Tobacco sector decreased by 0.5% in 2014 compared with an increase of 1.6% in 2013. This decrease was due mainly to decreased prices in Vegetable and animal oils and fats and Fish and fish products. The index for Food decreased by 0.9% in 2014 while Beverages increased by 2.3%.  

Within the Food sector, prices increased for Dairy products (+3.5%) and Fruit and vegetables (+1.9%). There were decreases in the prices for Vegetable and animal oils and fats (-17.4%), Fish and fish products (-5.8%) and Grain milling, starches and animal feeds (-3.2%).

Table 8 Annual average % change in Producer Price Indices for Food, Beverages and Tobacco products, 2014 
       
IndexNACE1 code    2014
Food, Beverages and Tobacco products10-12-0.5
Food Products10    -0.9
       Meat and meat products101    -0.6
       Fish and fish products102    -5.8
       Fruit and vegetables103    1.9
       Vegetable and animal oils and fats104    -17.4
       Dairy products105    3.5
       Grain milling, starches and animal feeds106,109    -3.2
       Bakery and farinaceous products107    0.0
       Other food products108    -2.1
Beverages11    2.3
1 Nace Rev. 2 Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community.

Background Notes

Wholesale Price Index        

The term Industrial Producer Price Index refers to a family of indices that measure the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. The other three wholesale price index series incorporate imported and home produced goods sold by manufacturers and wholesale outlets.

Coverage

The output price indices for sectors of Manufacturing Industries cover both home sales and export sales.  The Indices for Total transportable goods industries; Food, drink and tobacco; Manufacturing industries excluding food; Manufacturing industries excluding food, drink and tobacco; Intermediate goods industries (except energy); Capital goods industries; Durable consumer goods industries; Non-durable consumer goods industries; Manufacturing industries (home sales); Manufacturing industries (export sales) and Total manufacturing industries are all calculated on a net sector basis, i.e. the weights used to combine the sectoral indices (including those for sectors not distinguished in Table 2) exclude sales to other sectors of Manufacturing Industry.

Table 2A gives the percentage contribution of each sector (including those not published on Table 2) to the overall percentage change on Table 2. The percentage contributions on Table 2A may not add up to the Total Manufacturing industries percentage change on Table 2 due to rounding and other adjustments for presentational purposes.  In comparing these contributions against these percentage changes in indices presented on Table 2 caution should be exercised as the former is calculated on a net sector basis.

The Building Materials, Capital Goods and Energy Products indices (Tables 3, 4 and 5) cover home production and imports of these commodities.  Table 3, the Wholesale Price Index for Building and Construction Materials, provides only a general indication of price trends in that sector.  Actual transaction prices are collected for materials purchased by construction and civil engineering firms. The price indices reflect an ‘average’ over a mixture of products from many companies throughout the country.  They also reflect prices for both long-term and short-term contracts and for high and low volume civil engineering works. It should be noted that long-term, high volume fixed contracts for major works might dilute in the short-term the impact of emerging price changes on the index.  Furthermore, industry sources have confirmed that price increases notified by companies may not always be achieved in practice following negotiations. Much depends on the prevailing market conditions. Therefore changes over the short-term in the indices derived from these transaction prices will not always coincide with price changes notified by companies.

Prices

All indices in the series are based on prices at the 15th of the month. Quarterly and annual indices are simple averages of the corresponding monthly indices.

Prices used in the compilation of the indices are:

  • excluding delivery charges itemised on the invoice separately
  • after discounts or surcharges are applied
  • before addition of direct subsidies
  • exclusive of VAT (except for private vehicles used in Table 4)
  • inclusive of excise duty

Every effort is made by the Wholesale Prices Section to collect all prices for the relevant month. Where this is not possible late prices are included in the following month’s calculations.

Methodology

This Wholesale Price Index series is compiled to base 2010 as 100. A methodological description of this updated series is given in the Wholesale Price Index Introduction of Updated Series base 2010 as 100.

Calculating percentage changes in the index

The movement of the output price indices is expressed as percentage change, rather than a change in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percentage changes are not.

The example below illustrates the computation of a percentage change:

Percentage change calculation  
Current index  105.6
Less previous index  102.1
Equals in index points   3.5
Divided by the previous index   102.1
Equals   0.0343
Results multiplied by 100   0.0343 x 100
Equals percentage change   3.4

Alternatively, users may calculate a percentage change by dividing the current index by the previous index, multiplying by 100 and then subtracting 100.

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