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Infant Mortality, Stillbirths and Maternal Mortality 2014

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Infant mortality

During the year 2014 there were 224 deaths of infants under one year, compared to 245 in 2013.  The infant mortality rate, which was 3.6 per 1,000 births in 2013, decreased to 3.3 in 2014.  See tables 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3.

Infant mortality rates in the EU-28

Ireland had an infant mortality rate of 3.3 per 1,000 live births.  Romania had the highest rate at 8.4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.  Cyprus had the lowest rate, 1.4 per 1,000 live births.  See fig. 4.1.

CountryInfant mortality rate
Romania8.4
Bulgaria7.6
Slovakia5.8
Malta5
Croatia5
Hungary4.5
Poland4.2
Denmark4
United Kingdom3.9
Lithuania3.9
Latvia3.8
Greece3.8
Netherlands3.6
France3.5
Belgium3.4
Ireland3.3
Germany 3.2
Austria3
Portugal2.9
Luxembourg2.8
Italy2.8
Spain2.8
Estonia2.7
Czech Republic2.4
Sweden2.2
Finland2.2
Slovenia1.8
Cyprus1.4

Infant Mortality by detailed age

A third (33.0%) of all infant deaths occurred within the first day of birth and 53.6% occurred within the first week.  See table 4.5.

There were 158 neonatal deaths (deaths of infants under 4 weeks) in 2014, a decrease of 23 on the 2013 figure.  The neonatal mortality rate of 2.3 per 1,000 live births was 0.3 less than the 2013 figure of 2.6.  See tables 4.2, 4.3 and 4.8 and fig. 4.2.

YearInfantNeonatalPost neonatal
197417.806608907658111.60985095853836.19675794911983
197517.50573104290111.95331805055235.55241299234869
197615.659888654023610.47962130459385.18026734942987
197715.51704116588289.885037449921625.63200371596121
197814.87930127028839.843667761988085.03563350830026
197912.77933249700168.409269496408834.37006300059278
198011.08500756102836.723914452365524.36109310866278
198110.33842401396936.527342775575823.81108123839353
198210.51621190519886.577925836003563.93828606919526
198310.08686323882186.093836136895273.99302710192649
19849.631294683275585.962973369548253.66832131372733
19858.847855356799385.257421298967753.59043405783163
19868.876987990912044.998377150275883.87861084063616
19877.940718429654484.312631560933033.62808686872144
19888.581560283687945.159574468085113.42198581560284
19898.131800530585574.786804567649663.34499596293591
19908.181886735540314.807329763969533.37455697157077
19917.606510110398725.007777229788692.59873288061004
19926.478889780578994.286637045156492.1922527354225
19936.125263670290444.015901346746712.10936232354373
19945.740337788830173.99958553517771.74075225365247
19956.374648984360594.755365158751311.61928382560928
19965.981640509327814.125950054288821.85569045503899
19976.082425390810043.52439602084322.55802936996684
19985.855213177935483.446422946506331.59350738386852
19995.878644017506124.042726800682441.83591721682368
20006.169121538995054.270930296227341.89819124276771
20015.721298440902963.975524596397831.74577384450513
20025.041072343520163.570070905574931.47100143794523
20035.298314615872193.786832225454661.51148239041753
20044.631123733298913.372490802297811.2586329310011
20053.845401811901192.721110604184321.12429120771687
20063.92.71.2
20073.221784868817322.18521060667611.03657426214123
20083.777952190281092.660529711465551.11742247881553
20093.269184953807872.223575191253941.04560976255393
20103.604969803389472.593981961848511.01098784154096
20113.538962354625642.539408101792440.999554252833196
20123.306638390490282.581131233083130.725507157407149
20133.62.60.9
20143.32.31

Infant Mortality by cause

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period accounted for 44.2% of infant deaths in 2014. Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities accounted for a further 42.9%, sudden infant death syndrome accounted for 7.6%.  Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs accounted for 0.9%, and all other causes, at 4.5%, accounted for the remainder.  See table 4.8.

For infant deaths occurring in the first day of life, the causes of death were split between certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (68.9%), congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (28.4%) and all other causes (2.7%).  See table 4.8.

Clare had the highest rate for infant mortality in 2014 with a rate of 8.2 per 1,000 births.  The lowest rate occurred in Westmeath with a rate of 0.7 per 1,000 births in 2014.  See table 4.3.

Stillbirths

The number of stillbirths in 2014 was 164, a decrease of 26 on the 2013 total of 190.  The corresponding rate decrease was from 2.7 in 2013 to 2.4 in 2014.  See fig. 4.3.

YearPerinatalStillbirth
20047.855.15
20056.254.12
20065.973.84
20076.184.42
20086.043.9
20095.713.88
20105.693.62
20114.822.84
20124.632.62
20134.982.74
20144.212.43

For stillbirths, the highest rate per 1,000 live and stillbirths was in Limerick City (4.5).  There were no registered stillbirths in 2014 for Carlow, Galway City and South Tipperary.  See table 4.3.

In 2014, stillbirths classified as being due to certain conditions originating in the perinatal period accounted for 83.5% of the stillbirths and the remaining 16.5% were due to congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities.  See table 4.12a.

While statistics of infant mortality are obtained in the course of the usual procedure for registration of deaths, which has been in operation since 1863, particulars of late foetal mortality have been obtained through a scheme of notification to the Directors of Community Care.  The scheme of notifying late foetal deaths was introduced in 1957, but comparisons between different areas of the country showed marked differences in the coverage of the scheme in the early years.  Consequently, the number of late foetal deaths in the early years of the scheme is believed to be understated.

In 1995 stillbirths were registered in Ireland for the first time under the Stillbirths Registration Act, 1994.  The definition of a stillbirth under the Act is broader than the definition used for late foetal deaths in previous Vital Statistics Reports.  Care should be taken in comparing statistics on stillbirths and late foetal deaths in consideration of the changes between the notification and registration systems.

The National Perinatal Reporting System (NPRS) (http://www.hpo.ie/latest_hipe_nprs_reports/NPRS_2014/Perinatal_Statistics_Report_2014.pdf) also produces statistics on stillbirths, which can be compared to the numbers in these reports.  The NPRS figures are derived from birth notification forms, whereas the figures contained in this report are derived from stillbirths registered.  In recent years, the numbers of stillbirths according to NPRS reports have been higher than the numbers published in these reports.  This suggests that there is considerable non-registration of stillbirths and that caution should be taken in interpreting the statistics on stillbirths in these reports.

Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium

There was 1 maternal death in 2014, giving a rate of 1.5 maternal deaths per 100,000 live and stillbirths.  See table 4.19.

YearMaternal death rate
1944269.01031715705
1945263.232676747282
1946239.981154854097
1947214.561164429238
1948188.078264826331
1949201.081788848534
1950155.746086682923
1951163.809281465695
1952142.346551964228
1953132.676875859203
1954110.339975053571
1955113.595793710039
195685.6108001317089
1957132.262173018517
1958102.503780877164
195964.7969694955805
196057.6273977113691
196145.1316339323025
196243.7020491405264
196334.7848085254403
196446.8223248845049
196528.3353010625738
196628.9319295989713
196722.8358914968927
196836.0632089699036
196931.7904374364191
197031.1119407628648
197125.1661707450667
197240.8598070833394
197311.6426294878698
197421.7684705472594
19757.44291285837625
197616.3744082884278
197711.6123787957963
197817.0699440959331
19799.64998138932161
19806.75091812486498
19814.15754316915657
19825.64628827124769
198311.9194838863477
19846.24395117230183
19856.41148938898506
19864.86854917234664
19873.42272346105796
19881.77304964539007
19893.84482294590334
19903.77045471683885
19915.69065594294169
19923.91473702754017
19932.02823300340743
19942.07232411149104
19950
19965.92241634586911
19975.68450971103742
19983.70583112527562
19991.85446183517543
20001.82518388727664
20015.18546686486673
20028.26405302216419
20030
20041.61363196282192
20051.62940754741576
20060
20072.80155205984115
20083.99079456719833
20093.97066998438203
20101.33024715992231
20112.70149798063026
20122.79041214387365
20134.35072657133741
20141.48
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Table 4.1 Live births, stillbirths and infant mortality, 2001 to 2014

Table 4.2 Live birth, stillbirth and infant mortality rates, 2001 to 2014

Table 4.3 Stillbirths and infant mortality 2014 per 1,000 live births

Table 4.4 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 live births by detailed age, 1941 to 2014

Table 4.5 Infant deaths during 2014 by detailed age

Table 4.6 Infant mortality rates in Ireland and neighbouring countries, 1941-2014

Table 4.7 Stillbirth and perinatal mortality rates in Ireland and neighbouring countries, 1997-2014

Table 4.8 Infant mortality - deaths under 1 year in 2014, classified by sex, age and cause

Table 4.9 Infant mortality - deaths under 1 year in 2014, classified by age under 4 weeks, age 4 weeks to one year, sex and cause, assigned to each province

Table 4.10 Infant mortality - deaths under 1 year in 2014, classified by sex and cause, assigned to each regional authority

Table 4.11 Infant mortality - deaths under 1 year in 2014, classified by age-group and cause, assigned to each regional authority

Table 4.12a Stillbirths in 2014, classified by sex and cause, and with mention of affecting maternal factors

Table 4.12b Stillbirths in 2014, classified by maternal factors

Table 4.13 Stillbirths in 2014, classified by age of mother, sex of child and period of gestation

Table 4.14 Stillbirths in 2013, classified by age of mother and number of previous live and stillborn children

Table 4.15 Stillbirths in 2014, classified by cause and period of gestation

Table 4.16 Stillbirths in 2014, classified by cause and number of previous children

Table 4.17 Stillbirths in 2014, classified by cause and age of mother at maternity

Table 4.18 Stillbirths in 2014, classified by cause and birthweight

Table 4.19 Maternal deaths per 100,000 total live and stillbirths, 1996 - 2014

Stillbirths, Infant Mortality and Maternal Mortality

The terms used in relation to stillbirths and infant mortality are defined as follows:

Stillbirth:  Stillbirth weighing 500 grams or more or at gestational age of 24 weeks or more.  this definition applies to stillbirth figures from 1995 onwards.

Late foetal death:  Foetal death at or over 28 weeks gestation.  this definition was applied up to 1994 inclusive.

Early neonatal death:  Death at ages under 1 week live born infant.

Perinatal deaths:  Stillbirths or late foetal deaths p;us early neonatal deaths.

Late neonatal deaths:  Death between the ages of 1 week and 4 weeks of live born infant.

Neonatal death: Death at ages under 4 weeks of live born infant.

Post neonatal death:  Death between the ages of 4 weeks and 1 year of live born infant.

Infant death:  Death at ages under 1 year of live born infant.

Maternal death: a maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.

Stillbirth rate: Stillbirths divided by total live births plus stillbirths, multiplied by 1,000.

Late foetal mortality rate:  Late foetal deaths divided by total live births plus late foetal deaths, multiplied by 1,000.

Early neonatal mortality rate:  Early neonatal deaths divided by total live births, multiplied by 1,000.

Perinatal mortality rate:  Perinatal deaths divided by total live births plus stillbirths, multiplied by 1,000.

Late neonatal mortality rate:  Late neonatal deaths divided by total live births, multiplied by 1,000.

Neonatal mortality rate:  Neonatal deaths divided by total live births, multiplied by 1,000.

Post neonatal mortality rate:  Post neonatal deaths divided by total live births, multiplied by 1,000.

Infant mortality rate: Infant deaths divided by total live births, multiplied by 1,000.

Maternal death rate:  Maternal deaths divided by total live and stillbirths multiplied by 100,000.

 

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